WS4W is a desktop application that allows running and managing a WireGuard server endpoint on Windows.
Inspired by Henry Chang's post, How to Setup Wireguard VPN Server On Windows, my goal was to create an application that automated and simplified many of the complex steps. While still not quite a plug-and-play solution, the idea is to be able to perform each of the prerequisite steps, one-by-one, without running any scripts, modifying the Registry, or entering the Control Panel.
The latest release is available here. Download the installer and run.
Note: The application will request to run as Administrator. Due to all the finagling of the registry, Windows services, wg.exe calls, etc., it is easier to run the whole application elevated.
Before introducing an installer, WS4W was distributed as a portable application. The portable versions (1.5.2 and earlier) have no automatic upgrade path to the installer version. To upgrade, simply delete the downloaded portable version and download the installer. No configuration settings will be lost.
Below are the tasks that can be performed automatically using this application.
This step downloads and runs the latest version of WireGuard for Windows from https://download.wireguard.com/windows-client/wireguard-installer.exe. Once installed, it can be uninstalled directly from WS4W, too.
Here you can configure the server endpoint. See the WireGuard documentation for the meaning of each of these fields. The Private Key and Public Key are generated by calling wg genkey and wg pubkey [private key] respectively. (You can optionally supply your own Private Key.)
Note: It is important that the server's network range not conflict with the host system's IP address or LAN network range.
In addition to creating/udpating the configuration file for the server endpoint, editing the server configuration will also update the ScopeAddress registry value (under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SharedAccess\Parameters). This is the IP address that is used for the WireGuard adapter when using the Internet Sharing feature (explained here). Thus, the Address property of the server configuration serves to determine the allowable addresses for clients, as well as the IP that Windows will assign to the WireGuard adapter when performing Internet Sharing. Note the IP address is grabbed from the ScopeAddress at the time when Internet Sharing is first performed. That means that if the server's IP address is changed in the configuration (and thus the ScopeAddress registry value is updated), the WireGuard interface will no longer accurately reflect the desired server IP. Therefore, WS4W will prompt to re-share internet. If canceled, Internet Sharing will be disabled and will have to be re-enabled manually.
Important: You must configure port forwarding on your router. Forward all UDP traffic that is destined for your server endpoint port (default
51820) to the LAN IP of your server. Every router is different, so it is difficult to give specific guidance here. As an example, here is what the port forwarding rule would look like on a Verizon Quantum Gateway router.
You should set the Endpoint property to your public IPv4, IPv6, or domain address, followed by whatever port you have forwarded. The Detect Public IP Address button will attempt to detect your public address automatically using the ipify.org API. However, if possible, it is recommended that you use a domain name with DDNS. That way, if your public IP address changes, your clients will be able to find your server endpoint without reconfiguration.
Here you can configure the client(s). The Address can be entered manually or calculated based on the server's network range. For example, if the server's network is 10.253.0.0/24, the client config can determine that 10.253.0.2 is a valid address. Note that the first address in the range (in this example, 10.253.0.1) is reserved for the server. DNS is optional, but recommended. You may add DNS Search Domains (also known as DNS Suffixes, read more). Lastly, the Private Key, Public Key, and Preshared Key are generated using wg genkey, wg pubkey [private key], and wg genpsk. (You may specify your own Private Key. Preshared Keys are optional, generated uniquely per-client, and shared with the server's configuration. See #34 for more info.)
Due to a bit of a quirk in WireGuard, if you were to remove a client Preshared Key and sync the server configuration, WireGuard would still expect the client to connect with a PSK. Therefore, WS4W does not allow you to clear the Preshared Key field from clients. Instead, delete and recreate a client to remove the PSK.
Once configured, it's easy to import the configuration into your client app of choice via QR code or by exporting the .conf file.
For security, you may not want to keep the clients' private keys on the server. In that case, you may clear the private key field before saving a client configuration. However, there are two things to keep in mind.
- You should export the client config (via QR code or file) before removing the private key and saving.
- If you ever need to import the config to your client again, you will have to re-generate both the private and public keys.
Once the server and client(s) are configured, you may install the tunnel service, which creates a new network interface for WireGuard using the wireguard /installtunnelservice command. After installation, the tunnel may be also removed directly within WS4W. This uses the wireguard /uninstalltunnelservice command.
After completing this step, WireGuard clients should be able to get as far as performing a successful handshake with the server.
Note: If the server configuration is edited after the tunnel service is installed, the tunnel service will automatically be updated via the
wg syncconfcommand (if the newly saved server configuration is valid). This is also true of the client configurations, updates to which often cause the server configuration to be updated (e.g., if a new client is added, the server configuration must be aware of this new peer).
Even after the tunnel service is installed, some protocols may be blocked. It is recommended to change the network profile to Private, which eases Windows restrictions on the network.
This step also creates a Windows Task to make the network Private automatically on boot. You may disable the Task via the dropdown.
Note: On a system where the shared internet connection originates from a domain network, this step is not necessary, as the WireGuard interfaces picks up the profile of the shared domain network.
The last step is to allow requests made over the WireGuard interface to be routed to your private network or the Internet. To do so, the connection of the "real" network adapter on the Windows machine must be shared with the virtual WireGuard adapter. This can be done in one of two ways.
- NAT Routing
- Internet Sharing + Persistent Internet Sharing
The first option is only available on some systems (see more below). The second options may be used as necessary, but have some caveats (such as, if the Internet Connection is shared with the WireGuard adapter, it cannot be shared with any other adapter; see #18). There have also been multiple issues reported with Internet Sharing, so NAT Routing should be used if available.
