services	platforms	author
active-directory	dotnet	dstrockis

Calling a web API in a web app using Azure AD and OpenID Connect

This sample shows how to build an MVC web application that uses Azure AD for sign-in using the OpenID Connect protocol, and then calls a web API under the signed-in user's identity using tokens obtained via OAuth 2.0. This sample uses the OpenID Connect ASP.Net OWIN middleware and ADAL .Net.

For more information about how the protocols work in this scenario and other scenarios, see Authentication Scenarios for Azure AD.

Looking for previous versions of this code sample? Check out the tags on the releases GitHub page.

How To Run This Sample

To run this sample you will need:

Visual Studio 2013
An Internet connection
An Azure subscription (a free trial is sufficient)

Every Azure subscription has an associated Azure Active Directory tenant. If you don't already have an Azure subscription, you can get a free subscription by signing up at http://wwww.windowsazure.com. All of the Azure AD features used by this sample are available free of charge.

Step 1: Clone or download this repository

From your shell or command line:

git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/active-directory-dotnet-webapp-webapi-openidconnect.git

Step 2: Create a user account in your Azure Active Directory tenant

If you already have a user account in your Azure Active Directory tenant, you can skip to the next step. This sample will not work with a Microsoft account, so if you signed in to the Azure portal with a Microsoft account and have never created a user account in your directory before, you need to do that now. If you create an account and want to use it to sign-in to the Azure portal, don't forget to add the user account as a co-administrator of your Azure subscription.

Step 3: Register the sample with your Azure Active Directory tenant

There are two projects in this sample. Each needs to be separately registered in your Azure AD tenant.

Register the TodoListService web API

Sign in to the Azure portal.
On the top bar, click on your account and under the Directory list, choose the Active Directory tenant where you wish to register your application.
Click on More Services in the left hand nav, and choose Azure Active Directory.
Click on App registrations and choose Add.
Enter a friendly name for the application, for example 'TodoListService' and select 'Web Application and/or Web API' as the Application Type. For the sign-on URL, enter the base URL for the sample, which is by default https://localhost:44321. Click on Create to create the application.
While still in the Azure portal, choose your application, click on Settings and choose Properties.
Find the Application ID value and copy it to the clipboard.

Register the TodoListWebApp web app

Sign in to the Azure portal.
On the top bar, click on your account and under the Directory list, choose the Active Directory tenant where you wish to register your application.
Click on More Services in the left hand nav, and choose Azure Active Directory.
Click on App registrations and choose Add.
Enter a friendly name for the application, for example 'TodoListWebApp' and select 'Web Application and/or Web API' as the Application Type. For the sign-on URL, enter the base URL for the sample, which is by default https://localhost:44322. NOTE: It is important, due to the way Azure AD matches URLs, to ensure there is a trailing slash on the end of this URL. If you don't include the trailing slash, you will receive an error when the application attempts to redeem an authorization code. Click on Create to create the application.
While still in the Azure portal, choose your application, click on Settings and choose Properties.
Find the Application ID value and copy it to the clipboard.
On the same page, change the Logout Url property to https://localhost:44322/Account/EndSession. This is the default single sign out URL for this sample.
From the Settings menu, choose Keys and add a key - select a key duration of either 1 year or 2 years. When you save this page, the key value will be displayed, copy and save the value in a safe location - you will need this key later to configure the project in Visual Studio - this key value will not be displayed again, nor retrievable by any other means, so please record it as soon as it is visible from the Azure Portal.
Configure Permissions for your application - in the Settings menu, choose the 'Required permissions' section, click on Add, then Select an API, and type 'TodoListService' in the textbox. Then, click on Select Permissions and select 'Access TodoListService'.

Step 4: Configure the sample to use your Azure AD tenant

Configure the TodoListService project

Open the solution in Visual Studio 2013.
Open the web.config file.
Find the app key ida:Tenant and replace the value with your AAD tenant name.
Find the app key ida:Audience and replace the value with the App ID URI for the service.

Configure the TodoListWebApp project

Open the solution in Visual Studio 2013.
Open the web.config file.
Find the app key ida:Tenant and replace the value with your AAD tenant name.
Find the app key ida:ClientId and replace the value with the Application ID for the TodoListWebApp from the Azure portal.
Find the app key ida:AppKey and replace the value with the key for the TodoListWebApp from the Azure portal.
If you changed the base URL of the TodoListWebApp sample, find the app key ida:PostLogoutRedirectUri and replace the value with the new base URL of the sample.
Find the app key todo:TodoListBaseAdress ane make sure it has the correct value for the address of the TodoListService project.
Find the app key todo:TodoListResourceId and replace the value with the App ID URI registered for the TodoListService.

