manojbhatt/RESTFUL

Building Restful Webservices

Building Restful Webservices

Banuprakash C

Full Stack Architect,

Co-founder Lucida Technologies Pvt Ltd.,

Corporate Trainer,

Email: banuprakashc@yahoo.co.in

https://www.linkedin.com/in/banu-prakash-50416019/

https://github.com/BanuPrakash/RESTFUL

===================================

Softwares Required:

1. Java 8+ https://www.oracle.com/in/java/technologies/javase/javase-jdk8-downloads.html

2. Eclipse for JEE
   https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/packages/release/2020-03/m1/eclipse-ide-enterprise-java-developers

3. MySQL [ Prefer on Docker]

Install Docker Desktop

Docker steps:

a) docker pull mysql

b) docker run --name local-mysql –p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Welcome123 -d mysql

container name given here is "local-mysql"

For Mac: docker run -p 3306:3306 -d --name local-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Welcome123 mysql

c) CONNECT TO A MYSQL RUNNING CONTAINER:

$ docker exec -t -i <container_name> /bin/bash

d) Run MySQL client:

bash terminal> mysql -u "root" -p

mysql> exit

=======================================

SOLID Design Principles

D ==> Dependency Injection ==> Inversion Of Control

Container ==> Layer on top of JVM with service providers

Web Container / Servlet engine ==> DI only for web related ==> request and response, servletcontext EJB Container ==> SessionBean, EntityBean, MessageBean

Spring Container ==> Lifecycle of bean and wiring lightweight container for building enterprise application ==> provides DI as core module Any object managed by spring container is termed as "bean"

Guice Play Framework

============

Spring Container:
Metadata ==> XML

interface EmployeeDao {
	void addEmployee(Employee e);
}

public class EmployeeDaoJdbcImpl implements EmployeeDao {
		public void addEmployee(Employee e) {//}
}

public class SampleService {
	private EmployeeDao empDao;

	public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao ed) { this.empDao = ed; }

	public void insert(Employee e) {
		empDao.addEmployee(e);
	}
}

beans.xml

<beans>
<bean id="jdbcimpl" class ="pkg.EmployeeDaoJdbcImpl" />
<bean id="service" class ="pkg.SampleService">
  <property name="employeeDao" ref="jdbcimpl" />
</bean>
</beans>

new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
OR
new FilePathXmlApplicationContext("/users/data/a.xml")

===================================================

Spring Annotations at class level:

1. @Component ==> Utility classes / helpers
2. @Repository ==> DAO https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/blob/main/spring-jdbc/src/main/resources/org/springframework/jdbc/support/sql-error-codes.xml
3. @Service
4. @Controller
5. @RestController
6. @Configuration

============

interface EmployeeDao {
	void addEmployee(Employee e);
}

@Repository
public class EmployeeDaoJdbcImpl implements EmployeeDao {
		public void addEmployee(Employee e) {//}
}

@Service
public class SampleService {
	@Autowired
	private EmployeeDao empDao;

	public void insert(Employee e) {
		empDao.addEmployee(e);
	}
}

Spring containers creates

• "employeeDaoJdbcImpl" instance of "EmployeeDaoJdbcImpl"
• "sampleService" instance of "SampleService"

@Service("myservice")

========

@Autowired private EmployeeDao empDao; OR @Inject private EmployeeDao empDao;

@Autowired uses internally libraries like [ CGLib / JavaAssist / ByteBuddy] for bytecode instrumentation EmployeeDao empDao = serviceProvider.getInstance(EmployeeDao.class); OR EmployeeDao empDao = new EmployeeDaoJdbcImpl();

try { ... } catch(SQLException ex) { ex.getErrorCode() }

=============

Eclipse ==> Help ==> Eclipse Market Place ==> Search for "STS" ==> Install Spring tools 4

=========================================

Spring Boot? Spring framework with some pre-configuration done ==> highly Opiniated Framework

• for Database related ==> configures HikariCP as database connection pool [ C3p0/ DriverManagerDataSource]
• Tomcat as embedded Servlet Container for web application
• Hibernate as ORM framework

