What is Blynk?

Blynk is a platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, ESP8266, Raspberry Pi and the likes over the Internet.
You can easily build graphic interfaces for all your projects by simply dragging and dropping widgets. If you need more information, please follow these links:

Content

Download
Requirements
Quick Local Server setup
Enabling mail on Local server
Quick local server setup on Raspberry PI
Docker container setup
Enabling server auto restart on unix-like systems
Enabling server auto restart on Windows
Update instruction for unix-like systems
Update instruction for Windows
App and sketch changes for Local Server
Advanced local server setup
Administration UI
HTTP/S RESTful API
Enabling sms on local server
Enabling raw data storage
Automatic Let's Encrypt Certificates
Manual Let's Encrypt SSL/TLS Certificates
Generate own SSL certificates
Install java for Ubuntu
How Blynk Works?
Blynk Protocol

GETTING STARTED

Blynk server

Blynk Server is an Open-Source Netty based Java server, responsible for forwarding messages between Blynk mobile application and various microcontroller boards and SBCs (i.e. Arduino, Raspberry Pi. etc).

Download latest server build here.

Requirements

Java 8/11 required (OpenJDK, Oracle)
Any OS that can run java
At least 30 MB of RAM (could be less with tuning)
Open ports 9443 (for app and hardware with ssl), 8080 (for hardware without ssl)

Ubuntu java installation instruction.

For Windows download Java here and install.

Quick local server setup

Make sure you are using Java 11

  java -version
  Output: java version "11"

Run the server on default 'hardware port 8080' and default 'application port 9443' (SSL port)
```
  java -jar server-0.41.8.jar -dataFolder /path
```

That's it!

NOTE: /path should be real existing path to folder where you want to store all your data.

As an output you should see something like that:

  Blynk Server successfully started.
  All server output is stored in current folder in 'logs/blynk.log' file.

Enabling mail on Local server

To enable mail notifications on Local server you need to provide your own mail credentials. Create file mail.properties within same folder where server.jar is. Mail properties:

    mail.smtp.auth=true
    mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
    mail.smtp.host=smtp.gmail.com
    mail.smtp.port=587
    mail.smtp.username=YOUR_EMAIL_HERE
    mail.smtp.password=YOUR_EMAIL_PASS_HERE

Find example here.

WARNING : only gmail accounts are allowed.

NOTE : you'll need to setup Gmail to allow less secured applications. Go here and then click "Allow less secure apps".

Quick local server setup on Raspberry PI

Install java 8:

  sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-jdk

Make sure you are using Java 8

  java -version
  Output: java version "1.8"

Download Blynk server jar file (or manually copy it to Raspberry Pi via ssh and scp command):

  wget "https://github.com/blynkkk/blynk-server/releases/download/v0.41.8/server-0.41.8-java8.jar"

Run the server on default 'hardware port 8080' and default 'application port 9443' (SSL port)
```
  java -jar server-0.41.8-java8.jar -dataFolder /home/pi/Blynk
```

That's it!

As output you will see something like that:

  Blynk Server successfully started.
  All server output is stored in current folder in 'logs/blynk.log' file.

Docker container setup

Quick Launch

Install Docker

Run Docker container

  docker run -p 8080:8080 -p 9443:9443 mpherg/blynk-server

Full customisation

Check README in docker folder

Enabling server auto restart on unix-like systems

To enable server auto restart find /etc/rc.local file and add:

  java -jar /home/pi/server-0.41.8-java8.jar -dataFolder /home/pi/Blynk &

Or if the approach above doesn't work, execute
```
  crontab -e
```

add the following line

    @reboot java -jar /home/pi/server-0.41.8-java8.jar -dataFolder /home/pi/Blynk &

save and exit.

Enabling server auto restart on Windows

Create bat file:
```
  start-blynk.bat
```

Put in it one line:

  java -jar server-0.41.8.jar -dataFolder /home/pi/Blynk

Put bat file to windows startup folder

You can also use this script to run server.

Update instruction for unix-like systems

IMPORTANT Server should be always updated before you update Blynk App. To update your server to a newer version you would need to kill old process and start a new one.

Find process id of Blynk server
```
  ps -aux | grep java
```

You should see something like that

  username   10539  1.0 12.1 3325808 428948 pts/76 Sl   Jan22   9:11 java -jar server-0.41.8.jar

Kill the old process
```
  kill 10539
```

10539 - blynk server process id from command output above.