Step 5: Trust the IIS Express SSL certificate

Since the web API is SSL protected, the client of the API (the web app) will refuse the SSL connection to the web API unless it trusts the API's SSL certificate. Use the following steps in Windows Powershell to trust the IIS Express SSL certificate. You only need to do this once. If you fail to do this step, calls to the TodoListService will always throw an unhandled exception where the inner exception message is:

"The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel."

To configure your computer to trust the IIS Express SSL certificate, begin by opening a Windows Powershell command window as Administrator.

Query your personal certificate store to find the thumbprint of the certificate for CN=localhost:

PS C:\windows\system32> dir Cert:\LocalMachine\My


    Directory: Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::LocalMachine\My


Thumbprint                                Subject
----------                                -------
C24798908DA71693C1053F42A462327543B38042  CN=localhost

Next, add the certificate to the Trusted Root store:

PS C:\windows\system32> $cert = (get-item cert:\LocalMachine\My\C24798908DA71693C1053F42A462327543B38042)
PS C:\windows\system32> $store = (get-item cert:\Localmachine\Root)
PS C:\windows\system32> $store.Open("ReadWrite")
PS C:\windows\system32> $store.Add($cert)
PS C:\windows\system32> $store.Close()

You can verify the certificate is in the Trusted Root store by running this command:

PS C:\windows\system32> dir Cert:\LocalMachine\Root

Step 6: Run the sample

Clean the solution, rebuild the solution, and run it. You might want to go into the solution properties and set both projects as startup projects, with the service project starting first.

Explore the sample by signing in, clicking the User Profile and To Do List links, adding items to the To Do list, signing out, and starting again.

How To Deploy This Sample to Azure

To deploy the TodoListService and TodoListWebApp to Azure Web Sites, you will create two web sites, publish each project to a web site, and update the TodoListWebApp to call the web site instead of IIS Express.

Create and Publish the TodoListService to an Azure Web Site

Sign in to the Azure portal.
Click New in the top left hand corner, select Web + Mobile --> Web App, select the hosting plan and region, and give your web site a name, e.g. todolistservice-contoso.azurewebsites.net. Click Create Web Site.
Once the web site is created, click on it to manage it. For this set of steps, download the publish profile and save it. Other deployment mechanisms, such as from source control, can also be used.
Switch to Visual Studio and go to the TodoListService project. Right click on the project in the Solution Explorer and select Publish. Click Import, and import the publish profile that you just downloaded.
On the Connection tab, update the Destination URL so that it is https, for example https://todolistservice-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net. Click Next.
On the Settings tab, make sure Enable Organizational Authentication is NOT selected. Click Publish.
Visual Studio will publish the project and automatically open a browser to the URL of the project. If you see the default web page of the project, the publication was successful.

Create a TodoListWebApp Azure Web Site

Sign in to the Azure portal.
Click New in the top left hand corner, select Web + Mobile --> Web App, select the hosting plan and region, and give your web site a name, e.g. todolistservice-contoso.azurewebsites.net. Click Create Web Site.
Once the web site is created, click on it to manage it. For this set of steps, download the publish profile and save it. Other deployment mechanisms, such as from source control, can also be used.

Update the TodoListWebApp to call the TodoListService Running in Azure Web Sites

In Visual Studio, go to the TodoListWebApp project.
Open web.config. Two changes are needed - first, update the todo:TodoListBaseAddress key value to be the address of the website you published, e.g. https://todolistservice-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net. Second, update the ida:PostLogoutRedirectUri key value to be the address of website you published, e.g. https://todolistwebapp-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net.

Update the Application Configurations in the Directory Tenant

Sign in to the Azure portal.
On the top bar, click on your account and under the Directory list, choose the Active Directory tenant where you wish to register your application.
Click on More Services in the left hand nav, and choose Azure Active Directory.
Click on App registrations and select the TodoListService application.
Click on Settings and then chose Reply URLs and add the reply URL of your service, for example https://todolistservice-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net.
Go back to the Settings page, choose Properties and update the Sign-on URL to the address of your service, for example https://todolistservice-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net.
Navigate to the TodoListWebApp application within your Active Directory tenant.
Update the Sign-on URL and Reply URL, following steps #4 and #5, to the address of your web app, for example https://todolistwebapp-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net.

Publish the TodoListWebApp to the Azure Web Site

In Visual Studio, right click on the TodoListWebApp project in the Solution Explorer and select Publish. Click Import, and import the publish profile that you downloaded.
On the Connection tab, update the Destination URL so that it is https, for example https://todolistwebapp-skwantoso.azurewebsites.net. Click Next.
On the Settings tab, make sure Enable Organizational Authentication is NOT selected. Click Publish.
Visual Studio will publish the project and automatically open a browser to the URL of the project. If you see the default web page of the project, the publication was successful.

NOTE: Remember, the To Do list is stored in memory in this TodoListService sample. Azure Web Sites will spin down your web site if it is inactive, and your To Do list will get emptied. Also, if you increase the instance count of the web site, requests will be distributed among the instances and the To Do will not be the same on each instance.

