## 一、前言 InnoDB中索引块的内部组织一直是大家比较感兴趣并且乐于研究的东西,我们从很多书籍和文章都不惜笔墨进行大量的描述比如<<MySQL运维内参>>中就能感受到作者用了大量篇幅描述什么是slot、什么是heap、记录的逻辑和物理顺序是怎么样的。 但是我们却很难直观的看到,因为数据文件是二进制文件。虽然我们可以通过例如LINUX的hexdump等类似命令进行查看,但是大量的16进制信息很难直观的提取出各种有用的信息,相信不少人和笔者一样都是通过肉眼进行查看,但是这显然是一种吃力又不讨好的方法。 在Oracle中我们可以通过dump block的方法查看block的信息,那么InnoDB是否也可以这样呢? 本着这种让大家更加直观的观察到底层索引块的信息的宗旨,笔者直接借用源码中的各种宏定义,使用C++和STL list容器实现了这样一个工具**innblock**。由于工作原因不能全身心投入代码编写,代码有些混乱。所以如果有bug还请大家见谅以及提出,笔者会尽快进行更新,感谢。 ### 约定 >index page(索引页、索引块),InnoDB表是基于聚集索引的索引组织表,整个表其实不是聚集索引,就是普通索引。因此InnoDB表空间文件中,数据页其实也是索引页,所以下面我们统称为索引页,英文用page no表示; ## 二、innblock简介 本工具有2个功能。 第一个scan功能用于查找ibd文件中所有的索引页。 第二个analyze功能用于扫描数据块里的row data。 先看下 help 输出 ``` ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Author]:gaopeng [Blog]:blog.itpub.net/7728585/abstract/1/ [QQ]:22389860 [Review]:yejinrong@zhishutang [Blog]:imysql.com [QQ]:4700963 -------USAGE:../innblock Datafile [scan/pageno] Blocksize [Datafile]:innodb data file! [scan]:physical scan data file to find index level and index block no [pageno]:which block you will parse [Blocksize](KB):block size of KB general is 16k only 4k/8k/16k/32k ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ``` - scan功能 ``` [root@test test]# ./innblock testblock.ibd scan 16 ``` - analyze功能 ``` [root@test test]# ./innblock testblock.ibd 3 16 ``` 可以执行 ```innblock help``` 获得更详细的使用帮助信息。 ## 三、innblock的限制 1. 不支持REDUNDANT行格式的数据文件; 1. 只支持LINUX x64平台; 1. 本工具直接读取物理文件,部分dirty page可能延时刷盘而未能被读取到,可以让InnoDB及时刷盘再重新读取; 1. 最好在MySQL 5.6/5.7版本下测试; 1. 只能解析索引页,不支持inode page、undo log等类型的page; 1. scan功能会包含delete后的索引块和drop了的索引块. 1. 不能读取详细的row data; 1. 建议采用独立表空间模式,更便于观察; 1. 建议仅在测试环境下学习和研究使用。 ## 四、innblock怎么用 首先,创建测试表,填充数据 ``` mysql> create table testblock ( id1 int primary key, name varchar(30), id3 int, key(name), key(id3)); mysql> insert into testblock values(1,'gao',1),(2,'gao',2),(3,'gao',3),(4,'gao',4); mysql> delete from testblock where id1=1; ``` ### 1. 测试scan功能,扫描所有index page ``` [root@test]# innblock testblock.ibd scan 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to use this block analyze tool: [Author]:gaopeng [Blog]:blog.itpub.net/7728585/abstract/1/ [QQ]:22389860 [Review]:yejinrong@zhishutang [Blog]:imysql.com [QQ]:4700963 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Datafile Total Size:131072 ===INDEX_ID:248 level0 total block is (1) block_no: 3,level: 0|*| ===INDEX_ID:249 level0 total block is (1) block_no: 4,level: 0|*| ===INDEX_ID:250 level0 total block is (1) block_no: 5,level: 0|*| ``` 我们发现有3个索引,索引ID(INDEX_ID)分别是 248、249、250,查看数据字典确认 ``` mysql> SELECT A.SPACE AS TBL_SPACEID, A.TABLE_ID, A.NAME AS TABLE_NAME, FILE_FORMAT, ROW_FORMAT, SPACE_TYPE, B.INDEX_ID , B.NAME AS INDEX_NAME, PAGE_NO, B.TYPE AS INDEX_TYPE FROM INNODB_SYS_TABLES A LEFT JOIN INNODB_SYS_INDEXES B ON A.TABLE_ID =B.TABLE_ID WHERE A.NAME = 'test/testblock’; +-------------+----------+----------------+-------------+------------+------------+----------+------------+---------+------------+ | TBL_SPACEID | TABLE_ID | TABLE_NAME | FILE_FORMAT | ROW_FORMAT | SPACE_TYPE | INDEX_ID | INDEX_NAME | PAGE_NO | INDEX_TYPE | +-------------+----------+----------------+-------------+------------+------------+----------+------------+---------+------------+ | 242 | 168 | test/testblock | Barracuda | Dynamic | Single | 248 | PRIMARY | 3 | 3 | | 242 | 168 | test/testblock | Barracuda | Dynamic | Single | 249 | name | 4 | 0 | | 242 | 168 | test/testblock | Barracuda | Dynamic | Single | 250 | id3 | 5 | 0 | +-------------+----------+----------------+-------------+------------+------------+----------+------------+---------+------------+ ``` ### 2. analyze功能展示 我们选取 pageno=3 那个索引页进行扫描,可见下面信息 ``` [root@test test]# innblock testblock.ibd 3 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to use this block analyze tool: [Author]:gaopeng [Blog]:blog.itpub.net/7728585/abstract/1/ [QQ]:22389860 [Review]:yejinrong@zhishutang [Blog]:imysql.com [QQ]:4700963 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:6 n_rows:3 heap_top:244 del_bytes:31 last_ins_offset:0 page_dir:2 page_n_dir:3 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510679871 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:1 del rows list(logic): (1) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:4 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` ## 五、输出信息详解 我在工具的help文档中也有详细的解释,这里单独对analyze功能解析数据块的输出详解一番,并且我也会给出这些值来自源码的哪个宏定义。这部分知识点在<<MySQL运维内参>>中也有详细说明。 ### 1、基本信息(Block base info) - [block_no]:page offset no inside space,begin is 0(取自 FIL_PAGE_OFFSET) 索引页码(index page no),该页相对于表空间的偏移量,从0开始计数。如果page no = 3,则实际上是第4个index page。 - [space_id]:this contains the space id of the page(FIL_PAGE_SPACE_ID) 本索引页所属的表空间ID,可以在 INNODB_SYS_TABLES、INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES、INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES 等系统视图中查看。 - [index_id]:index id where the page belongs.This field should not be written to after page creation. (PAGE_INDEX_ID) 本索引页所属的索引ID,可以在 INNODB_SYS_INDEXES 系统视图中查看。 - [slot_nums]:number of slots in page directory(PAGE_N_DIR_SLOTS) 本索引页中所包含的slot(槽)的数量。 - [heaps_rows]:number of records in the heap include delete rows after purge and INFIMUM/SUPREMUM(取自PAGE_N_HEAP) 本索引页中的全部记录数量,这其中包含了已经deleted且已被purged的记录(这种记录会被放到索引页的garbage队列中),以及两个伪记录INFIMUM/SUPREMUM。 - [n_rows]:number of records not include delete rows after pruge and INFIMUM/SUPREMUM(PAGE_N_RECS) 本索引页中的记录数,不含deleted且已被purged的记录,以及两个伪记录INFIMUM、SUPREMUM。 - [heap_top]:pointer offset to record heap top (PAGE_HEAP_TOP) 指向本索引页已分配的最大物理存储空间的偏移量。 - [del_bytes]:number of bytes in deleted records after purge(PAGE_GARBAGE) 本索引页中所有deleted了的且已被purged的记录的总大小。 - [last_ins_offset]:pointer to the last inserted record, or NULL if this info has been reset by a delete(PAGE_LAST_INSERT) 指向本索引页最后插入记录的位置偏移量,如果最后操作是delete,则这个偏移量为空。通过判断索引页内数据最后插入的方向,用于索引分裂判断。 - [page_dir]:last insert direction: PAGE_LEFT, ...(PAGE_DIRECTION) 本索引页中数据最后插入的方向,同样用于索引分裂判断。 - [page_n_dir]:number of consecutive inserts to the same direction(PAGE_N_DIRECTION) 向同一个方向插入数据的行数,同样用于索引分裂中进行判断 - [leaf_inode_space leaf_inode_pag_no leaf_inode_offset]:leaf segment postion and in inode block offset,only root block(PAGE_BTR_SEG_LEAF开始 10字节) - [no_leaf_inode_space no_leaf_inode_pag_no no_leaf_inode_offset]:no_leaf segment postion and in inode block offset,only root block(取自PAGE_BTR_SEG_TOP 开始 10字节) 这6个值只在root节点会有信息,分别表示了叶子段和非叶子段的inode的位置和在inode块中的偏移量,其他块都为0。 - [last_modify_lsn]:lsn of the end of the newest modification log record to the page(FIL_PAGE_LSN) 本块最后一次修改的LSN。 - [page_type]:for this tool only B+_TREE(FIL_PAGE_TYPE) 对于本工具而言始终为B+ TREE,因为不支持其它page type。 - [level]:level of the node in an index tree; the leaf level is the level 0(PAGE_LEVEL) 本索引页所处的B+ TREE的层级。注意,叶子结点的PAGE LEVEL为0。 ### 2、四个相关链表(Block list info) - Total used rows:5 used rows list(logic): not delete purge rows and not delete logic sequence list(next offset list). 这个链表是逻辑有序链表,也是我们平时所说的块内数据有序的展示。它的顺序当然按照主键或者ROWID进行排列,因为是通过物理偏移量链表实现的,实际上就是逻辑上有序。我在实现的时候实际上是取了INFIMUM的偏移量开始进行扫描直到最后,但是注意被deleted且已经被purged的记录不在其中。 - Total used rows:5 used rows list(phy): not delete purge rows and not delete physics sequence list(sort by heap no). 这个链表是物理上的顺序,实际上就是heap no的顺序,我在实现的时候实际上就是将上面的逻辑链表按照heap no进行排序完成的,所以块内部是逻辑有序物理无序的,同样注意被deleted且已被purged的记录不在其中。 - Total del rows:1 del rows list(logic): purge delete logic sequence list(next offset list). 这个链表是逻辑上的,也就是被deleted且被purged后的记录都存在于这个链表中,通过读取块的PAGE_FREE获取链表信息。 - Total slot:2 slot list: slot physics sequence list. 这是slot(槽的)信息,通过扫描块尾部8字节以前信息进行分析得到,我们可以发现在slot中存储的是记录的偏移量。 在这里链表中包含一些信息,这里就用help中的解析给出了。 - [record offset]:real offset in block of this record. - [heapno]:physics heapno of this record. - [n_owned]:if this record is slot record n_owned is how many this slot include,other is 0. - [delflag]:this record is delete will Y,if not purge in list 1,if purge in list 3. - [rectype]: [REC_STATUS_ORDINARY=0(B+ leaf record) [REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR=1(not B+ leaf record)] [REC_STATUS_INFIMUM=2] [REC_STATUS_SUPREMUM=3] - [slot offset]:where(offset) this slot point,this is a record offset.no purge delete record. - [n_owned]:how many this slot include recorods.no purge delete record. ## 六、几个测试案列 本节全部使用测试表如下: ``` mysql> create table testblock ( id1 int primary key, name varchar(30), id3 int, key(name), key(id3) ); ``` 初始化测试数据: ``` mysql> insert into testblock values(1,'gao',1),(2,'gao',2),(3,'gao',3),(4,'gao',4); ``` ### 1、执行delete后还未commit的记录只打 delete 标记 发起事务,先执行delete,暂不commit ``` mysql> begin; delete from testblock where id1=1; ``` 分析结果: ``` [root@test]# innblock testblock.ibd 3 16 ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:6 n_rows:4 heap_top:244 del_bytes:0 last_ins_offset:220 page_dir:2 page_n_dir:3 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510695376 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:0 del rows list(logic): -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:5 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 我们看到其中有一条记录是 ``` (2) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 ``` 其 **delflag = Y**,**offset = 127**,这条记录只是delete,但还没 commit,也还没被 purged,因此不会出现在 del rows list链表中。 同时注意到几个信息: - del_bytes:0 - n_rows:4 - heaps_rows:6 三个信息结合起来看,表示还没有真正被清除的数据。 ### 2、执行delete后commit的记录,被purged后真正被清除,进入删除链表 接着上面的事务,继续执行commit ``` mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ``` 分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:6 n_rows:3 heap_top:244 del_bytes:31 last_ins_offset:0 page_dir:2 page_n_dir:3 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510695802 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:1 del rows list(logic): (1) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:4 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 我们看到,执行commit,这条偏移量为127的记录被purged后入了del rows list链表 ``` (1) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 ``` 其**delflag = Y**,同时我们观察到 - del_bytes:31 //上一次看到的值是 0 - n_rows:3 //上一次看到的值是 4 - heaps_rows:6 //和上一次的值一样,因为这里计算的是物理记录数 可见,commit且被purged的数据才是真正的删除(清除)。 ### 3、先删除后insert更大新记录,旧的heap no不会重用 上面删除的记录的heapno为2,接着插入新记录 ``` insert into testblock values(5,'gaopeng',1); ``` 显然它的长度大于删除记录的长度。 分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:7 n_rows:4 heap_top:279 del_bytes:31 last_ins_offset:251 page_dir:5 page_n_dir:0 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510695994 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:251 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) normal record offset:251 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:1 del rows list(logic): (1) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:5 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 我们看到有一条新记录 ``` (5) normal record offset:251 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 ``` 这条记录的**heapno = 6**,而删除的旧记录 **heapno=2**,这表明它没有重用del rows list中的空间,因为删除记录的空间根本放不下这条新记录,所以只能重新分配。同时我们注意到 **heap_top = 279 ** ,这里也发生了变化,体现了实际为这行数据分配了新的heapno。 ### 4、delete后,再insert更小或者相同大小记录,heap no会重用 在上面的基础上,我们插入新记录 ``` insert into testblock values(6,'gao',1); ``` 分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:7 n_rows:5 heap_top:279 del_bytes:0 last_ins_offset:127 page_dir:2 page_n_dir:1 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510700272 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:7 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:251 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (7) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 6,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:7 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 6,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (7) normal record offset:251 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:0 del rows list(logic): -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:6 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 我们这次新写入的数据长度和删除的数据长度一致,我们发现heapno重用了del rows list中的记录没有了,而在数据逻辑顺序中多了一条 ``` (6) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 ``` 我们发现**heapno=2**的记录 **delflag** 不再是 **Y**了,同时 **heap_top = 279 ** 也没有变化,**del_bytes:31** 变成了 **del_bytes:0**,都充分说明了这块空间得到重用。 ### 5、测试del list中的空间重用只会检测第一个条删除的记录 清空数据表后执行测试 ``` mysql> insert into testblock values(1,'gao',1),(2,'gao',2),(3,'gao',3),(4,'gaopeng',4); mysql> delete from testblock where id1=4; mysql> delete from testblock where id1=3; mysql> insert into testblock values(5,'gaopeng',5); ``` 在这里,我们先删除 **[id1=4]** 记录,后删除 **[id1=3]** 记录。 由于**del list是头插法**,所以后删除的 [id1=3] 的记录会放在del list链表的最头部,也就是 **[del list header] => [id1=3] => [id1=4]**。虽然 [id=4] 的记录空间足以容下新记录 (5,'gaopeng’,5),但并没被重用。**因为InnoDB只检测第一个 del list 中的第一个空位 [id1=3]**,显然这个记录空间不足以容下新记录 (5,’gaopeng',5),所以还是新开辟了heap。 