==> makes application container ready [ Docker] https://spring.io/guides/gs/spring-boot-docker/

Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine ARG JAR_FILE=target/*.jar COPY ${JAR_FILE} app.jar ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app.jar"]

Without spring boot:

FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine FROM tomcat:tomcat-9 FROM maven:..

mvn clean intall mvn tomcat:run

=====================

This line creates spring container: SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);

in Spring framework

ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); OR ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();

• SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); uses @SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootApplication is 3 in one:

1. @ComponentScan scans for spring components having any of the above "6" mentioned annotations from "com.adobe.demo" and sub-packages [com.adobe.demo.service] and creates bean

   ==> @ComponentScan(basePackages="{....}")

2. @EnableAutoConfiguration ==> spring boot is highly opiniated and creates many things out of box [ Connection Pool / Tomcat/ ORM / 3rd party Jackson] if these are present in the for "jar" libraries

   @EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={HibernateJPAVendor.class}) @EnableAutoConfiguration(excludeName={"nameOfBean"})

3. @Configuration class

=============================

BeanFactory and ApplicationContext are interfaces to access Spring Factory

================

• To resolve multiple beans implementing an interface

1. use @Primary on one of the bean

@Repository @Primary public class EmployeeDaoJpaImpl implements EmployeeDao {

@Override
public void addEmployee() {
	System.out.println("added using JPA!!!");
}

}

package com.adobe.demo.dao;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository public class EmployeeDaoMongoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

@Override
public void addEmployee() {
	System.out.println("mongo store!!!");
}

}

---

2. using @Qualifier [ Remove @Primary]

@Service public class SampleService { @Autowired @Qualifier("employeeDaoMongoImpl") private EmployeeDao empDao;

public void insertEmployee() {
	empDao.addEmployee();
}

}

@Service public class OtherService { @Autowired @Qualifier("employeeDaoJdbcImpl") private EmployeeDao empDao;

public void insertEmployee() {
	empDao.addEmployee();
}

}

=============== 3) using @Profile @Repository @Profile("dev") public class EmployeeDaoMongoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

@Override
public void addEmployee() {
	System.out.println("mongo store!!!");
}

}

@Repository @Profile("prod") public class EmployeeDaoJpaImpl implements EmployeeDao {

@Override
public void addEmployee() {
	System.out.println("added using JPA!!!");
}

}

3.1) Program Arguments: --spring.profiles.active=dev

3.2) application.properties spring.profiles.active=prod

Command Line arguments [program arguments] ==> system.properties => application.properties

3.2)

application.properties dao=mongo

@Repository //@Profile("dev") @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "dao", havingValue = "mongo") public class EmployeeDaoMongoImpl implements EmployeeDao {

@Override
public void addEmployee() {
	System.out.println("mongo store!!!");
}

}

=================

@ConditionalOnMissingBean("employeeDaoMongoImpl")

===========================================================

• Spring creates instances using default constructor

Fails to create the instance of below class: @Component public class Example { public Example(String name) {

}

}

• We need Spring container to manage bean of classes which are programatically created using "new" keyword ==> 3rd party apis which doesn't have @component, @Repository, ..

@Configuration public class MyConfig {

@Bean(name="c3p0") public DataSource getDataSource() { ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource(); cpds.setDriverClass( "org.postgresql.Driver" ); //loads the jdbc driver
cpds.setJdbcUrl( "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/testdb" ); cpds.setUser("swaldman");
cpds.setPassword("test-password");
cpds.setMinPoolSize(5);
cpds.setAcquireIncrement(5); cpds.setMaxPoolSize(20); return cpds; }

}

@Service class SampleService { @Autowired DataSource ds; }

=============

Day 2

JPA using Spring Data JPA

JPA ==> Java Persistence API => not a part of Spring ==> It's a specification to use ORM over RDBMS.

ORM ==> Object Relational Mapping ==> Framework over JDBC to interact with RDBMS

JDBC ==> integration API [ java ] ==> Impedence mismatch Java ==> Employee and Address

• single table employee_id | first_name | street | city | zip ...

