spec-tools
Clojure/Script tools for clojure.spec.
- Spec Records
- Spec Driven Transformations
- Data Specs
- Spec Visitors
- Generating JSON Schemas
- Generating Swagger2 Schemas
Status: Alpha (as spec is still alpha too).
Blogs:
- Clojure.spec with Ring (& Swagger)
- Clojure.spec as a Runtime Transformation Engine
- Schema & Clojure Spec for the Web Developer
Latest version
Requires Java 1.8 & Clojure 1.9.0
and/or ClojureScript 1.9.908
+.
Spec Records
To enable spec metadata and features like Spec driven transformations, Spec-tools introduces extendable Spec Records, Spec
s. They wrap specs and act like specs or 1-arity functions. Specs are created with spec-tools.core/spec
macro or with the underlying spec-tools.core/create-spec
function.
The following Spec keys having a special meaning:
Key | Description |
---|---|
:spec |
The wrapped spec (predicate). |
:form |
The wrapped spec form. |
:type |
Type hint of the Spec, mostly auto-resolved. Used in runtime conformation. |
:name |
Name of the spec. Maps to title in JSON Schema. |
:description |
Description of the spec. Maps to description in JSON Schema. |
:gen |
Generator function for the Spec (set via s/with-gen ) |
:keys |
Set of all map keys that the spec defines. Extracted from s/keys Specs. |
:keys/req |
Set of required map keys that the spec defines. Extracted from s/keys Specs. |
:keys/opt |
Set of optional map keys that the spec defines. Extracted from s/keys Specs. |
:reason |
Value is added to s/explain-data problems under key :reason |
:reason |
Value is added to s/explain-data problems under key :reason |
:decode/... |
2-arity function to transform a value from an external format. |
:encode/... |
2-arity function to transform a value into external format. |
:json-schema/... |
Extra data that is merged with unqualifed keys into json-schema |
Creating Specs
The following are all equivalent:
(require '[spec-tools.core :as st])
;; using type inference
(st/spec integer?)
;; with explicit type
(st/spec integer? {:type :long})
;; map form
(st/spec {:spec integer?})
(st/spec {:spec integer?, :type :long})
;; function
(st/create-spec
{:spec integer?
:form `integer?
:type :long})
;; function, with type and form inference
(st/create-spec
{:spec integer?})
;; ... resulting in:
; #Spec{:type :long,
; :form clojure.core/integer?}
Example usage
(require '[clojure.spec.alpha :as s])
(def my-integer? (st/spec integer?))
my-integer?
; #Spec{:type :long
; :form clojure.core/integer?}
(my-integer? 1)
; true
(s/valid? my-integer? 1)
; true
(assoc my-integer? :description "It's a int")
; #Spec{:type :long
; :form clojure.core/integer?
; :description "It's a int"}
(eval (s/form (st/spec integer? {:description "It's a int"})))
; #Spec{:type :long
; :form clojure.core/integer?
; :description "It's a int"}
For most core predicates, :type
can be resolved automatically using the spec-tools.parse/parse-form
multimethod.
For most core predicates, :form
can be resolved automatically using the spec-tools.form/resolve-form
multimethod.
Predefined Spec Records
Most clojure.core
predicates have a predefined Spec Record instance in spec-tools.spec
.
(require '[spec-tools.spec :as spec])
spec/boolean?
; #Spec{:type :boolean
; :form clojure.core/boolean?}
(spec/boolean? true)
; true
(s/valid? spec/boolean? false)
; true
(assoc spec/boolean? :description "it's an bool")
; #Spec{:type :boolean
; :form clojure.core/boolean?
