logic-and-learning-lab/Popper

<block>:3:1-19: error: unsafe variables in: head_pred(Stop,1):-[#inc_bias].

Closed this issue · 4 comments

Jaraxxus-Me commented

Hi,
Thanks for this great work!
I'm trying to use Popper in my custom domain.
Specifically, I'm trying to induce rules about the actions of some agents and their relationships.
I start by providing the bias.pl, bk.pl, and exs.pl files.
The bias.pl looks like:

%% domain ontology
head_pred(Stop,1).
body_pred(IsPedestrian,1).
body_pred(IsCar,1).
body_pred(IsAmbulance,1).
body_pred(IsBus,1).
body_pred(IsPolice,1).
body_pred(IsTiro,1).
body_pred(IsReckless,1).
body_pred(IsOld,1).
body_pred(IsYoung,1).
body_pred(IsAtInter,1).
body_pred(IsInInter,1).
body_pred(IsClose,2).
body_pred(HigherPri,2).
body_pred(CollidingClose,2).
body_pred(LeftOf,2).
body_pred(RightOf,2).
body_pred(NextTo,2).
body_pred(See,2).

When I run the popper.py, I got the error message:

<block>:3:1-19: error: unsafe variables in:
  head_pred(Stop,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:3:11-15: note: 'Stop' is unsafe

<block>:4:1-27: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsPedestrian,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:4:11-23: note: 'IsPedestrian' is unsafe

<block>:5:1-20: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsCar,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:5:11-16: note: 'IsCar' is unsafe

<block>:6:1-26: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsAmbulance,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:6:11-22: note: 'IsAmbulance' is unsafe

<block>:7:1-20: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsBus,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:7:11-16: note: 'IsBus' is unsafe

<block>:8:1-23: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsPolice,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:8:11-19: note: 'IsPolice' is unsafe

<block>:9:1-21: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsTiro,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:9:11-17: note: 'IsTiro' is unsafe

<block>:10:1-25: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsReckless,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:10:11-21: note: 'IsReckless' is unsafe

<block>:11:1-20: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsOld,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:11:11-16: note: 'IsOld' is unsafe

<block>:12:1-22: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsYoung,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:12:11-18: note: 'IsYoung' is unsafe

<block>:13:1-24: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsAtInter,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:13:11-20: note: 'IsAtInter' is unsafe

<block>:14:1-24: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsInInter,1):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:14:11-20: note: 'IsInInter' is unsafe

<block>:15:1-22: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(IsClose,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:15:11-18: note: 'IsClose' is unsafe

<block>:16:1-24: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(HigherPri,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:16:11-20: note: 'HigherPri' is unsafe

<block>:17:1-29: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(CollidingClose,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:17:11-25: note: 'CollidingClose' is unsafe

<block>:18:1-21: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(LeftOf,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:18:11-17: note: 'LeftOf' is unsafe

<block>:19:1-22: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(RightOf,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:19:11-18: note: 'RightOf' is unsafe

<block>:20:1-21: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(NextTo,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:20:11-17: note: 'NextTo' is unsafe

<block>:21:1-18: error: unsafe variables in:
  body_pred(See,2):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:21:11-14: note: 'See' is unsafe

<block>:23:1-21: error: unsafe variables in:
  type(Stop,(state,)):-[#inc_bias].
<block>:23:6-10: note: 'Stop' is unsafe

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/airlabbw/ext/Popper/popper.py", line 7, in <module>
    settings = Settings(cmd_line=True)
  File "/home/airlabbw/ext/Popper/popper/util.py", line 307, in __init__
    solver.ground([('bias', [])])
  File "/home/airlabbw/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/clingo/control.py", line 476, in ground
    _handle_error(
  File "/home/airlabbw/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/clingo/_internal.py", line 75, in _handle_error
    raise RuntimeError(msg)
RuntimeError: grounding stopped because of errors

I'm not sure where is wrong, could you provide some guidance on this? Thanks!

andrewcropper commented
Jaraxxus-Me commented

Thanks for the swift reply!
Lowercase worked!
May I also ask how Popper handles disjunction?
Say, my rule is like:

stop(V0):-(iscar(V0)^colliding(V1))v(iscar(V0)^isatinter(V0)^isininter(V1))

I tried the default parameter, but can't find a solution. Not sure if this is because I didn't enable disjunction.

andrewcropper commented

Popper will learn two rules, which form a disjunction:

stop(V0):-iscar(V0),colliding(V1).
stop(V0):-iscar(V0),isatinter(V0),isininter(V1).
Jaraxxus-Me commented

I see, thanks for the clarification.
I find the outputs are:

16:46:21 Generating programs of size: 2
16:46:21 Generating programs of size: 3
16:46:21 Generating programs of size: 4
16:46:23 Generating programs of size: 5
NO SOLUTION
Num. programs: 55806
Test:
        Called: 55806 times      Total: 16.28    Mean: 0.0003    Max: 0.053      Percentage: 58%
Constrain:
        Called: 55806 times      Total: 5.45     Mean: 0.0001    Max: 0.525      Percentage: 19%
Generate:
        Called: 55807 times      Total: 4.11     Mean: 0.0001    Max: 0.026      Percentage: 14%
Load Data:
        Called: 1 times          Total: 1.77     Mean: 1.7666    Max: 1.767      Percentage: 6%
Init:
        Called: 2 times          Total: 0.01     Mean: 0.0069    Max: 0.014      Percentage: 0%                                                                                                        16:52 20-Mar-24
Total operation time: 27.62s
Total execution time: 28.60s

I have changed the default arguments MAX_VARS=3, MAX_BODY=4, in this case, what does the "program size" mean? Does it mean the number of rules that form a disjunction?