These options are mutually exclusive.
Here you can create a NAT routing rule on the WireGuard interface to allow it to interact with your private/public network. Specifically, the following commands are invoked.
New-NetIPAddressis called on the WireGuard adapter to assign a static IP in the range of the Server Configuration's Address property.New-NetNatis called to create a new NAT rule on the WireGuard adapter.- A Windows Task is created to call
New-NetIPAddresson boot.- If you do not wish to have the Windows Task automatically configure the WireGuard interface on boot, you can press the dropdown and choose "Disable Automatic NAT Routing".
NAT Routing requires at least Windows 10, and the option to enable it will not even appear in the application on older versions of Windows. However, even with Windows 10, NAT Routing does not always work. Sometimes it requires Hyper-V to be enabled, which the application will prompt for, but that also requires a Pro or higher (i.e., not Home) version of Windows. Ultimately, if the application is unable to enable NAT Routing, it will recommend using Internet Connection Sharing instead (below). See #30 for a full discussion about NAT Routing support.
If NAT Routing is not available, you can use internet sharing to provide network connection to the WireGuard interface. When configuring this option, you may select any of your network adapters to share. Note that it will likely only work for adapters whose status is Connected, and it will only be useful for adapters which provide internet or LAN access. When choosing the adapter to share, hover over the menu item to get more details, including the adapter's assigned IP address, to determine if it's the one you want to share.
Note: When performing internet sharing, the WireGuard adapter is assigned an IP from the
ScopeAddressregistry value (underHKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SharedAccess\Parameters). This value is automatically set when updating the Address property of the server configuration. See more here.
There are issues in Windows that cause Internet Sharing to become disabled after a reboot. If the WireGuard server is intended to be left unattended, it is recommended to enable Persistent Internet Sharing so that no interaction is required after rebooting.
When enabling this feature, two actions are performed in Windows:
- The
Internet Connection Sharingservice startup mode is changed fromManualtoAutomatic. - The value of the
EnableRebootPersistConnectionregstry value inHKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SharedAccessis set to1(it is created if not found).
Even with these workarounds, Internet Sharing can become disabled after a reboot. Therefore, one more action is performed. A Scheduled Task is created that disables and re-enables Internet Sharing using the WS4W CLI upon system boot. This should be sufficient to guarantee that sharing remains enabled.
Once the tunnel is installed, the status of the WireGuard interface may be viewed. This is accomplished via the wg show command. It will be continually updated as long as Update Live is checked.
-
Set Boot Task Delay
This setting allows configuring a delay for boot tasks. This can be useful for tasks that depend on adapters which are slow to load. Note that tasks must be disabled and re-enabled after changing this value.
There is also a CLI bundled in the portable download called ws4w.exe which can be invoked from a terminal or called from a script. In addition to messages written to standard out, the CLI will also set the exit code based on the success of executing the given command. In PowerShell, for example, the exit code can be printed with echo $lastexitcode.
Note: The CLI must also be run as an Administrator for the same reasons as above.
The CLI uses verbs, or top-level commands, each of which has its own set of options. You can run ws4w.exe --help for a list of all verbs or ws4w.exe verb --help to see the list of options for a particular verb.
ws4w.exe restartinternetsharing [--network <NETWORK_TO_SHARE>]- This will tell WS4W to attempt to restart the Internet Sharing feature.
- The
--networkoption may be passed to specify which network WS4W should share. - If Internet Sharing is already enabled, WS4W will attempt to reshare the same network (unless
--networkis passed). - If multiple networks are already shared, it is not possible to tell which one is shared with the WireGuard network, so the
--networkoption must be passed to specify. - If Internet Sharing is not already enabled, the
--networkoption must be passed, otherwise there is no way to know which network to share. - The exit code will be 0 if the requested or previously shared network was successfully reshared.
This command is used by the Scheduled Task that is created when Persistent Internet Sharing is enabled.
ws4w.exe setpath- This will tell WS4W to add the current executing directory to the system's
PATHenvironment variable. - This verb has no options.
This command is used by the installer when the "Add CLI to PATH" option is selected.
- This will tell WS4W to add the current executing directory to the system's
ws4w.exe setnetipaddress --serverdatapath <PATH_TO_SERVER_CONFIG>- This will tell WS4W to call
Set-NetIPAddresson the WireGuard interface, using the network Address as defined in the given WireGuard server configuration file.This command is used by the Scheduled Task that is created when NAT Routing is enabled.
- This will tell WS4W to call
ws4w.exe privatenetwork- This will set the category of the WireGuard network interface to Private.
- This verb has no options.
This command is used by the Windows Task that is created when Private Network is enabled.
First, it is recommended to use NAT Routing if available.
However, if you experience the following error message when enabling Internet Sharing, please perform the following manual steps.
- Open Network Connections in the Control Panel.
- Right-click > Properties on the network interface that you want to share.
- Go to the Sharing tab and check "Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection".
- From the "Home networking connection" dropdown, choose
wg_server. - Press OK.
- Close and reopen WS4W. It should now show Internet Sharing enabled, and subsequent attempts to disable/re-enable should be sucessful going forward.
Note: This issue is often triggered after creating a new virtual switch for a VM. The manual workaround should only be needed once after that and does not affect the virtual switch.
WS4W has been tested and is known to work on Windows Server (2012 R2 and newer) and Windows Desktop (10 and newer).
WireGuard is a registered trademark of Jason A. Donenfeld.
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