; :description "It's a bool"}
Custom errors
Can be added to a Spec via the key :reason
(s/explain (st/spec pos-int? {:reason "positive"}) -1)
; val: -1 fails predicate: pos-int?, positive
(s/explain-data (st/spec pos-int? {:reason "positive"}) -1)
; #:clojure.spec.alpha{:problems [{:path [], :pred pos-int?, :val -1, :via [], :in [], :reason "positive"}]}
Spec Driven Transformations
Like Plumatic Schema, Spec-tools differentiates specs (what) and transformers (how). This enables spec values to be transformed between different formats like JSON and EDN. Core concept is the Transformer
protocol:
(defprotocol Transformer
(-name [this])
(-encoder [this spec value])
(-decoder [this spec value]))
Spec-tools ships with following transformer implementations:
Name | Description |
---|---|
string-transformer |
String-formats like properties files, query- & path-parameters. |
json-transformer |
JSON format, like string, but numbers and booleans are supported |
strip-extra-keys-transformer |
Decoding strips out extra keys of s/keys specs. |
fail-on-extra-keys-transformer |
Decoding fails if s/keys specs have extra keys. |
nil |
No transformations, EDN & Transit. |
Functions encode
, decode
, explain
, explain-data
, conform
and conform!
take the transformer an optional third argument and pass it into Specs via dynamic binding. Spec Records apply either the encoder or decoder in it's conforming stage. Both encode
& decode
also unform the data.
Spec-driven transformations
:encode/*
and:decode/*
keys from Specs to declare how the values should be transformed in & out from different formats- both take a 2-arity function of
spec value => value
to do the actual transformation
(require '[clojure.string :as str])
(s/def ::spec
(st/spec
{:spec #(and (simple-keyword? %) (-> % name str/lower-case keyword (= %)))
:description "a lowercase keyword, encoded in uppercase in string-mode"
:decode/string #(-> %2 name str/lower-case keyword)
:encode/string #(-> %2 name str/upper-case)}))
(st/decode ::spec :kikka)
; :kikka
(as-> "KiKka" $
(st/decode ::spec $))
; :clojure.spec.alpha/invalid
(as-> "KiKka" $
(st/decode ::spec $ st/string-transformer))
; :kikka
(as-> "KiKka" $
(st/decode ::spec $ st/string-transformer)
(st/encode ::spec $ st/string-transformer))
; "KIKKA"
Bijections?
Specno, as there can be multiple valid representations for a encoded value. But it can be quaranteed that a decoded values X is always encoded into Y, which can be decoded back into X: y -> X -> Y -> X
(as-> "KikKa" $
(doto $ prn)
(st/encode ::spec $ st/string-transformer)
(doto $ prn)
(st/decode ::spec $ st/string-transformer)
(doto $ prn)
(st/encode ::spec $ st/string-transformer)
(prn $))
; "KikKa"
; "KIKKA"
; :kikka
; "KIKKA"
Type-driven transformations
- Uses
:type
information from Specs- resolved automatically for most core predicates.
- top-level spec arguments in
encode
&decode
etc are transformed into Spec Records automatically usingIntoSpec
protocol. - standard types are:
:long
,:double
,:boolean
,:string
,:keyword
,:symbol
,:uuid
,:uri
,:bigdec
,:date
,:ratio
,:map
,:set
and:vector
.
(as-> "2014-02-18T18:25:37Z" $
(st/decode inst? $))
; :clojure.spec.alpha/invalid
;; decode using string-transformer
(as-> "2014-02-18T18:25:37Z" $
(st/decode inst? $ st/string-transformer))
; #inst"2014-02-18T18:25:37.000-00:00"
;; encode using string-transformer
(as-> "2014-02-18T18:25:37Z" $
(st/decode inst? $ st/string-transformer)
(st/encode inst? $ st/string-transformer))
; "2014-02-18T18:25:37.000+0000"
When creating custom specs, :type
gives you encoders & decoders (and docs!) for free, like with Data.Unjson.
(s/def ::kw
(st/spec
{:spec #(keyword %) ;; anonymous function
:type :keyword})) ;; encode & decode like a keyword
(st/decode ::kw "kikka" st/string-transformer)
;; :kikka
(st/decode ::kw "kikka" st/json-transformer)
;; :kikka
Transforming nested specs
Because of current design of clojure.spec, we need to wrap all non top-level specs into Spec Records manually to enable transformations.