• Share PK employee table employee_id | first_name

  address table employee_id | street | city | zip

• FK employee table employee_id | first_name

  address table address_id | street | city | zip | employee_id

=====================

@Configuration public class MyConfiguration {

@Bean
public DataSource getDataSource() {
	ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
	cpds.setDriverClass( "org.postgresql.Driver" ); //loads the jdbc driver            
	cpds.setJdbcUrl( "jdbc:postgresql://localhost/testdb" );
	cpds.setUser("swaldman");                                  
	cpds.setPassword("test-password");                                  

	cpds.setMinPoolSize(5);                                     
	cpds.setAcquireIncrement(5);
	cpds.setMaxPoolSize(20);
	return cpds;
}

@Bean
public EntityManagerFactory getEmf(DataSource ds) {
	LocalContainerEntityMaangerFactoryBean emf = new LocalContainerEntityMaangerFactoryBean();
		emf.setJPAVendor(new HibernateJPAVendor());
		<!-- emf.setDataSource(getDataSource()); -->
		emf.setDataSource(ds);
		emf.setPackagesToScan("com.adobe.prj.entity");
		...
	return emf;
}

}

public interface ProductDao { void addProduct(Product p); Product getProduct(int id); }

@Repository public class ProductDaoJPAImpl implements ProductDao { @PersitenceContext private EntityManager em;

public void addProduct(Product p) {
	em.save(p);
}

public Product getProduct(int id) {
	return em.findById(id);
}

}

=========================

Spring Data JPA simplifies using JPA

• No need to write @Repository classes
• just create interface extends JPARepository

public interface ProductDao extends JPARepository<Product, Integer> { }

• you get methods for save(), findById, findAll(), pagination , sorting, limit, delete

• can add additional methods

• Spring uses Byte Code Instrumentation libraries to generate classes for these interface

• JPARepository ==> PageAndSortingRepository ==> CrudRepository

================

Build New Spring boot application with "MySQL", "jpa" and "web" dependencies

=============

@Embeddable public class UserPK implements Serializable { private String firstName; private String lastName; private String middleName; // }

@Table(name="users") @Entity public class User { @EmbeddedId private UserPK userPK; .. }

==============

• spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

  ==> DDL ==> Data Definition Language ==> CReaTE, ALTER and DROP update ==> map to existing table if table exist; else create table; if required alter table to match mapping TOP to BottOM approach create ==> drop and create tables for every application run ==> good for testing verify ==> map to existing tables; no alter on tables; if mapping fails ==> application fails Bottom to TOP approach

spring.jpa.show-sql=true spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true

• em.save() or em.findById(4); ==> check if appropriate SQL is generated

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect

• Generate SQL for MySQL8

==

docker exec -it local-mysql bash

mysql -u "root" -p

Enter password:Welcome123

use ADOBE_JPA

select * from products;

insert into products (id, name, price, category, quantity) values (0, 'Samsung Z fold', 130000.00 , 'mobile', 100); insert into products (id, name, price, category, quantity) values (0, 'Sony Bravia', 95000.00 , 'tv',100); insert into products (id, name, price, category, quantity) values (0, 'Onida Thunder', 3500.00 , 'tv', 100); insert into products (id, name, price, category, quantity) values (0, 'Logitech Mouse', 600.00 , 'computer', 100); insert into products (id, name, price, category, quantity) values (0, 'Lamp', 900.00 , 'electrical', 100);

===============

@Query(value= "select * from products where price >= :low and price <= :high", nativeQuery=true)

=======================================

REST ==> Representational State Transfer

• Resource on server [ database / noSQL/ files / printer]
• state of the resource is served to clients in various representation [ XML / JSON / CSV / ATOM ]

Characterstics of REST

1. client - server logic seperation
2. Stateless [ Server should not have client session details ==> No Cookies / HttpSession concepts]
3. Cacheable [ client side [ Cache-Control, Expires, ETag] or middle tier [Redis]]
4. Uniform Resource

