各种唯一标识id：

dmidecode -s system-uuid or cat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/product_uuid

cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id

cat /etc/machine-id or cat /var/lib/dbus/machine-id

dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number （不支持虚拟机）

产生新的UUID

dbus-uuidgen

[root@localhost /]# dmidecode -s baseboard-serial-number 
0
[root@localhost /]# cat /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
e2913f3e946b48fd8526261e8c1b51b7
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/machine-id
e2913f3e946b48fd8526261e8c1b51b7
[root@localhost /]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id
6d84e2b1-6932-4245-b4d2-ea1edc0dee0b
[root@localhost /]# dmidecode -s system-uuid
b6a54470-e9f7-c345-958c-100360c08056
[root@localhost mnt]# cat /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/product_uuid
b6a54470-e9f7-c345-958c-100360c08056

注意：上边所有UUID和CPUID，包括mac地址（虚拟机复制）均有可能`单独`不唯一，尝试了很多物理机和虚拟机（docker）后发现，所有UUID组合时没有重复情况，所以把所有ID组合后做hash来作为唯一标识是上上策，仅限linux

因自己的项目用的java，未修改此分支代码

以下原说明：

machineid provides support for reading the unique machine id of most host OS's (without admin privileges)

… because sometimes you just need to reliably identify your machines.

Fork

This is a fork of github.com/denisbrodbeck/machineid. The fork solve some issues in the original library (docker support and customizable machine-id file, macOS cron support, ...).

Main Features

Cross-Platform (tested on Win7+, Debian 8+, Ubuntu 14.04+, OS X 10.6+, FreeBSD 11+)
No admin privileges required
Hardware independent (no usage of MAC, BIOS or CPU — those are too unreliable, especially in a VM environment)
IDs are unique¹ to the installed OS

Installation

Get the library with

go get github.com/panta/machineid

You can also add the cli app directly to your $GOPATH/bin with

go get github.com/panta/machineid/cmd/machineid

Usage

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "log"
  "github.com/panta/machineid"
)

func main() {
  id, err := machineid.ID()
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(id)
}

Or even better, use securely hashed machine IDs:

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "log"
  "github.com/panta/machineid"
)

func main() {
  id, err := machineid.ProtectedID("myAppName")
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(id)
}

Function: ID() (string, error)

Returns original machine id as a string.

Function: ProtectedID(appID string) (string, error)

Returns hashed version of the machine ID as a string. The hash is generated in a cryptographically secure way, using a fixed, application-specific key (calculates HMAC-SHA256 of the app ID, keyed by the machine ID).

What you get

This package returns the OS native machine UUID/GUID, which the OS uses for internal needs.

All machine IDs are usually generated during system installation and stay constant for all subsequent boots.

The following sources are used:

BSD uses /etc/hostid and smbios.system.uuid as a fallback
Linux uses $MACHINE_ID_FILE (if not empty), /var/lib/dbus/machine-id, /etc/machine-id (man)
OS X uses IOPlatformUUID
Windows uses the MachineGuid from HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography

Unique Key Reliability

Do note, that machine-id and MachineGuid can be changed by root/admin, although that may not come without cost (broken system services and more). Most IDs won't be regenerated by the OS, when you clone/image/restore a particular OS installation. This is a well known issue with cloned windows installs (not using the official sysprep tools).

Linux users can generate a new id with dbus-uuidgen and put the id into /var/lib/dbus/machine-id and /etc/machine-id. Windows users can use the sysprep toolchain to create images, which produce valid images ready for distribution. Such images produce a new unique machine ID on each deployment.

Security Considerations

A machine ID uniquely identifies the host. Therefore it should be considered "confidential", and must not be exposed in untrusted environments. If you need a stable unique identifier for your app, do not use the machine ID directly.

A reliable solution is to hash the machine ID in a cryptographically secure way, using a fixed, application-specific key.

That way the ID will be properly unique, and derived in a constant way from the machine ID but there will be no way to retrieve the original machine ID from the application-specific one.

Do something along these lines:

package main

import (
  "crypto/hmac"
  "crypto/sha256"
  "fmt"
  "github.com/panta/machineid"
)

const appKey = "WowSuchNiceApp"

func main() {
  id, _ := machineid.ID()
  fmt.Println(protect(appKey, id))
  // Output: dbabdb7baa54845f9bec96e2e8a87be2d01794c66fdebac3df7edd857f3d9f97
}

func protect(appID, id string) string {
  mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(id))
  mac.Write([]byte(appID))
  return fmt.Sprintf("%x", mac.Sum(nil))
}

Or simply use the convenience API call:

hashedID, err := machineid.ProtectedID("myAppName")

Snippets

Don't want to download code, and just need a way to get the data by yourself?

BSD:

cat /etc/hostid
# or (might be empty)
kenv -q smbios.system.uuid

Linux:

cat /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
# or when not found (e.g. Fedora 20)
cat /etc/machine-id

OS X:

ioreg -rd1 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | grep IOPlatformUUID

Windows:

reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography /v MachineGuid

Open Windows Registry via regedit
Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography
Take value of key MachineGuid

Credits

The original library was created by Denis Brodbeck. The Go gopher was created by Denis Brodbeck with gopherize.me, based on original artwork from Renee French.

License

The MIT License (MIT) — Denis Brodbeck. Please have a look at the LICENSE.md for more details.

mzky/machineid