分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:7 n_rows:3 heap_top:283 del_bytes:66 last_ins_offset:255 page_dir:5 page_n_dir:0 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510728551 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:255 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:255 heapno:6 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:2 del rows list(logic): (1) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 (2) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:4 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 我们看到 del list **有2条记录(没被重用),却新增加了 **heapno = 6** 的记录。 ### 6、del_bytes(PAGE_GARBAGE)是否包含碎片空间 从重组函数 **btr_page_reorganize_low** 来看,PAGE_GARBAGE确实包含了碎片空间。 清空数据表后执行测试 ``` mysql> insert into testblock values(1,'gao',1),(2,'gao',2),(3,'gao',3),(4,'gaopeng',4); mysql> delete from testblock where id1=4; ``` 分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:6 n_rows:3 heap_top:248 del_bytes:35 last_ins_offset:0 page_dir:2 page_n_dir:3 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510748484 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:5 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 4,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:1 del rows list(logic): (1) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:Y minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:4 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 注意这里 **del_bytes:35** 就是删除这条记录的空间的使用量。接下来执行SQL ``` mysql> insert into testblock values(5,'gao',5); ``` 再次分析结果: ``` ==== Block base info ==== block_no:3 space_id:242 index_id:248 slot_nums:2 heaps_rows:6 n_rows:4 heap_top:248 del_bytes:4 last_ins_offset:220 page_dir:5 page_n_dir:0 leaf_inode_space:242 leaf_inode_pag_no:2 leaf_inode_offset:242 no_leaf_inode_space:242 no_leaf_inode_pag_no:2 no_leaf_inode_offset:50 last_modify_lsn:510748643 page_type:B+_TREE level:0 ==== Block list info ==== -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(logic): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (3) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 -----Total used rows:6 used rows list(phy): (1) INFIMUM record offset:99 heapno:0 n_owned 1,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:2 (2) SUPREMUM record offset:112 heapno:1 n_owned 5,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:3 (3) normal record offset:127 heapno:2 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (4) normal record offset:158 heapno:3 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (5) normal record offset:189 heapno:4 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 (6) normal record offset:220 heapno:5 n_owned 0,delflag:N minflag:0 rectype:0 -----Total del rows:0 del rows list(logic): -----Total slot:2 slot list: (1) SUPREMUM slot offset:112 n_owned:5 (2) INFIMUM slot offset:99 n_owned:1 ``` 注意到 **del_bytes:4**,这个刚好就是 'gaopeng' 7字节减去 'gao' 3字节剩下的4字节,我们也看到了 **[heapno=5]** 这个记录被重用了(del list为空,heaono=5的记录 delflag 不为 Y)。 总之本工具可以按照你的想法进行各种测试和观察。 ## 七、内存泄露检测 实际上本工具我并没有显示的分配内存,内存分配基本使用了STL LIST容器检测结果如下: ``` ==11984== LEAK SUMMARY: ==11984== definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==11984== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==11984== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==11984== still reachable: 568 bytes in 1 blocks ==11984== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks ==11984== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown. ==11984== To see them, rerun with: --leak-check=full --show-reachable=yes ```