Asynq

Overview

Asynq is a Go library for queueing tasks and processing them asynchronously with workers. It's backed by Redis and is designed to be scalable yet easy to get started.

Highlevel overview of how Asynq works:

Client puts task on a queue
Server pulls task off queues and starts a worker goroutine for each task
Tasks are processed concurrently by multiple workers

Task queues are used as a mechanism to distribute work across multiple machines.
A system can consist of multiple worker servers and brokers, giving way to high availability and horizontal scaling.

Stability and Compatibility

Important Note: Current major version is zero (v0.x.x) to accomodate rapid development and fast iteration while getting early feedback from users (Feedback on APIs are appreciated!). The public API could change without a major version update before v1.0.0 release.

Status: The library is currently undergoing heavy development with frequent, breaking API changes.

Features

Guaranteed at least one execution of a task
Scheduling of tasks
Durability since tasks are written to Redis
Retries of failed tasks
Automatic recovery of tasks in the event of a worker crash
Weighted priority queues
Strict priority queues
Low latency to add a task since writes are fast in Redis
De-duplication of tasks using unique option
Allow timeout and deadline per task
Flexible handler interface with support for middlewares
Ability to pause queue to stop processing tasks from the queue
Periodic Tasks
Support Redis Cluster for automatic sharding and high availability
Support Redis Sentinels for high availability
CLI to inspect and remote-control queues and tasks

Quickstart

First, make sure you are running a Redis server locally.

$ redis-server

Next, write a package that encapsulates task creation and task handling.

package tasks

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/hibiken/asynq"
)

// A list of task types.
const (
    TypeEmailDelivery   = "email:deliver"
    TypeImageResize     = "image:resize"
)

//----------------------------------------------
// Write a function NewXXXTask to create a task.
// A task consists of a type and a payload.
//----------------------------------------------

func NewEmailDeliveryTask(userID int, tmplID string) *asynq.Task {
    payload := map[string]interface{}{"user_id": userID, "template_id": tmplID}
    return asynq.NewTask(TypeEmailDelivery, payload)
}

func NewImageResizeTask(src string) *asynq.Task {
    payload := map[string]interface{}{"src": src}
    return asynq.NewTask(TypeImageResize, payload)
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------
// Write a function HandleXXXTask to handle the input task.
// Note that it satisfies the asynq.HandlerFunc interface.
//
// Handler doesn't need to be a function. You can define a type
// that satisfies asynq.Handler interface. See examples below.
//---------------------------------------------------------------

func HandleEmailDeliveryTask(ctx context.Context, t *asynq.Task) error {
    userID, err := t.Payload.GetInt("user_id")
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    tmplID, err := t.Payload.GetString("template_id")
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    fmt.Printf("Send Email to User: user_id = %d, template_id = %s\n", userID, tmplID)
    // Email delivery code ...
    return nil
}

// ImageProcessor implements asynq.Handler interface.
type ImageProcessor struct {
    // ... fields for struct
}

func (p *ImageProcessor) ProcessTask(ctx context.Context, t *asynq.Task) error {
    src, err := t.Payload.GetString("src")
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    fmt.Printf("Resize image: src = %s\n", src)
    // Image resizing code ...
    return nil
}

func NewImageProcessor() *ImageProcessor {
    // ... return an instance
}

In your application code, import the above package and use Client to put tasks on the queue.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "time"

    "github.com/hibiken/asynq"
    "your/app/package/tasks"
)

const redisAddr = "127.0.0.1:6379"

func main() {
    r := asynq.RedisClientOpt{Addr: redisAddr}
    c := asynq.NewClient(r)
    defer c.Close()

    // ------------------------------------------------------
    // Example 1: Enqueue task to be processed immediately.
    //            Use (*Client).Enqueue method.
    // ------------------------------------------------------

    t := tasks.NewEmailDeliveryTask(42, "some:template:id")
    res, err := c.Enqueue(t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("could not enqueue task: %v", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Enqueued Result: %+v\n", res)


    // ------------------------------------------------------------
    // Example 2: Schedule task to be processed in the future.
    //            Use ProcessIn or ProcessAt option.
    // ------------------------------------------------------------

    t = tasks.NewEmailDeliveryTask(42, "other:template:id")
    res, err = c.Enqueue(t, asynq.ProcessIn(24*time.Hour))
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("could not schedule task: %v", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Enqueued Result: %+v\n", res)


    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Example 3: Set other options to tune task processing behavior.
    //            Options include MaxRetry, Queue, Timeout, Deadline, Unique etc.
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    c.SetDefaultOptions(tasks.TypeImageResize, asynq.MaxRetry(10), asynq.Timeout(3*time.Minute))

    t = tasks.NewImageResizeTask("some/blobstore/path")
    res, err = c.Enqueue(t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("could not enqueue task: %v", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Enqueued Result: %+v\n", res)

    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Example 4: Pass options to tune task processing behavior at enqueue time.
    //            Options passed at enqueue time override default ones, if any.
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    t = tasks.NewImageResizeTask("some/blobstore/path")
    res, err = c.Enqueue(t, asynq.Queue("critical"), asynq.Timeout(30*time.Second))
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("could not enqueue task: %v", err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Enqueued Result: %+v\n", res)
}

Next, start a worker server to process these tasks in the background.
To start the background workers, use Server and provide your Handler to process the tasks.

You can optionally use ServeMux to create a handler, just as you would with "net/http" Handler.

package main

import (
    "log"

    "github.com/hibiken/asynq"
    "your/app/package/tasks"
)

const redisAddr = "127.0.0.1:6379"

func main() {
    r := asynq.RedisClientOpt{Addr: redisAddr}

    srv := asynq.NewServer(r, asynq.Config{
        // Specify how many concurrent workers to use
        Concurrency: 10,
        // Optionally specify multiple queues with different priority.
        Queues: map[string]int{
            "critical": 6,
            "default":  3,
            "low":      1,
        },
        // See the godoc for other configuration options
    })

    // mux maps a type to a handler
    mux := asynq.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc(tasks.TypeEmailDelivery, tasks.HandleEmailDeliveryTask)
    mux.Handle(tasks.TypeImageResize, tasks.NewImageProcessor())
    // ...register other handlers...

    if err := srv.Run(mux); err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("could not run server: %v", err)
    }
}

For a more detailed walk-through of the library, see our Getting Started Guide.

To Learn more about asynq features and APIs, see our Wiki and godoc.

Command Line Tool

Asynq ships with a command line tool to inspect the state of queues and tasks.

Here's an example of running the stats command.

For details on how to use the tool, refer to the tool's README.

Installation

To install asynq library, run the following command:

go get -u github.com/hibiken/asynq

To install the CLI tool, run the following command:

go get -u github.com/hibiken/asynq/tools/asynq

Requirements

Dependency	Version
Redis	v3.0+
Go	v1.13+

Contributing

We are open to, and grateful for, any contributions (Github issues/pull-requests, feedback on Gitter channel, etc) made by the community. Please see the Contribution Guide before contributing.

Acknowledgements

Sidekiq : Many of the design ideas are taken from sidekiq and its Web UI
RQ : Client APIs are inspired by rq library.
Cobra : Asynq CLI is built with cobra

License

Asynq is released under the MIT license. See LICENSE.

mingrammer/asynq