GraphQL is developed by Facebook and the community, released in 2015, has many implementations in many languages
So we know about REST APIs, they can have endpoints, we can post data or get data from those endpoints
-- /users/:id/
-- /foo/baz/bar
But when things grow, more and more endpoints are required, and
a lot of unnecessary data is fetched, like when we want to get a an author's
books from a book id, we will send a request to /books/:id to get the book
(2 roundtrips from client/server), with more
unnecessary data that you don't need such as the release date, sales ....
Then you get the author id, make ANOTHER request to /authors/getprofile/:id to
get the author with more data you don't wanna fetch (4 roundtrips total),
and then you wanna get all their books, ANOTHER request to
/books/fromauthor/:id. it's now 6 roundtrips! But now with graphql
we have one, single, endpoint /graphql where we can send a query,
query { author { books } }
SOOO 2 roundtrips, one single endpoint, one request, boom!