Start new server as usual

After this steps you can update Blynk app. Server version downgrade is not supported.

WARNING! Please do not revert your server to lower versions. You may loose all of your data.

Update instruction for Windows

Open Task Manager;
Find Java process;
Stop process;
Start new server as usual

App and sketch changes

Specify custom server path in your application

Change your ethernet sketch from

Blynk.begin(auth);

Blynk.begin(auth, "your_host", 8080);

or to

Blynk.begin(auth, IPAddress(xxx,xxx,xxx,xxx), 8080);

Change your WIFI sketch from

Blynk.begin(auth, SSID, pass));

Blynk.begin(auth, SSID, pass, "your_host", 8080);

or to

Blynk.begin(auth, SSID, pass, IPAddress(XXX,XXX,XXX,XXX), 8080);

Change your rasp PI javascript from

var blynk = new Blynk.Blynk(AUTH, options = {connector : new Blynk.TcpClient()});

var blynk = new Blynk.Blynk(AUTH, options= {addr:"xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", port:8080});

or in case of USB when running blynk-ser.sh provide '-s' option with address of your local server
```
  ./blynk-ser.sh -s you_host_or_IP
```

IMPORTANT Blynk is being constantly developed. Mobile apps and server are updated often. To avoid problems during updates either turn off auto-update for Blynk app, or update both local server and blynk app at same time to avoid possible migration issues.

IMPORTANT Blynk local server is different from Blynk Cloud server. They are not related at all. You have to create new account when using Blynk local server.

Advanced local server setup

For more flexibility you can extend server with more options by creating server.properties file in same folder as server.jar. Example could be found here. You could also specify any path to server.properties file via command line argument -serverConfig. You can do the same with mail.properties via -mailConfig and sms.properties via -smsConfig.

For example:

java -jar server-0.41.8-java8.jar -dataFolder /home/pi/Blynk -serverConfig /home/pi/someFolder/server.properties

Available server options:

Blynk app, https, web sockets, admin port
```
  https.port=9443
```
Http, hardware and web sockets port
```
  http.port=8080
```
For simplicity Blynk already provides server jar with built in SSL certificates, so you have working server out of the box via SSL/TLS sockets. But as certificate and it's private key are in public this is totally not secure. So in order to fix that you need to provide your own certificates. And change below properties with path to your cert. and private key and it's password. See how to generate self-signed certificates here
```
  #points to cert and key that placed in same folder as running jar.
  
  server.ssl.cert=./server_embedded.crt
  server.ssl.key=./server_embedded.pem
  server.ssl.key.pass=pupkin123
```
User profiles folder. Folder in which all users profiles will be stored. By default System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")/blynk used. Will be created if not exists
```
  data.folder=/tmp/blynk
```
Folder for all application logs. Will be created if it doesn't exist. "." is dir from which you are running script.
```
  logs.folder=./logs
```
Log debug level. Possible values: trace|debug|info|error. Defines how precise logging will be. From left to right -> maximum logging to minimum
```
  log.level=trace
```
Maximum allowed number of user dashboards.
```
  user.dashboard.max.limit=100
```
100 Req/sec rate limit per user. You also may want to extend this limit on hardware side.
```
  user.message.quota.limit=100
```
this setting defines how often you can send mail/tweet/push or any other notification. Specified in seconds
```
  notifications.frequency.user.quota.limit=60
```
Maximum allowed user profile size. In Kb's.
```
  user.profile.max.size=128
```
Number of strings to store in terminal widget (terminal history data)
```
  terminal.strings.pool.size=25
```
Maximum allowed number of notification queue. Queue responsible for processing email, pushes, twits sending. Because of performance issue - those queue is processed in separate thread, this is required due to blocking nature of all above operations. Usually limit shouldn't be reached
```
  notifications.queue.limit=5000
```
Number of threads for performing blocking operations - push, twits, emails, db queries. Recommended to hold this value low unless you have to perform a lot of blocking operations.
```
  blocking.processor.thread.pool.limit=6
```
Period for flushing all user DB to disk. In millis
```
  profile.save.worker.period=60000
```
Specifies maximum period of time when hardware socket could be idle. After which socket will be closed due to non activity. In seconds. Leave it empty for infinity timeout
```
  hard.socket.idle.timeout=15
```
Mostly required for local servers setup in case user want to log raw data in CSV format. See [raw data] (#raw-data-storage) section for more info.
```
  enable.raw.data.store=true
```
Url for opening admin page. Must start from "/". For "/admin" url path will look like that "https://127.0.0.1:9443/admin".
```
  admin.rootPath=/admin
```
Comma separated list of administrator IPs. Allow access to admin UI only for those IPs. You may set it for 0.0.0.0/0 to allow access for all. You may use CIDR notation. For instance, 192.168.0.53/24.
```
  allowed.administrator.ips=0.0.0.0/0
```
Default admin name and password. Will be created on initial server start
```
  admin.email=admin@blynk.cc
  admin.pass=admin
```
Host for reset password redirect and certificate generation. By default current server IP is taken from "eth" network interface. Could be replaced with more friendly hostname. It is recommended to override this property with your server IP to avoid possible problems of host resolving.
```
  server.host=blynk-cloud.com
```
Email used for certificate registration, could be omitted in case you already specified it in mail.properties.
```
  contact.email=pupkin@gmail.com
```