Resource URI should be plural nouns and actions are done using HTTP verbs

Resource: http://server/api/v1/products

GET: http://server/api/v1/products

get all products representation based on "accept" HTTP header

GET: http://server/api/v1/products/5

extra path param is to identify based on PK or sub-resources

--> get product represetntation of product whose id is 5

http://server/api/v1/customers/banu@gmail.com/orders

http://server/api/v1/products?page=3&size=10 http://server/api/v1/products?lower=1000&higher=10000

Query param for filtered response

============

POST http://server/api/v1/products

"content-type" header is used to specify what type of representation is sent to server

===

DELETE http://server/api/v1/products/5

PUT http://server/api/v1/products/5

"content-type" header is used to specify what type of representation is sent to server which needs to be used to modify product whose id is "5"

7. PATCH http://server/api/v1/products/5

for partial update of product

8. JSON-PATCH+PATCH "content-type" : "application/json-patch+patch" http://server/api/v1/products/5

payload:

{ "op" : "replace", "path" "/price", "value" : 5555.22 }

==

op can be "add", "replace", "remove"

=========================

GET and DELETE can't have payload ==> IDEMPOTENT

POST, PUT, PATCH can have payload ==> NOT IDEMPOTENT

===============================================

@RestController @RequestMapping("/api/products") public class ProductController {

@GetMapping()
m1() {

}

@PostMapping()
m2() {

}

}

==

@RestController @RequestMapping("/api/customers) public class ProductController {

@GetMapping()
m1() {

}

@PostMapping()
m2() {

}

}

@PostMapping() @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED) public @ResponseBody Product addProduct(@RequestBody Product p) { Product prd = service.saveProduct(p); return prd; }

=========

Browser: GET http://localhost:8080/api/products GET using path param @PathVariable http://localhost:8080/api/products/4 GET by Query param @RequestParam http://localhost:8080/api/products?low=1000&high=100000

========= Download POSTMAN

POSTMAN for POST, PUT and DELETE testing

================================================

Day 3

RESTful Web services Pathparam and QueryParam @RestController @ResponseBody @RequestBody ResponseEntity Mapping HTTP methods

JPA ==> JPARepository which comes with predifened methods for CRUD operations; we can add our own methods using @Query JPQL and SQL

Tested GET requests using Browser POSTMAN

=======================================================

CustomerService DAO methods AdminService DAO methods

=======================

POST request:

POSTMAN

POST http://localhost:8080/api/products

Headers: Accept: application/json Content-type: application/json

Body: [raw]

{ "name" : "LG AC", "price" : 45000.00, "category": "ELECTRICAL", "quantity" : 500 }

==================================== Core Container of Spring ==> DI Web module ==> Building traditional web applocaiton and RESTful Web services Spring Data JPA ==> integrate with ORM AOP ==> Spring Boot module

Aspect Oriented Programming

---

Goal : eliminate code scattering and code tangling

What to eliminate? ==> Cross cutting concern ==> not a part of main logic but can be used along with main logic

• logging
• security
• Transaction
• Profile

public void transferFunds(...){ security logic logging transaction main1 main2 logging main3 transaction }

============

• Aspect ==> Concern which can be used along with main logic [ Logging, Security,] these aspects can be weaved / wiring into application

• JoinPoint ==> a place where Aspect can be weaved [ any method or exception] All methods and exception qualifies

• PointCut ==> Selected JoinPoints

• Advice ==> Before, After, AfterReturing, Around, Throws

======================================

Resolved [org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException: Validation failed for argument [0] in public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.adobe.prj.entity.Product> com.adobe.prj.api.ProductController.addProduct(com.adobe.prj.entity.Product) with 2 errors: [Field error in object 'product' on field 'name': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.product.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [product.name,name]; arguments []; default message [name]]; default message [Name is required]]

[Field error in object 'product' on field 'price': rejected value [-99.0]; codes [Min.product.price,Min.price,Min.double,Min]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [product.price,price]; arguments []; default message [price],10]; 

default message [Price -99.0 should be more than 10]] ]

ProductController.java @PostMapping() public ResponseEntity addProduct(@RequestBody @Valid Product p) { Product prd = service.saveProduct(p); return new ResponseEntity<>(prd, HttpStatus.CREATED); // 201 }