(s/def ::name string?)
(s/def ::birthdate spec/inst?)
(s/def ::languages
(s/coll-of
(s/and spec/keyword? #{:clj :cljs})
:into #{}))
(s/def ::user
(s/keys
:req-un [::name ::languages ::age]
:opt-un [::birthdate]))
(def data
{:name "Ilona"
:age "48"
:languages ["clj" "cljs"]
:birthdate "1968-01-02T15:04:05Z"})
;; no transformer
(st/decode ::user data)
; ::s/invalid
;; json-transformer doesn't transform numbers
(st/decode ::user data st/json-transformer)
; ::s/invalid
;; string-transformer for the rescue
(st/decode ::user data st/string-transformer)
; {:name "Ilona"
; :age 48
; :languages #{:clj :cljs}
; :birthdate #inst"1968-01-02T15:04:05.000-00:00"}
Transforming Map Specs
To strip out extra keys from a keyset:
(s/def ::name string?)
(s/def ::street string?)
(s/def ::address (st/spec (s/keys :req-un [::street])))
(s/def ::user (st/spec (s/keys :req-un [::name ::address])))
(def inkeri
{:name "Inkeri"
:age 102
:address {:street "Satamakatu"
:city "Tampere"}})
(st/decode ::user inkeri st/strip-extra-keys-transformer)
; {:name "Inkeri"
; :address {:street "Satamakatu"}}
There are also a shortcut for this, select-spec
:
(st/select-spec ::user inkeri)
; {:name "Inkeri"
; :address {:street "Satamakatu"}}
Custom Transformers
Transformers should have a simple keyword name and optionally type-based decoders, encoders, default decoder and -encoder set. Currently there is no utility to verify that y -> X -> Y -> X
holds for custom transformers.
(require '[clojure.string :as str])
(require '[spec-tools.transform :as stt])
(defn transform [_ value]
(-> value
str/upper-case
str/reverse
keyword))
;; string-decoding + special keywords
;; encoding writes strings by default
(def my-string-transformer
(type-transformer
{:name :custom
:decoders (merge
stt/string-type-decoders
{:keyword transform})
:default-encoder stt/any->string}))
(decode keyword? "kikka")
; :clojure.spec.alpha/invalid
(decode keyword? "kikka" my-string-transformer)
; :AKKIK
; spec-driven transforming
(decode
(spec
{:spec #(keyword? %)
:decode/custom transform})
"kikka"
my-string-transformer)
; :AKKIK
;; defaut encoding to strings
(encode int? 1 my-string-transformer)
; "1"
Type-based transformer encoding & decoding mappings are defined as data, so they are easy to compose:
(def strict-json-transformer
(type-transformer
{:name :custom
:decoders (merge
stt/json-type-decoders
stt/strip-extra-keys-type-decoders)
:encoders stt/json-type-encoders}))
Data Macros
Data Specs
(require '[spec-tools.data-spec :as ds])
Data Specs offers an alternative, Schema-like data-driven syntax to define simple nested collection specs. Rules:
- Just data, no macros
- Can be transformed into vanilla specs with valid forms (via form inference)
- Supports nested Maps
{}
, Vectors[]
and Sets#{}
- Vectors and Sets are homogeneous, and must contains exactly one spec
- Maps have either a single spec key (homogeneous keys) or any number keyword keys.
- With homogeneous keys, keys are also conformed
- Map (keyword) keys
- can be qualified or non-qualified (a qualified name will be generated for it)
- are required by default
- can be wrapped into
ds/opt
ords/req
for making them optional or required.
- Map values
- can be functions, specs, qualified spec names or nested collections.
- wrapping value into
ds/maybe
makes its/nilable
NOTE: to avoid macros, current implementation uses the undocumented functional core of clojure.spec.alpha
: every-impl
, tuple-impl
, map-spec-impl
, nilable-impl
and or-spec-impl
.
