Docker FAQ

What is Docker?

Docker is a container management platform for automating deployments of re-usable environemnets. https://towardsdatascience.com/learn-enough-docker-to-be-useful-b7ba70caeb4b

What are Containers? Containers vs VM

Containers are a type of virtualization. They virtualize environments at the operating system level by sharing the base libraries. This removes the need for boot drives and hardware interfaces for each environment. This makes a container use much less resources than a virtual machine (VM) which can make environments more efficient because lack of duplication of resources.

Why Docker?

Using Docker we can keep a fresh deployment of our Hadoop/Jupyter/Spark environment readily avaliable. Taking around 2 minutes to remove and launch a new environment with the same initial configuration everytime.

Installing Docker

Download Docker Community Edition from Docker

Pull the Class Image

# Hadoop Environment
docker pull w261/w261-environment

Things to know

In the container for W261 we use docker-compose to build our container. This yaml will be used for HW1 and HW2.

version: '3'
services:
  quickstart.cloudera:
    image: w261/w261-environment:latest
    hostname: docker.w261
    privileged: true
    command: bash -c "/root/start-notebook.sh;/usr/bin/docker-quickstart"
    ports:
      - "8888:8888"   # Hue server
      - "8889:8889"   # jupyter
      - "10020:10020" # mapreduce job history server
      - "8022:22"     # ssh
      - "7180:7180"   # Cloudera Manager
      - "11000:11000" # Oozie
      - "50070:50070" # HDFS REST Namenode
      - "50075:50075" # HDFS REST Datanode
      - "8088:8088"   # yarn resource manager webapp address
      - "19888:19888" # mapreduce job history webapp address
      - "8983:8983"   # Solr console
      - "8032:8032"   # yarn resource manager access
      - "8042:8042"   # yarn node manager
      - "60010:60010" # hbase
      - "8080:8080"   # Hadoop Job Tracker
    tty: true
    stdin_open: true
    volumes: 
      - .:/media/notebooks

version: this item says use v2 syntax
services: list of containers
- quickstart.cloudera: the name of a container, the label being quickstart.cloudera
  - image: use this base container
  - hostname: DNS name for the container
  - privledged: allow access to other machines such as the local machine
  - commands: run this commands on start
  - ports: map ports so that services running on the container are accessible from the local computer
    - remote port:local port
  - tty: allow a shell to be initiated
  - stdin_open: allow interactivity with the shell
  - volumes: location to map from local computer to the docker container so they can share.
    - /local/path:/media/notebook

If we review the bash scripts startup.sh we can see that the jupyter notebook is launched from the /media/notebook directory. This is very important for our deployment.

For HW3 and HW4 we will use this docker-compose.yaml:

version: '3'
services:
  spark:
    image: jupyter/pyspark-notebook
    hostname: docker.w261
    privileged: true
    user: root
    environment:
      - NB_USER=$USER
      - CHOWN_HOME=yes
      - GRANT_SUDO=yes
      - NB_UID=$UID
      - NB_GID=$GID
    command: bash -c "start.sh jupyter lab --ServerApp.token='' --ServerApp.authenticate_prometheus=False --ServerApp.port=8889"
    ports:
      - "8889:8889"
      - "4040:4040"
    tty: true
    stdin_open: true
    volumes:
      - .:/home/$USER

[This only apply to linux-based systems] If you are planning to use this locally, copy the yaml text from above into temp-docker.yaml, then inject the environment variables with the following commands:

#IF YOU DON'T HAVE UID OR GID ENV VARS, RUN THIS COMMAND. SKIP OTHERWISE.
export $(id | cut -d ' ' -f 1,2 | sed -e 's/([^()]*)//g' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]')

eval "echo \"$(sed 's/"/\\"/g' temp-docker.yaml)\"" > docker-compose.yaml

#SAFELY REMOVE TEMP YAML
rm temp-docker.yaml

How to Use

Install Docker (Restart as needed)
Go to your class repo folder on your computer
Run docker-compose up
Open your browser and go to localhost:8889

General Issues

Using python packages against HDFS

Add the following parameter to Map Reduce Streaming commands: -cmdenv PATH=/opt/anaconda/bin:$PATH

Hostname mapping

Apply the docker.w261 alias for 127.0.0.1 aka localhost

Linux & Mac
1. Open Terminal
2. Open hostfile by running sudo nano /etc/hosts
3. Append the following line, then save: 127.0.0.1 docker.w261
4. Refresh DNS with sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
Windows:
1. Open notepad as administrator (otherwise you'll not be able to save the file)
2. Open C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts in notepad. Note the file has no extension
3. Append the following line, then save: 127.0.0.1 docker.w261
4. Refresh DNS by running ipconfig /flushdns in command prompt or powershell

Note on Windows:

On win10, the hosts file is read only and can not be edited directly There are 2 methods to edit it in this case, 1) change the file to read/write and edit or 2) make a copy of the hosts file, move original out of way, then copy edited file to correct folder. Either method should work. https://superuser.com/questions/958991/windows-10-cant-edit-hosts-file

Minimum System Requirements for MIDS W261 Cloudera Hadoop Container

Docker needs 2 CPUs and 4 GB of RAM to ensure resource managers don't crash during normal operation.

Linux
1. By default Docker shares the same resources as the local computer.
Windows
1. Right click Docker in the notification area
2. Click Settings
3. Click Advanced
4. Slide Memory to 4096 MB
Mac OS
1. Click Docker in the menu bar (near day/time at top-right)
2. Click Preferences
3. Click Advanced
4. Slide Memory to 4096 MB

Using Spark inside the notebook

from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
app_name = "example_notebook"
master = "local[*]"
spark = SparkSession\
        .builder\
        .appName(app_name)\
        .master(master)\
        .getOrCreate()
sc = spark.sparkContext

spark is the general session manager for dataframes and the newer style introduced in Spark 2.0

sc is a Spark context sets up internal services and establishes a connection to a Spark execution environment.

Linux Issues

Windows Issues

Running Docker in WSL: https://github.com/UCB-w261/w261-environment/wiki/Linux-on-Windows
See the wiki for common issues: https://github.com/UCB-w261/w261-environment/wiki/Troubleshooting-Docker

Minimum OS requirement

Windows 10 Pro/Education is required to run Docker on Windows. A free license of Windows 10 Education is avaliable to all students through UCB Software Central
See the wiki for common issues and solutions: https://github.com/UCB-w261/w261-environment/wiki/Troubleshooting-Docker

Mac Issues

Macs require a computer capable of virtualization to test this run sysctl kern.hv_support in a terminal.
- If 1 then good to go
- If 0 then you need a new computer

m-chau/w261-environment