A Nonlinear Beamforming for Enhanced Spatiotemporal Sensitivity in High Frame Rate Ultrasound Flow Imaging
Repository to share scripts and functions for Nonlinear Beamforming for Ultrasound Flow Imaging. All functions are usable with agreement from their owner.
A. N. Madhavanunni and Mahesh Raveendranatha Panicker
Center for Computational Imaging, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India.
Please follow the below instructions to run the code.
- Download the source_code and data folder from the repository
- Please note that the source code has the following dependencies:
(a) MUST Toolbox (ver.2.0): used for robust smoothing and vector flow visualisation
(b) Time-Frequency Toolbox (tftb-ver.0.2): used to obtain localised time-frequency plots of the beamformed signal
(c) The show_Figure6.m uses tiledlayout and requires MATLAB 2019b or higher for its execution - Download the MUST toolbox, Time-Frequency Toolbox and place it in source_code/lib/
- Set appropriate values for bfParams.beamApod and bfParams.DMAS in mainCode_expPWIdisc.m and run the same. Please ensure that the paths provided in mainCode_expPWIdisc.m is valid.
- The show_Figure3.m should be executed only after executing mainCode_expPWIdisc.m with saveEnable set to 1.
Code Available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) (see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Please see the articles mentioned in Academic references and Acknowledgements that are to be cited for any usage of the code and/or data.
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Details of nonlinear beamforming is available in the article by A. N. Madhavanunni and Mahesh Raveendranatha Panicker
A Nonlinear Beamforming for Enhanced Spatiotemporal Sensitivity in High Frame Rate Ultrasound Flow Imaging. Computers in Biology and Medicine, (2022): 105686.
Video results are available at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLiuuVhVNWBZSYikqhd20FsVr8NTKRlZ4F -
More details of dual apodization applied to vector flow imaging is available in the following article:
A. N. Madhavanunni and Mahesh Raveendranatha Panicker, Directional Beam Focusing Based Dual Apodization Approach for Improved Vector Flow Imaging. IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Iowa, USA, 2020. -
Description of the triangulation based single transmit dual angle multi-receive scheme for velocity estimation is available in the following article:
A. N. Madhavanunni and Mahesh Raveendranatha Panicker, Triangulation based vector flow imaging with non-steered plane waves for transverse flows. Medical Imaging 2020: Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography. Vol. 11319. International Society for Optics and Photonics, Houston, USA, 2020
MUST Toolbox for the in-vitro rotating disk dataset, robust smoothing (smoothn function) and vector flow visualisation (vplot function):
- Damien Garcia. Make the most of MUST, an open-source Matlab UltraSound Toolbox. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS, 2021.
- Craig Madiena, Julia Faurie, Jonathan Poree, and Damien Garcia., Color and Vector Flow Imaging in Parallel Ultrasound with Sub-Nyquist Sampling. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 65(5):795–802, 2018.
- Garcia D. Robust smoothing of gridded data in one and higher dimensions with missing values. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 2010; 54:1167-1178.
- Garcia D. A fast all-in-one method for automated post-processing of PIV data. Exp Fluids 2011; 50:1247-1259.
Time-Frequency Toolbox for the localized time-frequency plots using reassigned pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (RPWVD) method (tfrrpwv function in the toolbox)
- Franqois Auger and Patrick Flandrin. Improving the Readability of Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Representations by the Reassignment Method. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 43(5), 1995.