GitHub study materials

In this repo, you find help material about GitHub I collected for Business College Helsinki Full-Stack Developer program students.

Installation

git: an open-source, distributed version control system
GitHub: a platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories
commit: a Git object, a snapshot of your entire repository compressed into an SHA (a unique commitID (a.k.a. the "SHA" or "hash"))
branch: a "branch" is a line of development. A pointer to a commit
clone: a local version of a repository, including all commits and branches
remote: a common repository on GitHub that all team members use to exchange their changes
fork: a copy of a repository on GitHub owned by a different user
fetch: downloads commits, files, and refs from a remote repository into your local repo.
pull: fetch and download content from a remote repository and immediately update the local repository to match that content.
pull request: a place to compare and discuss the differences introduced on a branch with reviews, comments, integrated tests, and more
merge: joining two or more commit histories
HEAD: representing your current working directory, the HEAD pointer can be moved to different branches, tags, or commits when using git checkout. A pointer to the most recent commit on the current branch.
Origin: the default name for a remote repository
Local repository: another term for where you keep your copy of a Git repository on your workstation
Remote repository a secondary copy of a Git repository where you push changes for collaboration or backup