Linux Stuff

Table of Contents

acme.sh and acme-dns Scripts
- Convert LE Account Data from Certbot to acme.sh/acme-dns
Locales for International Work (ISO dates, 24h clock, etc.)
- Additional Locales on Debian/Ubuntu
- Additional Locales on Alpine

acme.sh and acme-dns Scripts

Convert LE Account Data from Certbot to acme.sh/acme-dns

The script convert-certbot-le-account-to-acme.sh reads the Let’s Encrypt account data from certbot and converts it for acme.sh and/or acme-dns. The script itself is based on Python 3 and creates a Python virtual environment in its directory to avoid messing up the system’s environment with the required Python packages.

Usage: convert-certbot-le-account-to-acme.sh [-h] -i CERTBOT_ACCOUNT_DIR [-o1 ACME_SH_CA_DIR] [-o2 ACME_DNS_ACME_DIR]
The script also works if either the input dir is not an actual cerbot account directory (/etc/letsencrypt/<server>/directory/<certbot id = md5 of public key>/) and/or the ouptut directory is not an acme.sh ca directory and/or the ouptut directory is not an acme-dns acme directory. Then it will just use the directories as-is and will not do extra checks on the input or create the output directory structure for acme.sh/acme-dns.

Locales for International Work (ISO dates, 24h clock, etc.)

Most people that work internationally prefer to use English, but also ISO dates, 24h clocks and more. Unfortunately there is no locale that provides all of these at once.
Under locales are some locales with modifier @INTL that provide these. They are based on the glibc definitions.
glibc/XPG naming conversion for locales: language[_territory][.codeset][@modifier]

de_DE.UTF-8@INTL
en_DE.UTF-8
en_DE.UTF-8@INTL
en_GB.UTF-8@INTL
en_US.UTF-8@INTL

INTL definitions:

LC_TIME
- ISO date format YYYY-MM-DD
- 24h clock, but still supporting %r for AM/PM display
- Display time zone
- Week starts on Monday (like GB, sunday is part of the weekend)
  - glibc: The glibc Wiki for LC_TIME says that week’s WEEKSTARTDATE can be based on Monday, but that does not work for abday/day yet (<=2.36). Follow the compatibility path mentioned on the Wiki, although ISO 8601 specifies Monday to be 1 and not 2 and glibc’s i18n tries to achive this.
LC_NUMERIC, but also for LC_CURRENCY
- decimal separator , (comma), thousands separator . (dot)
LC_MEASUREMENT
- metric systems
LC_PAPER
- A4

Table 1. A What to modify for @INTL and en_XX for non-english territories

Type	i18n	en_US	en_GB	de_DE	@INTL	en_DE	en_DE@INTL
LC_CTYPE	i18n_ctype+translit_neutral	i18n+translit_combining	← en_US	i18n+translit_combining+extra	copy origin	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_COLLATE	extra+iso14651_t1	iso14651_t1	iso14651_t1	iso14651_t1	copy origin	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_MONETARY	XDR	USD	GBP	EUR	adapt/copy	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_NUMERIC	comma, none, -1	dot, comma, 3	dot, comma, 3	comma, dot, 3	adapt/copy	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_TIME	No texts, ISO Date (imperfect)	mm/dd/yyyy, 12h	dd/mm/yyyy, 12h	dd.mm.yyyy, 24h	adapt	adapt	copy en_US@INTL
LC_MESSAGES	"^[+1]"/"[-0]"	yes/no	← en_US	ja/nein	copy origin	copy en_US	copy en_US
LC_PAPER	A4	Letter	i18n	i18n	copy i18n	copy de_DE	copy i18n
LC_NAME	No texts	Texts, %d%t%g%t%m%t%f	← en_US	Texts, %d%t%g%t%m%t%f	copy origin	copy en_US	copy en_US
LC_ADDRESS	only postal_format	US+language	GB+language	DE+language	copy origin	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_TELEPHONE	generic format	country code	country code	country code	copy origin	copy de_DE	copy de_DE
LC_MEASUREMENT	1	2	i18n	i18n	copy i18n	copy de_DE	copy i18n

Additional Locales on Debian/Ubuntu

Standard library: glibc
Copy additional locales to /usr/local/share/i18n/locales/
Create list of additional locales with their charmap in file /usr/local/share/i18n/SUPPORTED, e.g. en_US.UTF-8@INTL UTF-8
Run dpkg-reconfigure locales and select all possible locales for the machine. (modifies /etc/locale.gen and /etc/default/locale)
Related bugs still available in Debian 12 "Bookworm" (as of 2024-03)
- Locales Cannot Copy from Locales in /usr/local/share/i18n/locales
- Updating /etc/default/locale doesn’t update debconf selections during dpkg-reconfigure

Additional Locales on Alpine

Standard library: musl
musl has only limited suppport for locales, and specifying locales is tedious.
Status: not relevant for my docker images