=====

package com.adobe.prj.api;

import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseEntityExceptionHandler;

import com.adobe.prj.service.NotFoundException;

@ControllerAdvice public class GlobalExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {

@ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> handleNotFoundException(NotFoundException ex) {
	Map<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
	body.put("message", ex.getMessage());
	return new ResponseEntity<Object>(body, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}

@Override
public ResponseEntity<Object> handleMethodArgumentNotValid(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex,
		HttpHeaders headers, HttpStatus status, WebRequest request) {
	Map<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
	
	body.put("timestamp", LocalDate.now());
	body.put("status", status.value());
	
	List<String> errors = ex.getBindingResult()
				.getFieldErrors().stream()
				.map(exception -> exception.getDefaultMessage())
				.collect(Collectors.toList());
	
	body.put("errors", errors);
	return new ResponseEntity<Object>(body, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
}

}

===========================================

Unit Testing RestController Spring boot starter test includes: ==> JUnit as Unit testing framework / TestNG ==> Hamcrest ==> Assertion libraries ==> json-path ==> to validated JSON data ==> Mockito ==> Mock API

Don't create complete Spring container @WebMvcTest(ProductController.class) ==> loads only ProductController on Spring container

• create a mock OrderService @MockBean private OrderService service;

• use MockMVC to trigger REST calls [ GET/ POSt / ..] ==> uses SpringDispatcherServletTest not DispatcherServlet

@Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc;

======= class Order { @ManyToOne() @JoinColumn(name="customer_email") // FK column private Customer customer;

@Entity @Table(name="customers") public class Customer {

@Id
private String email;

create table orders ( .., customer_email references customers(email))

======

public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, String>{

}

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Integer> {

}

"Will not create ItemDao"

Order has 4 items; With ItemDao

orderDao.save(order); itemDao.save(i1); itemDao.save(i2); itemDao.save(i3); itemDao.save(i4);

Delete:

orderDao.delete(order); itemDao.delete(i1); itemDao.delete(i2); itemDao.delete(i3); itemDao.delete(i4);

Without ItemDao and with Cascade:

@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name="order_fk") // FK
private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<>();

Order has 4 items; orderDao.save(order); // takes care of saving items also

orderDao.delete(order); // takes care of deleting items also

===============================

OneToMAny Default Fetch operation is LAZY, ManyToOne default is EAGER

orderDao.findById(1);

select * from orders where id = 1;

== fetch = FetchType.EAGER

orderDao.findById(1);

select * from orders o inner join items i where o.oid = i.order_fk

order json:

{ "customer": { "email": "sam@adobe.com" }, "items" : [ {"qty": 3, "product": {"id":5}}, {"qty": 1, "product": {"id":1}} ] }

=====

@Transactional is an Around type of Advice [ AOP ]

if method on which this is placed doesn't throw exception it invokes "commit" else "rollback"

=========

Optimistic locking:

@Table(name = "products") @Entity public class Product {

@Version private int version;

products

id | name | quantity | version 22 x 100 0

user 1: changes done update products set quantity = 95, version = version + 1 where id = 22 and version = 0

user 2: update products set quantity = 98, version = version + 1 where id = 22 and version = 0

Let's assume user 2 commits first

id | name | quantity | version 22 x 98 1

User 1 trys to commit

=============================

io.springfox springfox-swagger2 2.7.0 io.springfox springfox-swagger-ui 2.7.0

	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
	</dependency>

	<dependency>
		<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
		<artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
	</dependency>

docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name my-redis redis

NodeJS installed

$ npm install -g redis-commander $ redis-commander

============

Day 4

• Mapping associations
• Cascade and FETCH
• @Transactional
• Dirty checking
• RESTController

@Query("from Order o inner join Customer c") List<Object[]> getReport();

Object[0] ==> Order
Object[1] ==> Customer

@Query("select o.orderDate, o.total, c.firstName, c.email from Order o inner join Customer c") List<Object[]> getReport();

Object[0] ==> orderDate object[1] ==> total ...