Administration UI

Blynk server provides administration panel where you can monitor your server. It is accessible at this URL:

    https://your_ip:9443/admin

WARNING Please change default admin password and name right after login to admin page. THIS IS SECURITY MEASURE.

WARNING Default allowed.administrator.ips setting allows access for everyone. In other words, administration page available from any other computer. Please restrict access to it via property allowed.administrator.ips.

Turn off chrome https warning on localhost

Paste in chrome

  chrome://flags/#allow-insecure-localhost

You should see highlighted text saying: "Allow invalid certificates for resources loaded from localhost". Click enable.

HTTP/S RESTful

Blynk HTTP/S RESTful API allows to easily read and write values to/from Pins in Blynk apps and Hardware. Http API description could be found here.

Enabling sms on local server

To enable SMS notifications on Local Server you need to provide credentials for SMS gateway (currently Blynk server supports only 1 provider - Nexmo. You need to create file sms.properties within same folder where server.jar is.

    nexmo.api.key=
    nexmo.api.secret=

And fill in the above properties with the credentials you'll get from Nexmo. (Account -> Settings -> API settings). You can also send SMS over email if your cell provider supports that. See discussion for more details.

Enabling raw data storage

By default raw data storage is disabled (as it consumes disk space a lot). When you enable it, every Blynk.virtualWrite command will be saved to DB. You will need to install PostgreSQL Database (minimum required version is 9.5) to enable this functionality:

1. Enabling raw data on server

Enable raw data in server.properties :

    enable.db=true
    enable.raw.db.data.store=true

2. Install PostgreSQL. Option A

    sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
    wget -q https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc -O - | sudo apt-key add -
    
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

2. Install PostgreSQL. Option B

    sudo apt-get update
    apt-get --no-install-recommends install postgresql-9.6 postgresql-contrib-9.6

3. Download Blynk DB script

    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/blynkkk/blynk-server/master/server/core/src/main/resources/create_schema.sql
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/blynkkk/blynk-server/master/server/core/src/main/resources/reporting_schema.sql

4. Move create_schema.sql and reporting_schema.sql to temp folder (to avoid permission problems)

    mv create_schema.sql /tmp
    mv reporting_schema.sql /tmp

Result:

    /tmp/create_schema.sql
    /tmp/reporting_schema.sql

Copy it to clipboard from your console.

5. Connect to PostgreSQL

    sudo su - postgres
    psql

6. Create Blynk DB and Reporting DB, test user and tables

    \i /tmp/create_schema.sql
    \i /tmp/reporting_schema.sql

/tmp/create_schema.sql - is path from step 4.

You should see next output:

    postgres=# \i /tmp/create_schema.sql
    CREATE DATABASE
    You are now connected to database "blynk" as user "postgres".
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE TABLE
    CREATE ROLE
    GRANT
    GRANT

Quit

\q

Now start your server and you should see next text in postgres.log file :

    2017-03-02 16:17:18.367 - DB url : jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/blynk?tcpKeepAlive=true&socketTimeout=150
    2017-03-02 16:17:18.367 - DB user : test
    2017-03-02 16:17:18.367 - Connecting to DB...
    2017-03-02 16:17:18.455 - Connected to database successfully.

