/history_particles_scitech

History of Particles Machines (Technology and some Science)

HISTORY OF PARTICLE ACCELERATOR MACHINES AND SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY (MACHINES + Science)

  • CYCLOTRON (1932): spiral accelerator of charged particles with target (medical applications, new materials)
  • KLYSTRON (1936): linear accelerator
  • SYNCHROCYCLOTRON (1946): medical applications + new materials -> charged particles on targets (cyclortron + variable frequency)
  • SYNCHROTRON (1948-1949): produce light in different EM regions
  • CERN IDEA IS BORN (1949)
  • TOKAMAK (1950): fusion reactor idea and design
  • STELLATOR (1950): fusion reactor idea and design
  • CERN CONSTRUCTION BEGINS (1954)
  • COLLIDERS (1960): are a type of synchrotrons and use its technology to accelerate particles.
  • GYROTRON (1963): produce sub-millimeter wavelength radiation to inject energy
  • INTERNET (1960): MIT Internet articles (1961 first studies about packet commutation) (1969 ARPANET first packets) (1983 adopts TCP/IP)
  • CERN FIRST COLLISION (1971)
  • WWW World Wide Web IS BORN AT CERN (1990)
  • JET TOKAMAK (1991): first controlled reaction at JET