NOTE: To use enums with data-specs, you need to wrap them: (s/spec #{:S :M :L})
(s/def ::age spec/pos-int?)
;; a data-spec
(def person
{::id integer?
::age ::age
:boss boolean?
(ds/req :name) string?
(ds/opt :description) string?
:languages #{keyword?}
:aliases [(ds/or {:maps {:alias string?}
:strings string?})]
:orders [{:id int?
:description string?}]
:address (ds/maybe
{:street string?
:zip string?})})
;; it's just data.
(def new-person
(dissoc person ::id))
- to turn a data-spec into a Spec, call
ds/spec
on it, providing either a options map or a qualified keyword describing the root spec name - used to generate unique names for sub-specs that will be registered. Valid options:
Key | Description |
---|---|
:spec |
The wrapped data-spec. |
:name |
Qualified root spec name - used to generate unique names for sub-specs. |
:keys-spec |
Function to wrap not-wrapped keys, e.g. ds/un to make keys optional by default. |
:keys-default |
Function to generate the keys-specs, default ds/keys-specs . |
;; options-syntax
(def person-spec
(ds/spec
{:name ::person
:spec person}))
;; legacy syntax
(def person-spec
(ds/spec ::person person))
(def new-person-spec
(ds/spec ::person new-person))
- the following specs are now registered:
(keys (st/registry #"user.*"))
; (:user/id
; :user/age
; :user$person/boss
; :user$person/name
; :user$person/description
; :user$person/languages
; :user$person$aliases$maps/alias
; :user$person/orders
; :user$person$orders/description
; :user$person$orders/id
; :user$person/address
; :user$person$address/street
; :user$person$address/zip)
- and now we have specs:
(s/valid?
new-person-spec
{::age 63
:boss true
:name "Liisa"
:languages #{:clj :cljs}
:aliases [{:alias "Lissu"} "Liisu"]
:orders [{:id 1, :description "cola"}
{:id 2, :description "kebab"}]
:description "Liisa is a valid boss"
:address {:street "Amurinkatu 2"
:zip "33210"}})
; true
- all generated specs are wrapped into Specs Records so transformations works out of the box:
(st/encode
new-person-spec
{::age "63"
:boss "true"
:name "Liisa"
:languages ["clj" "cljs"]
:aliases [{:alias "Lissu"} "Liisu"]
:orders [{:id "1", :description "cola"}
{:id "2", :description "kebab"}]
:description "Liisa is a valid boss"
:address nil}
st/string-transformer)
; {::age 63
; :boss true
; :name "Liisa"
; :aliases [{:alias "Lissu"} "Liisu"]
; :languages #{:clj :cljs}
; :orders [{:id 1, :description "cola"}
; {:id 2, :description "kebab"}]
; :description "Liisa is a valid boss"
; :address nil}
Spec Visitors
A tool to walk over and transform specs using the Visitor-pattern. Main entry point is the spec-tools.visitor/visit
function, extendable via spec-tools.visitor/visit-spec
multimethod. There is an example implementation for recursively collecting nested specs. Also, the Spec to JSON Schema -converter is implemented using the visitor.
(require '[spec-tools.visitor :as visitor])
;; visitor to recursively collect all registered spec forms
(let [specs (atom {})]
(visitor/visit
person-spec
(fn [_ spec _ _]
(if-let [s (s/get-spec spec)]
(swap! specs assoc spec (s/form s))
@specs))))
; {:user/id ..
; :user/age ..
; :user$person/boss ..
; :user$person/name ..
; :user$person/aliases ..
; :user$person/languages ..
; :user$person/aliases
; :user$person$aliases$maps/alias
; :user$person$orders/id ..
; :user$person$orders/description ..
; :user$person/orders ..
; :user$person$address/street ..
; :user$person$address/zip ..
; :user$person/address ..
; :user$person/description ..}
NOTE: due to CLJ-2152, s/&
& s/keys*
can't be visited.
Generating JSON Schemas
Generating JSON Schemas from arbitrary specs (and Spec Records).
