This repository is a community-curated list of flexbox issues and cross-browser workarounds for them. The goal is that if you're building a website using flexbox and something isn't working as you'd expect, you can find the solution here.
As the spec continues to evolve and vendors nail down their implementations, this repo will be updated with newly discovered issues and remove old issues as they're fixed or become obsolete. If you discover a bug that's not listed here, please report it so everyone else can benefit.
- Minimum content sizing of flex items not honored
- Column flex items set to
align-items:center
overflow their container min-height
on a column flex container won't apply to its flex itemsflex
shorthand declarations with unitlessflex-basis
values are ignored- Column flex items don't always preserve intrinsic aspect ratios
- The default
flex
value has changed flex-basis
doesn't account forbox-sizing:border-box
flex-basis
doesn't supportcalc()
<button>
elements can't be flex containersalign-items: baseline
doesn't work with nested flex containers- Vertical, percentage-based padding and margins don't work on flex items
Demos | Browsers affected | Tracking bugs |
---|---|---|
1.1.a — bug 1.1.b — workaround 1.2.a — bug 1.2.b — workaround |
Chrome Opera Safari |
Chrome #426898 Firefox #1043520 |
When flex items are too big to fit inside their container, those items are instructed (by the flex layout algorithm) to shrink, proportionally, according to their flex-shrink
property. But contrary to what most browsers allow, they're not supposed to shrink indefinitely. They must always be at least as big as their minimum height or width properties declare, and if no minimum height or width properties are set, their minimum size should be the default minimum size of their content.
According to the current flexbox specification:
By default, flex items won’t shrink below their minimum content size (the length of the longest word or fixed-size element). To change this, set the min-width or min-height property.
The flexbox spec defines an initial flex-shrink
value of 1
but says items should not shrink below their default minimum content size. You can get pretty much this exact same behavior by using a flex-shrink
value of 0
instead of the default 1
. If your element is already being sized based on its children, and it hasn't set a width
, height
, or flex-basis
value, then setting flex-shrink:0
will render it the same way—but it will avoid this bug.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
2.1.a — bug 2.1.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) |
When using align-items:center
on a flex container in the column direction, the contents of flex item, if too big, will overflow their container in IE 10-11.
Most of the time, this can be fixed by simply setting max-width:100%
on the flex item. If the flex item has a padding or border set, you'll also need to make sure to use box-sizing:border-box
to account for that space. If the flex item has a margin, using box-sizing
alone will not work, so you may need to use a container element with padding instead.
Demos | Browsers affected | Tracking bugs |
---|---|---|
3.1.a — bug 3.1.b — workaround 3.2.a — bug |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) | IE #802625 |
In order for flex items to size and position themselves, they need to know how big their containers are. For example, if a flex item is supposed to be vertically centered, it needs to know how tall its parent is. The same is true when flex items are told to grow to fill the remaining empty space.
In IE 10-11, min-height
declarations on flex containers in the column direction work to size the containers themselves, but their flex item children do not seem to know the size of their parents. They act as if no height has been set at all.
By far the most common element to apply min-height
to is the body element, and usually you're setting it to 100%
(or 100vh
). Since the body element will never have any content below it, and since having a vertical scroll bar appear when there's a lot of content on the page is usually the desired behavior, substituting height
for min-height
will almost always work as shown in demo 3.1.b.
There are cases, however, where no good workaround exists. Demo 3.2.a shows a visual design where min-height
is truly needed and a height
substitution will not work. In such cases, you may need to rethink your design or resort to a browser detection hack.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
3.1.a — bug 3.1.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) |
Prior to the release of IE 10, the flexbox spec at the time stated that a flexbox item's preferred size required a unit when using the flex
shorthand:
If the <preferred-size> is ‘0’, it must be specified with a unit (like ‘0px’) to avoid ambiguity; unitless zero will either be interpreted as as one of the flexibilities, or is a syntax error.
This is no longer true in the spec, but IE 10-11 still treat it as true. If you use the declaration flex: 1 0 0
in one of these browsers, it will be an error and the entire rule (including all the flexibility properties) will be ignored.
When using the flex
shorthand, always include a unit in the flex-basis
portion. For example: 1 0 0%
.
Important: using a flex
value of something like 1 0 0px
can still be a problem because many CSS minifiers will convert 0px
to 0
. To avoid this, make sure to use 0%
instead of 0px
since most minifiers won't touch percentage values for other reasons.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
5.1.a — bug 5.1.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) |
The March 2014 spec has the following to say about how size determinations are made for flex items:
On a flex item whose overflow is not visible, this [auto] keyword specifies as the minimum size the smaller of: (a) the min-content size, or (b) the computed width/height, if that value is definite.
Demo 5.1.a contains an image whose height is 200 pixels and whose width is 500 pixels. Its container, however, is only 300 pixels wide, so after the image is scaled to fit into that space, its computed height should only be 120 pixels. The text quoted above does not make it clear as to whether the flex item's min-content size should be based the image's actual height or scaled height.
