傻瓜文档 test test1 test2 test3 test4
Ansible
Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统，部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务，例如持续部署或零停机滚动更新。 Ansible的主要目标是简单易用。它还非常注重安全性和可靠性，具有最少的移动部件，使用OpenSSH进行传输（使用其他传输和拉动模式作为替代方案），以及围绕人类可审计性设计的语言 - 即使是那些不熟悉的人该程序。
1. 安装
yum install ansible || apt-get install ansible
2. 基础用法
ansible -i hosts(-i指定hosts文件路径) all(all表示hosts文件所有主机 可以分组执行) -m shell(-m 指定模块) -a "echo demo"(具体执行的命令)
2.1. 准备ansible hosts文件
[devuser@node02 demo]$ cat hosts
10.1.0.2 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.3 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.5 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.6 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.7 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.9 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
第一列为需要远程主机IP。
第二列为远程使用的用户。
第三列为远程用户的密码。
ansible是通过ssh远程主机。认证方式 1.密码认证 2.密钥认证 本次演示使用密码认证。
2.2. 查看hosts文件中所有机器内存使用情况。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "free -h"
10.1.0.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 2.7G 1.6G 2.5M 3.4G 4.6G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 2.5G 3.0G 2.4M 2.2G 4.8G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 4.4G 160M 2.7M 3.1G 2.8G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 2.4G 3.4G 2.6M 1.8G 4.8G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 1.6G 3.6G 3.3M 2.5G 5.6G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.9 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 3.4G 141M 2.2M 4.1G 3.9G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
2.3. 将本地1.txt文件拷贝到远程主机devuser用户的家目录。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts all -m copy -a "src=1.txt dest=/home/devuser/"
10.1.0.5 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154182.27-122234934217791/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
10.1.0.3 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154182.26-186234237051351/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
10.1.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154182.29-15280594574344/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
10.1.0.2 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154182.24-256472349789830/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
10.1.0.6 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154182.29-138161275507008/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
10.1.0.9 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "4e1243bd22c66e76c2ba9eddc1f91394e57f9f83",
"dest": "/home/devuser/1.txt",
"gid": 2047,
"group": "devuser",
"md5sum": "d8e8fca2dc0f896fd7cb4cb0031ba249",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "devuser",
"size": 5,
"src": "/home/devuser/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1534154183.42-19923589709942/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 2047
}
2.4. 查看2.3中拷贝的1.txt文件。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "ls /home/devuser/ && cat /home/devuser/1.txt"
10.1.0.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
10.1.0.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
10.1.0.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
10.1.0.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
10.1.0.2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
10.1.0.9 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
1.txt
test
2.5. 删除2.3中拷贝的1.txt文件。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "rm -f /home/devuser/1.txt"
10.1.0.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10.1.0.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10.1.0.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10.1.0.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10.1.0.2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
10.1.0.9 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
2.6. 验证删除。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts all -m shell -a "cat /home/devuser/1.txt"
10.1.0.5 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
10.1.0.3 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
10.1.0.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
10.1.0.6 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
10.1.0.2 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
10.1.0.9 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat: /home/devuser/1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code
2.7. 分组执行
[devuser@node02 demo]$ cat hosts
[group1]
10.1.0.2 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.3 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.5 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
[group2]
10.1.0.6 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.7 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
10.1.0.9 ansible_ssh_user=devuser ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxx
2.8. 查看group1中主机内存使用情况。
[devuser@node02 demo]$ ansible -i hosts group1 -m shell -a "free -h"
10.1.0.3 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 4.4G 166M 2.7M 3.0G 2.8G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.5 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 2.5G 2.9G 2.4M 2.3G 4.8G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
10.1.0.2 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7.6G 2.6G 3.1G 2.6M 1.9G 4.7G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
3. 高级用法
请参考 https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks.html