About The Code

Coming soon.

How To Recreate This Sample

First, in Visual Studio 2013 create an empty solution to host the projects. Then, follow these steps to create each project.

Creating the TodoListService Project

In the solution, create a new ASP.Net MVC web API project called TodoListService and while creating the project, click the Change Authentication button, select Organizational Accounts, Cloud - Single Organization, enter the name of your Azure AD tenant, and set the Access Level to Single Sign On. You will be prompted to sign-in to your Azure AD tenant. NOTE: You must sign-in with a user that is in the tenant; you cannot, during this step, sign-in with a Microsoft account.
In the Models folder add a new class called TodoItem.cs. Copy the implementation of TodoItem from this sample into the class.
Add a new, empty, Web API 2 controller called TodoListController.
Copy the implementation of the TodoListController from this sample into the controller. Don't forget to add the [Authorize] attribute to the class.
In TodoListController resolving missing references by adding using statements for System.Collections.Concurrent, TodoListService.Models, System.Security.Claims.

Creating the TodoListWebApp Project

In the solution, create a new ASP.Net MVC web application called TodoListWebApp with Authentication set to No Authentication.
Set SSL Enabled to be True. Note the SSL URL.
In the project properties, Web properties, set the Project Url to be the SSL URL.
Add the following ASP.Net OWIN middleware NuGets: Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocol.Extensions, System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt, Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect, Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies, Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.
Add the Active Directory Authentication Library NuGet (Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory).
In the App_Start folder, create a class Startup.Auth.cs. You will need to remove .App_Start from the namespace name. Replace the code for the Startup class with the code from the same file of the sample app. Be sure to take the whole class definition! The definition changes from public class Startup to public partial class Startup.
Right-click on the project, select Add, select "OWIN Startup class", and name the class "Startup". If "OWIN Startup Class" doesn't appear in the menu, instead select "Class", and in the search box enter "OWIN". "OWIN Startup class" will appear as a selection; select it, and name the class Startup.cs.
In Startup.cs, replace the code for the Startup class with the code from the same file of the sample app. Again, note the definition changes from public class Startup to public partial class Startup.
In the Views --> Shared folder, create a new partial view _LoginPartial.cshtml. Replace the contents of the file with the contents of the file of same name from the sample.
In the Views --> Shared folder, replace the contents of _Layout.cshtml with the contents of the file of same name from the sample. Effectively, all this will do is add a single line, @Html.Partial("_LoginPartial"), that lights up the previously added _LoginPartial view.
Create a new empty controller called AccountController. Replace the implementation with the contents of the file of same name from the sample.
If you want the user to be required to sign-in before they can see any page of the app, then in the HomeController, decorate the HomeController class with the [Authorize] attribute. If you leave this out, the user will be able to see the home page of the app without having to sign-in first, and can click the sign-in link on that page to get signed in.
In the Models folder add a new class called TodoItem.cs. Copy the implementation of TodoItem from this sample into the class.
In the Models folder add a new class called UserProfile.cs. Copy the implementation of UserProfile from this sample into the class.
In the project, create a new folder called Utils. In the folder, create a new class called NaiveSessionCache.cs. Copy the implementation of the class from the sample.
Add a new empty MVC5 controller TodoListController to the project. Copy the implementation of the controller from the sample. Remember to include the [Authorize] attribute on the class definition.
Add a new empty MVC5 controller UserProfileController to the project. Copy the implementation of the controller from the sample. Again, remember to include the [Authorize] attribute on the class definition.
In Views --> TodoList create a new view, Index.cshtml, and copy the implementation from this sample.
In Views --> UserProfile create a new view, Index.cshtml, and copy the implementation from this sample.
In the shared _Layout view, make sure the Action Links for Profile and To Do List that are in the sample have been added.
In web.config, in <appSettings>, create keys for ida:ClientId, ida:AppKey, ida:AADInstance, ida:Tenant, ida:PostLogoutRedirectUri, ida:GraphResourceId, and ida:GraphUserUrl and set the values accordingly. For the public Azure AD, the value of ida:AADInstance is https://login.windows.net/{0} the value of ida:GraphResourceId is https://graph.windows.net, and the value of ida:GraphUserUrl is https://graph.windows.net/{0}/me?api-version=2013-11-08.
In web.config in <appSettings>, create keys for todo:TodoListResourceId and todo:TodoListBaseAddress and set the values accordinly.
In web.config add this line in the <system.web> section: <sessionState timeout="525600" />. This increases the ASP.Net session state timeout to it's maximum value so that access tokens and refresh tokens cache in session state aren't cleared after the default timeout of 20 minutes.

Finally, in the properties of the solution itself, set both projects as startup projects.

mpeder/active-directory-dotnet-webapp-webapi-openidconnect