The most recent spec has resolved this ambiguity in favor of using sizes that will preserve an element's intrinsic aspect ratio.
You can avoid this problem by adding a container element to house the element with the intrinsic aspect ratio. Since doing this causes the element with the intrinsic aspect ratio to no longer be a flex item, it will be sized normally.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
6.1.a — bug 6.1.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10 (fixed in 11) |
When IE 10 was being developed, the March 2012 spec said the initial value for the flex
property was none
, which translates to 0 0 auto
. The most recent spec sets the initial flex
value to the initial values of the individual flexibility properties, which corresponds to initial
or 0 1 auto
. Notice that this means IE 10 uses a different initial flex-shrink
value (technically it was called neg-flex
in the spec at the time) than every other browser. Other browsers (including IE 11) use an initial value of 1
rather than 0
.
If you have to support IE 10, the best solution is to always set an explicit flex-shrink
or flex
value on all of your flex items. Demo 6.1.a shows how not setting any flexibility properties causes an error.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
7.1.a — bug 7.1.b — workaround 7.1.c — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) |
An explicit flex-basis
value (i.e., any value other than auto
) is supposed to act just like width
or height
. It determines the initial size of a flex item and then the other flexibility properties allow it to grow or shrink accordingly.
IE 10-11 always assume a content box model when using flex-basis
to determine a flex item's size, even if that item is set to box-sizing:border-box
. Demo 7.1.a shows that an item with a flex-basis
value of 100%
will overflow its container by the amount of its border plus its padding.
There are two ways to work around this bug. The first requires no additional markup, but the second is slightly more flexible:
- Instead of setting an explicit
flex-basis
value, useauto
, and then set an explicit width or height. Demo 7.1.b shows this. - Use a wrapper element that contains no border or padding so it works with the content box model. Demo 7.1.c show this.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
8.1.a — bug 8.1.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10-11 (fixed in Edge) |
8.2.a — bug 8.2.b — workaround |
Internet Explorer 10 (fixed in 11) |
IE 10-11 ignore calc()
functions used in flex
shorthand declarations. Demo 8.1.a shows flex:0 0 calc(100%/3)
not working in IE.
In IE 10, calc()
functions don't even work in longhand flex-basis
declarations (though this does work in IE 11). Demo 8.2.a shows flex-basis: calc(100%/3)
not working in IE 10.
Since this bug only affects the flex
shorthand declaration in IE 11, an easy workaround (if you only need to support IE 11) is to always specify each flexibility property individually. Demo 8.1.b offers an example of this.
If you need to support IE 10 as well, then you'll need to fall back to setting width
or height
(depending on the container's flex-direction
property). You can do this by setting a flex-basis
value of auto
, which will instruct the browser to use the element's main size property (i.e., its width
or height
). Demo 8.2.b offers an example of this.
Demos | Browsers affected | Tracking bugs |
---|---|---|
9.1.a — bug 9.1.b — workaround |
Firefox | Firefox #984869 |
Unlike <input>
elements of type "button" or "submit", the HTML5 <button>
element can contain child nodes. This allows you to put things other than text (e.g. icons) inside of <button>
elements without having to resort to using semantically incorrect tags like <div>
or <a>
. Firefox, however, does not allow the <button>
element to be a flex container.
The simple solution to this problem is to use a wrapper element inside of the button and apply display:flex
to it. The <button>
can then be styled as normal.
Demos | Browsers affected | Tracking bugs |
---|---|---|
10.1.a — bug 10.1.b — workaround |
Firefox | Firefox #1146442 |
In Firefox, nested flex containers don't contribute to the baseline that other flex items should align themselves to. Demo 10.1.a shows the line on the left incorrectly aligning itself to the second line of text on the right. It should be aligned to the first line of text, which is the inner flex container.
This bug only affects nested containers set to display: flex
. If you set the nested container to display: inline-flex
it works as expected. Note that when using inline-flex
you will probably also need to set the width to 100%
.
Demos | Browsers affected |
---|---|
11.1.a — bug 11.1.b — workaround |
Firefox |
Padding and margins, when set in percentages, are always relative to the parent element's width (not height). This is even true for top and bottom padding and margins. In Firefox, when applying a percentage-based padding or margin to the top or bottom of a flex item, the value computes to zero. Demo 11.1.a shows an example of this.
This bug only affects flex items, so the solution is to apply any vertical padding or margins to an inner wrapper element. Demo 11.1.b shows an example of this.
Flexbugs was created as a follow-up to the article Normalizing Cross-Browser Flexbox Bugs. It's maintained by @philwalton and @gregwhitworth. If you have any questions or would like to get involved, please feel free to reach out to either of us on Twitter.
If you've discovered a flexbox bug or would like to submit a workaround, please open an issue or submit a pull request. Make sure to submit relevant test cases or screenshots and indicate which browsers are affected.