(require '[spec-tools.json-schema :as jsc])
(jsc/transform person-spec)
; {:type "object"
; :properties {"user/id" {:type "integer"}
; "user/age" {:type "integer", :format "int64", :minimum 1}
; "boss" {:type "boolean"}
; "name" {:type "string"}
; "aliases" {:type "array",
; :items {:anyOf [{:type "string"}
; {:type "object",
; :properties {"alias" {:type "string"}},
; :required ["alias"]}]}},
; "languages" {:type "array", :items {:type "string"}, :uniqueItems true}
; "orders" {:type "array"
; :items {:type "object"
; :properties {"id" {:type "integer", :format "int64"}
; "description" {:type "string"}}
; :required ["id" "description"]}}
; "address" {:oneOf [{:type "object"
; :properties {"street" {:type "string"}
; "zip" {:type "string"}}
; :required ["street" "zip"]}
; {:type "null"}]}
; "description" {:type "string"}}
; :required ["user/id" "user/age" "boss" "name" "languages" "orders" "address"]}
Extra data from Spec records is used to populate the data:
(jsc/transform
(st/spec
{:spec integer?
:name "integer"
:description "it's an int"
:json-schema/default 42}))
; {:type "integer"
; :title "integer"
; :description "it's an int"
; :default 42}
Generating Swagger2 Schemas
A converter from Specs to Swagger2 (JSON) Schemas. Can be used as standalone but will be later available as ring-swagger module. See metosin/ring-swagger#95.
(require '[spec-tools.swagger.core :as swagger])
Spec transformations
swagger/transform
converts specs into Swagger2 JSON Schema. Transformation can be customized with the following optional options:
:type
- a target type, either:parameter
(Parameter Object) or:schema
(Schema Object). If value is not defined,:schema
is assumed.:in
- a parameter subtype, which is one of::query
,:header
,:path
,:body
or:formData
. See Parameter Object for details.
NOTE: As clojure.spec
is more powerful than the Swagger2 JSON Schema, we are losing some data in the transformation. We try to retain all the informatin, via vendor extensions.
(swagger/transform float?)
; {:type "number" :format "float"}
;; no "null" in swagger2
(swagger/transform (s/nilable string?))
; {:type "string", :x-nullable true}
;; swagger2 parameter syntax
(swagger/transform (s/nilable string?) {:type :parameter})
; {:type "string", :allowEmptyValue true}
;; no "anyOf" in swagger2
(swagger/transform (s/cat :int integer? :string string?))
; {:type "array"
; :items {:type "integer"
; :x-anyOf [{:type "integer"}
; {:type "string"}]}}
Swagger Spec generation
swagger/swagger-spec
function takes an extended swagger2 spec as map and transforms it into a valid Swagger Object. Rules:
- by default, data is passed through, allowing any valid swagger data to be used
- for qualified map keys,
swagger/expand
multimethod is invoked with the key, value and the map as arguments- dispatches on the key, defaulting to
::swagger/extension
- returns a map that get's merged in to original map, without the dispatched key
- dispatches on the key, defaulting to
Predifined dispatch keys below.
::swagger/parameters
Value should be a map with optional keys :body
, :query
, :path
, :header
and :formData
. For all but :body
, the value should be a s/keys
spec (describing the ring parameters). With :body
, the value can be any clojure.spec.alpha/Spec
.
