A simple implementation of a path tracer in different programming languages with some restrictions.
Checkout my blog posts about the development of this project.
## Restrictions Code should be simple, as in, easy to read and understand.
A single file per implementation, whenever possible.
Intersection finding algorithms must be the same in all implementations.
Brute force algorithm, no acceleration structures.
If the language allows vectorization, parallel or distributed processing, those must be used in different implementations, i.e. crb (C single threaded), cmprb (C using OpenMP, not yet implemented).
Code must follow best practices in formating and structure, according to the language in use.
- Output resolution: 1280x720
- Max Depth: 5
- Samples: 50
- Only spheres
- Image format: PPM
The C language implementation will be used as baseline, crb.c.
This implementation takes around 2 minutes to render the scene on a Basic A1 Microsoft Azure VM instance. That means 1 Core, 1.75 GB RAM, Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS.
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2673 v3 @ 2.40GHz
stepping : 2
microcode : 0xffffffff
cpu MHz : 2394.403
cache size : 30720 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms xsaveopt
bugs :
bogomips : 4788.80
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
C (crb.c) (gcc (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04) 7.4.0)
$ gcc crb.c -o crb -std=c11 -O3 -lm -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600
$ time ./crb
real 1m32.039s
user 1m30.197s
sys 0m1.039s
C with vector extensions (crb-vec.c)
$ gcc crb-vec.c -o crb-vec -std=c11 -O3 -lm -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600
$ time ./crb-vec
real 1m15.193s
user 1m13.722s
sys 0m0.893s
C Double Precision (crb-dbl.c)
$ gcc crb-dbl.c -o crb-dbl -std=c11 -O3 -lm -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600
$ time ./crb-dbl
real 2m26.546s
user 2m25.856s
sys 0m0.104s
Lua (luarb.lua)
$ time lua luarb.lua
real 611m38.925s
user 605m54.136s
sys 0m37.716s
$time luajit luarb.lua
real 225m58.621s
user 224m2.140s
sys 0m14.044s
Javascript (node.js v12.1.0)
$ time node jsrb.js
real 7m7.700s
user 6m50.256s
sys 0m13.321s
C# (.net core 2.2.203), improvements thanks to benaadams, FICTURE7 and lostmsu
dotnet build --configuration Release
$ time dotnet run --configuration Release
real 2m34.957s
user 2m30.212s
sys 0m2.625s
Haskell (The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 8.6.3), improvements thanks to jmikkola
$ ghc -O3 -o hsrb hsrb.hs
$ time ./hsrb
real 35m35.170s
user 34m39.833s
sys 0m30.666s
Python (version 2.7.15rc1)
$ time python pyrb.py
real 327m45.162s
user 320m5.804s
sys 3m44.487s
$ time pypy pyrb.py
real 14m2.406s
user 13m55.292s
sys 0m1.416s
Lisp (lisprb.lisp)
$ time sbcl --script lisprb.lisp
real 24m43.216s
user 24m27.772s
sys 0m4.972s
OCaml (ocamlrb.ml)
$ ocamlopt -inline 9 -unsafe -ccopt -O9 -o ocamlrb ocamlrb.ml
$ time ./ocamlrb
real 3m59.597s
user 3m58.036s
sys 0m0.432s
Elixir
$ time elixir elixirrb.exs
