Stack is a ruby implementation of the EVM which was written to make it easier to understand Ethereum at the bytecode level.
Learning Ethereum so close to the bytecode will give you major advantages in optimizing gas when writing solidity code. Security concerns will also become more understandable when you know exactly what you code compiles to.
Ruby is my favourite language and what I'm most comfortable expressing these concepts in. I think ruby is beautiful and makes a great language to read, even if you've never written it before.
I haven't implemented all opcodes. So far only one contract has been successfully implemented. More on their way.
Gas costs are minimally implemented and dynamic gas costs are missing.
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'stack'And then execute:
$ bundle install
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install stack
We can use the disassemble method to turn raw bytecode into more readable EVM assembly code.
require "stack"
puts Stack.disassemble("6005600401") #=>
# 0 PUSH1 => 05
# 2 PUSH1 => 04
# 4 ADDThese are resources I used to guide implementation along the way:
- https://www.evm.codes/
- https://github.com/CoinCulture/evm-tools/blob/master/analysis/ethersignal/ethersignal.md
- https://takenobu-hs.github.io/downloads/ethereum_evm_illustrated.pdf
After checking out the repo, run bin/setup to install dependencies.
Then, run rake spec to run the tests. You can also run bin/console
for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
To install this gem onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake install.
To release a new version, update the version number in version.rb, and
then run bundle exec rake release, which will create a git tag for the
version, push git commits and the created tag, and push the .gem file
to rubygems.org.
Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/nolantait/stack.
The gem is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.