/ajax-prototype

How to handle error messages in HTML form submissions with Ajax, Python and Google App Engine

Primary LanguagePythonGNU General Public License v2.0GPL-2.0

Ajax-Prototype

Little Google App Engine prototype to see how to handle a simple Ajax POST request with a Python back-end. Check the code and learn how to "ajaxify" your error messages in HTML form submissions with Python and Google App Engine.

Motivation

There is a shortage of online material on how to handle error messages in HTML form submissions with Ajax using a Python back-end with Google App Engine. This "prototype" application is built using the Google App Engine Python web framework webapp2 and is meant to fill this learning gap. Hopefully web developers who mix those technologies together for the first time won't get stuck too long to make them work.

Installation

If you want to run the app locally and play with the code, you need both Python 2.7 (the app doesn't work with Python 3 or earlier versions of Python 2) as well as the Google App Engine SDK for Python installed on your machine. If that's already the case, skip step 1 and go straight to step 2.

  1. Windows users, just follow the download links and make sure you add Python to your DOS PATH (check this video for instructions). On Mac OS X, the easiest and by far the cleanest way is to use the Homebrew package manager (which requires Xcode)

     brew install python
 brew install google-app-engine

    and if you haven't done so yet, set your PATH so that Homebrew-installed programs come first (run echo export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bash_profile and source ~/.bash_profile). Linux users, make sure that your sytem's default Python version is 2.7.x. Then follow the link above to download the Google App Engine SDK for Python zip file. Unzip this file and add the google_appengine directory to your PATH with

     echo export PATH=$PATH:/path_to_dir/google_appengine/ >> /home/username/.profile
 source /home/username/.profile

  2. Clone the app's repository into your machine (with git clone https://github.com/ChrisDeveloper/ajax-prototype). Then all you need is to run

     cd path_to_your_repo/ajax-prototype
 dev_appserver.py .

    Don't forget to replace path_to_your_repo by your local repository's path. The app is now running locally on the Google App Engine server at http://localhost:8080. You're good to go!

Description

  • The HTML form call the JavaScript function ajaxScript in ajax_script.jsonce the Submit Query button is triggered. This function will makes the Ajax request to the server.
  • Notice that ajax_script.jscontains a second function, the so-called ajaxScript2. This function does the exact same thing as ajaxScript, only the Ajax request is written in "pure" JavaScript, while ajaxScript relies on the jQuery .ajax()method. Pick the function that fits your taste.
  • JSON is used to send the data between the browser and the server.
  • main.py handles the server side of the business.
  • The handy json module provides the two key Python ingredients. json.loads handles the data that the browser sends to the server, while json.dumps handles the data sent by the server in response to the browser's request.
  • The self.request.body argument of json.loads is the only less common piece of Google App Engine that is used in the process, as it is specific to the task. As its name suggests, it gets the body from the Ajax request, which is the JSON object that json.loads takes as argument.
  • On the client-side, the jQuery .done() method will eventually handle the response that it gets from the server.

It is supposed that you know the basics of the Google App Engine/Python stack, such as Jinja2 templating engine or the get/post methods of the webapp2.RequestHandler object, although this is not necessary to grasp what's going on. If you're familiar with other Python web frameworks, that shouldn't affect your understanding. Notice that the webapp2 web framework can be used outside of Google App Engine.

Further info

This Stack Overflow answer is a good source of inspiration. It uses the same set of technologies to "ajaxify" vote ups/downs found on sites such as reddit. However this example is more intricate and involves a lot more code, as database models are needed in this specific case.