real 123m59.025s
user 118m2.504s
sys 4m16.504s
Elixir MP
$ time elixir elixirrb.mp.exs
real 138m48.241s
user 132m20.264s
sys 4m54.372s
Go (version 1.12.5), thanks to weberc2
$ time ./gorb
real 4m7.536s
user 3m57.942s
sys 0m6.745s
Nim (Compiler Version 0.19.4 [Linux: amd64])
$ time ./nimrb
real 1m29.043s
user 1m27.010s
sys 0m1.139s
Nim Double Precision (Compiler Version 0.19.4 [Linux: amd64])
$ time ./nimrb_dbl
real 2m17.034s
user 2m13.979s
sys 0m1.779s
Crystal (version 0.18.7)
$ crystal build --release crrb.cr
$ time ./crrb
real 2m1.735s
user 2m1.116s
sys 0m0.140s
Rust (rustc 1.34.1 (fc50f328b 2019-04-24)), thanks to tilpner
$ time cargo script rsrb.rs -d rand=0.3.14
Progress: 99%
real 1m12.964s
user 1m10.887s
sys 0m1.410s
Rust Alt (rustc 1.34.1 (fc50f328b 2019-04-24))
$ time cargo script rsrb_alt.rs -d rand=0.3.14
real 1m15.509s
user 1m13.896s
sys 0m0.962s
Java (1.7.0_111, OpenJDK IcedTea 2.6.7)
$ time java javarb
real 2m36.949s
user 2m34.344s
sys 0m1.832s
Julia (version 1.1.0), thanks to pierroelmito and staticfloat
$ time julia jlrb.jl
120.827142 seconds (663.19 k allocations: 44.870 MiB, 0.01% gc time)
real 2m2.025s
user 1m59.348s
sys 0m1.345s
Ruby (2.7.0dev (2019-05-13 trunk 2dc613815d) [x86_64-linux]), thanks to briankung
$ time ruby rbrb.rb
real 207m12.067s
user 202m19.372s
sys 2m16.687s
| Language | Running Time (s) | Version |
|---|---|---|
| Rust Alt | 17.4755 | rustc 1.53.0 |
| Swift | 21.4647 | Swift version 5.4.2 (swift-5.4.2-RELEASE) |
| Nim | 23.2373 | Nim Compiler Version 1.4.8 [Linux: amd64] |
| Scala | 24.8810 | Scala compiler version 2.13.6 -- Copyright 2002-2021, LAMP/EPFL and Lightbend, Inc. |
| Webassembly | 28.9251 | wasmer 2.0.0 |
| C# | 31.4052 | 5.0.202 |
| C | 34.6629 | gcc (GCC) 10.3.0 |
| Java | 35.0083 | javac 16 |
| Lisp | 38.4177 | SBCL 2.1.2.nixos |
| Go | 43.0722 | go version go1.16.7 linux/amd64 |
| Javascript | 108.9169 | v16.8.0 |
| LuaJIT | 2209.7823 | LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3 -- Copyright (C) 2005-2021 Mike Pall. https://luajit.org/ |
| Wren | 3080.1662 | wren 0.3.0 |
| Haxe | 3858.7298 | 4.2.1 |
| Lua | 7450.4894 | Lua 5.2.4 Copyright (C) 1994-2015 Lua.org, PUC-Rio |
| Language | Running Time (s) | Version |
|---|---|---|
| Wren | 0.0075 | |
| Rust Alt | 22.1112 | rustc 1.53.0 |
| Swift | 27.4875 | Swift version 5.4.2 (swift-5.4.2-RELEASE) |
| Nim | 29.8019 | Nim Compiler Version 1.4.8 [Linux: amd64] |
| Scala | 40.7265 | Scala compiler version 2.13.6 -- Copyright 2002-2021, LAMP/EPFL and Lightbend, Inc. |
| C# | 45.8363 | 5.0.202 |
| C | 49.5445 | gcc (GCC) 10.3.0 |
| Lisp | 50.5706 | SBCL 2.1.2.nixos |
| Java | 51.8577 | javac 16 |
| Go | 58.5328 | go version go1.16.7 linux/amd64 |
| Webassembly | 63.6267 | wasmer 2.0.0 |
| Javascript | 182.6355 | v16.8.0 |
| LuaJIT | 3255.1736 | LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta3 -- Copyright (C) 2005-2021 Mike Pall. https://luajit.org/ |
| Haxe | 6044.8931 | 4.2.1 |
| Lua | 10408.4416 | Lua 5.2.4 Copyright (C) 1994-2015 Lua.org, PUC-Rio |