@Query("select new com.adobe.prj.entity.ReportDTO(o.orderDate, o.total, c.firstName, c.email) from Order o inner join Customer c") List getReport();

=================================

1. Consume RESTapis in Java [ Spring Boot]
2. can also be used for Integration Testing http://localhost:8080/api/products
3. Useful in Microservices

• RestTemplate
• WebClient

==================================

RestTemplate:

package com.adobe.prj;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.adobe.prj.entity.Product; import com.adobe.prj.service.OrderService;

@SpringBootApplication public class RestfulexampleApplication implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private OrderService service;

@Autowired
private RestTemplate template;

@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
		return builder.build();
}

private void getAllProducts() {
	String result = template.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/api/products", String.class);
	System.out.println(result);
	
	System.out.println("************");
	
	ResponseEntity<List<Product>> response = template.exchange("http://localhost:8080/api/products", 
			HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Product>>() {
	});
	
	List<Product> products = response.getBody();
	for(Product p : products) {
		System.out.println(p);
	}
}
	
private void getProduct() {
	ResponseEntity<Product> response = template.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/api/products/1", Product.class);
	System.out.println(response.getBody().getName());
}

private void addUsingRestTemplate() {
	Product p = new Product(0,"Tata Sky", 4500.00, "tv");
	ResponseEntity<Product> resp = template.postForEntity("http://localhost:8080/api/products/", p, Product.class);
	System.out.println(resp.getStatusCodeValue());
	System.out.println(resp.getBody().getId());
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
	SpringApplication.run(RestfulexampleApplication.class, args);
}

/*
 * this method gets called once spring container is created
 */
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {

// addProduct(); // getProducts(); System.out.println("***** Adding **"); addUsingRestTemplate(); System.out.println(" GET ALL *****"); getAllProducts(); System.out.println(" Get By ID *******"); getProduct(); }

private void getProducts() {
	List<Product> products = service.getProducts();
	for(Product p : products) {
		System.out.println(p);
	}
}

private void addProduct() {
	Product p = new Product(0, "iPhone 12", 120000.00, "mobile");
	p.setQuantity(100);
	service.saveProduct(p);
}

}

===

// create headers HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); // set content-type header headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); // set accept header headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));

// build the request HttpEntity<Map<Product, Object>> entity = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);

// send POST request ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, entity, String.class);

===============================

REST Documentation

• RESTful API Modeling Language is a YAML-based language for describing RESTful APIs.

YaML files

spring.datasource. url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ADOBE_JPA?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

================================

• OpenAPI Specification => Swagger

====================== http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html http://localhost:8080/v2/api-docs

==> @ApiOperation ==> @ApiModel

================= RESTful web services can be layered

• Caching ==> Client side caching

1. using HTTP headers ==> Cache-Control, Expires, ETag

ETag ==> Entity Tag ==> when ResponseEntity is sent along with it send ETag [ can be hashCode / version] => First flow server sends response and ETag ==> subsequent requests Client has to send ETag along with the request Accept: application/json If-Not-Match: "etagvalue"

GET http://localhost:8080/api/products/cache/1

Headers we get Etag: "-2019683972"

==> server hits the DB pulls the data generates ETag and matched with header from client ==> SC 302 or new data

==> Server side caching ==> JPA ==> First level [enabled by default ] and Second level caching @Transactional public Product getProduct(int id) { Product p = productDao.findById(1); // hits the DB ... Product p2 = productDao.findById(1); // points to cached product ==> no hit to DB } * Second level caching JBOSSSwarm Cache / EHCache ehcache.xml

==> Avoid hiting DB

==> Middle tier caching

• ConcurrentHashMap is configured to be used as CacheManager
• Redis

Steps:

1. install redis on docker
2. Add dependecnies

org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-cache

	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>

3. Enable Caching @EnableCaching by default uses ConcurrentMapCacheManager this object will get created if no other CacheManagers are available @Conditional(..)

spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=30000

Serialization ==> data to stream Add Custom Config "RedisCustomConfig.java"

• @Cacheable @Cacheable(value="productCache") @Cacheable(value="productCache", key="#id")
• condition is based on parameter values