WARNING: Raw data may consume your disk space very quickly!

CSV data format

Data format is:

    value,timestamp,deviceId

For example:

    10,1438022081332,0

Where 10 - value of pin. 1438022081332 - the difference, measured in milliseconds, between the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC. To display the date/time in excel you may use formula:

    =((COLUMN/(60*60*24)/1000+25569))

0 - device id

Automatic Let's Encrypt certificates generation

Latest Blynk server has super cool feature - automatic Let's Encrypt certificates generation. However, it has few requirements:

Add server.host property in server.properties file. For example :
```
  server.host=myhost.com
```

IP is not supported, this is the limitation of Let's Encrypt. Also have in mind that myhost.com should be resolved by public DNS severs.

Add contact.email property in server.properties. For example :
```
  contact.email=test@gmail.com
```
You need to start server on port 80 (requires root or admin rights) or make port forwarding to default Blynk HTTP port - 8080.

That's it! Run server as regular and certificates will be generated automatically.

Manual Let's Encrypt SSL/TLS Certificates

First install certbot on your server (machine where you going to run Blynk Server)
```
  wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
  chmod a+x certbot-auto
```
Generate and verify certificates (your server should be connected to internet and have open 80/443 ports)
```
  ./certbot-auto certonly --agree-tos --email YOUR_EMAIL --standalone -d YOUR_HOST
```

For example

    ./certbot-auto certonly --agree-tos --email pupkin@blynk.cc --standalone -d blynk.cc

Then add to your server.properties file (in folder with server.jar)

  server.ssl.cert=/etc/letsencrypt/live/YOUR_HOST/fullchain.pem
  server.ssl.key=/etc/letsencrypt/live/YOUR_HOST/privkey.pem
  server.ssl.key.pass=

Generate own SSL certificates

Generate self-signed certificate and key

  openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 1825 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt

Convert server.key to PKCS#8 private key file in PEM format

  openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -outform PEM -in server.key -out server.pem

If you connect hardware with USB script you have to provide an option '-s' pointing to "common name" (hostname) you did specified during certificate generation.

As an output you'll retrieve server.crt and server.pem files that you need to provide for server.ssl properties.

Install java for Ubuntu

    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa \
    && sudo apt-get update -q \
    && sudo apt install -y openjdk-11-jdk

or if above doesn't work:

    sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Port forwarding for HTTP/S API

    sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080
    sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-port 9443

Enabling QR generation on server

    sudo apt-get install libxrender1

Behind wifi router

If you want to run Blynk server behind WiFi-router and want it to be accessible from the Internet, you have to add port-forwarding rule on your router. This is required in order to forward all of the requests that come to the router within the local network to Blynk server.

How to build

Blynk has a bunch of integration tests that require DB, so you have to skip tests during build.

    mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

How Blynk Works?

When hardware connects to Blynk cloud it opens either keep-alive ssl/tls connection on port 443 (9443 for local servers) or keep-alive plain tcp/ip connection on port 8080. Blynk app opens mutual ssl/tls connection to Blynk Cloud on port 443 (9443 for local servers). Blynk Cloud is responsible for forwarding messages between hardware and app. In both (app and hardware) connections Blynk uses own binary protocol described below.

Blynk protocol

Hardware side protocol

Blynk transfers binary messages between the server and the hardware with the following structure:

Command	Message Id	Length/Status	Body
1 byte	2 bytes	2 bytes	Variable

Command and Status definitions: BlynkProtocolDefs.h

Mobile app side protocol

Blynk transfers binary messages between the server and mobile app with the following structure:

Command	Message Id	Length/Status	Body
1 byte	2 bytes	4 bytes	Variable

Websockets web side protocol

Blynk transfers binary messages between the server and websockets (for web) with the following structure:

Websocket header	Command	Message Id	Body
	1 byte	2 bytes	Variable

When command code == 0, than message structure is next:

Websocket header	Command	Message Id	Response code
	1 byte	2 bytes	4 bytes

Possible response codes. Possible command codes

Message Id and Length are big endian. Body has a command-specific format.

Licensing

GNU GPL license

liwlin/blynk-server