Returns a map with key :parameters
with value of vector of swagger Parameter Objects, merged over the existing :parameters
. Duplicate parameters (with identical :in
and :name
are overridden)
(swagger/swagger-spec
{:paths
{"echo"
{:post
{:parameters
[;; existing parameter, will be overriddden
{:in "query"
:name "name"
:required false}
;; unique parameter, will remain
{:in "query"
:name "name2"
:type "string"
:required true}]
;; the spec-parameters
::swagger/parameters
{:query (s/keys :opt-un [::name])
:body ::user}}}}})
; {:paths
; {"echo"
; {:post
; {:parameters
; [{:in "query"
; :name "name2"
; :description "merged"
; :type "string"
; :required true}
; {:in "query"
; :name ""
; :description ""
; :type "string"
; :required false}
; {:in "body"
; :name ""
; :description ""
; :required true
; :schema {:type "object"
; :title "user/user"
; :properties {"name" {:type "string"}}
; :required ["name"]}}]}}}}
::swagger/responses
Value should a Swagger2 Responses Definition Object with Spec or Spec as the :schema
. Returns a map with key :responses
with :schemas
transformed into Swagger2 Schema Objects, merged over existing :responses
.
(s/def ::name string?)
(s/def ::user (s/keys :req-un [::name]))
(swagger/swagger-spec
{:responses {404 {:description "fail"}
500 {:description "fail"}}
::swagger/responses
{200 {:schema ::user
:description "Found it!"}
404 {:description "Ohnoes."}}})
; {:responses
; {200 {:schema
; {:type "object",
; :properties {"name" {:type "string"}},
; :required ["name"],
; :title "user/user"},
; :description "Found it!"}
; 404 {:description "Ohnoes."
; :schema {}},
; 500 {:description "fail"}}}
Full example
(require '[spec-tools.swagger.core :as swagger])
(require '[clojure.spec.alpha :as s])
(s/def ::id string?)
(s/def ::name string?)
(s/def ::street string?)
(s/def ::city #{:tre :hki})
(s/def ::address (s/keys :req-un [::street ::city]))
(s/def ::user (s/keys :req-un [::id ::name ::address]))
(swagger/swagger-spec
{:swagger "2.0"
:info {:version "1.0.0"
:title "Sausages"
:description "Sausage description"
:termsOfService "http://helloreverb.com/terms/"
:contact {:name "My API Team"
:email "foo@example.com"
:url "http://www.metosin.fi"}
:license {:name "Eclipse Public License"
:url "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html"}}
:tags [{:name "user"
:description "User stuff"}]
:paths {"/api/ping" {:get {:responses {:default {:description ""}}}}
"/user/:id" {:post {:summary "User Api"
:description "User Api description"
:tags ["user"]
::swagger/parameters {:path (s/keys :req [::id])
:body ::user}
::swagger/responses {200 {:schema ::user
:description "Found it!"}
404 {:description "Ohnoes."}}}}}})
; {:swagger "2.0",
; :info {:version "1.0.0",
; :title "Sausages",
; :description "Sausage description",
; :termsOfService "http://helloreverb.com/terms/",
; :contact {:name "My API Team", :email "foo@example.com", :url "http://www.metosin.fi"},
; :license {:name "Eclipse Public License", :url "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html"}},
; :tags [{:name "user", :description "User stuff"}],
; :paths {"/api/ping" {:get {:responses {:default {:description ""}}}},
; "/user/:id" {:post {:summary "User Api",
; :description "User Api description",
; :tags ["user"],
; :responses {200 {:description "Found it!",
; :schema {:type "object",
; :properties {"id" {:type "string"},
; "name" {:type "string"},
; "address" {:type "object",
; :properties {"street" {:type "string"},
; "city" {:enum [:tre :hki]}},
; :required ["street" "city"]}},
; :required ["id" "name" "address"]}},
; 404 {:description "Ohnoes."}},
; :x-spec-tools.swagger.core-test/kikka 42,
; :parameters [{:in "path", :name "", :description "", :type "string", :required true}
; {:in "body",
; :name "",
; :description "",
; :required true,
; :schema {:type "object",
; :properties {"id" {:type "string"},
; "name" {:type "string"},
; "address" {:type "object",
; :properties {"street" {:type "string"},
; "city" {:enum [:tre :hki]}},
; :required ["street" "city"]}},
; :required ["id" "name" "address"]}}]}}}}
OpenAPI3 Integration
TODO
License
Copyright © 2016-2018 Metosin Oy
Distributed under the Eclipse Public License, the same as Clojure.