@Cacheable(value="productCache", key="#p.id", condition="#p.price>50000") @PostMapping() public ResponseEntity addProduct(@RequestBody @Valid Product p) { Product prd = service.saveProduct(p); return new ResponseEntity<>(prd, HttpStatus.CREATED); // 201 }

• result is returned object

• unless is condition on return value @Cacheable(value="productCache", key="#result.id", unless='#result==null') public @ResponseBody Product getProduct(@PathVariable("pid") int id) throws NotFoundException { return service.getProduct(id); }

• @CacheEvict

@CacheEvict(value="productCache", key="#id") public void removeProduct(int id) {

}

@CacheEvict(value="productCache", allEntries=true) @RequestMapping("/api/products/clear") public void clearCache() {

}

• @CachePut to update the cache entry @CachePut(value="productCache", key="#id") public void updateProduct(int id, double price) { ... }

npx redis-commander

productDao.findById(1).get(); // EAGER fetching

Product p = productDao.getById(1); // Lazy Fetching ==> Return a Proxy not actual "p is proxy object"

p.getName(); // at this point hits the DB and populates the Product

===

JPA Association Mapping OneToMany == Lazy Fetching ManyToOne == Eager Fetching

resources folder can have "schema.sql" and "data.sql" ==> gets called as soon as application is started

============================

@NamedEntityGraphs({

    @NamedEntityGraph(name = "companyWithDepartmentsGraph",
            attributeNodes = {@NamedAttributeNode("departments")}),
    
    @NamedEntityGraph(name = "companyWithDepartmentsAndEmployeesGraph",
            attributeNodes = {
            		@NamedAttributeNode(value = "departments", subgraph = "departmentsWithEmployees")},
            subgraphs = @NamedSubgraph(
                    name = "departmentsWithEmployees",
                    attributeNodes = @NamedAttributeNode("employees"))),
    
    @NamedEntityGraph(name = "companyWithDepartmentsAndEmployeesAndOfficesGraph",
            attributeNodes = {@NamedAttributeNode(value = "departments", 
            subgraph = "departmentsWithEmployeesAndOffices")},
            subgraphs = @NamedSubgraph(
                    name = "departmentsWithEmployeesAndOffices",
                    attributeNodes = {@NamedAttributeNode("employees"), @NamedAttributeNode("offices")}))

}) public class Company { @Id @Column(name = "id", updatable = false, nullable = false) private Long id = null;

    private String name;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "company", fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private Set<Department> departments = new HashSet<>();

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "company", fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private Set<Car> cars = new HashSet<>();

==============

companyDao.findWithGraph(1L, "companyWithDepartmentsGraph"); select company0_.id as id1_2_0_, company0_.name as name2_2_0_, department1_.company_id as company_3_3_1_, department1_.id as id1_3_1_, department1_.id as id1_3_2_, department1_.company_id as company_3_3_2_, department1_.name as name2_3_2_ from company company0_ left outer join department department1_ on company0_.id=department1_.company_id where company0_.id=?

================

companyDao.findWithGraph(1L, "companyWithDepartmentsAndEmployeesAndOfficesGraph");

select company0_.id as id1_2_0_, company0_.name as name2_2_0_, department1_.company_id as company_3_3_1_, department1_.id as id1_3_1_, department1_.id as id1_3_2_, department1_.company_id as company_3_3_2_, department1_.name as name2_3_2_, employees2_.department_id as departme5_4_3_, employees2_.id as id1_4_3_, employees2_.id as id1_4_4_, employees2_.address_id as address_4_4_4_, employees2_.department_id as departme5_4_4_, employees2_.name as name2_4_4_, employees2_.surname as surname3_4_4_, offices3_.department_id as departme4_5_5_, offices3_.id as id1_5_5_, offices3_.id as id1_5_6_, offices3_.address_id as address_3_5_6_, offices3_.department_id as departme4_5_6_, offices3_.name as name2_5_6_ from company company0_ left outer join department department1_ on company0_.id=department1_.company_id left outer join employee employees2_ on department1_.id=employees2_.department_id left outer join office offices3_ on department1_.id=offices3_.department_id where company0_.id=?

================

ACUTATOR HATEOAS PROTOBUF

===

Security