If you use Git regularly, you're probably familiar with its built-in commands and how to use them. But did you know that you can create your own custom Git extensions to perform specific tasks?
Git extensions are simply shell scripts or executables that you can call using the git command. They can be written in any language that can be executed on the command line, including JavaScript.
In this tutorial, we'll walk you through the process of creating a simple Git extension using JavaScript. We'll cover how to define multiple functions, accept command line arguments, and handle unknown commands.
Use Cases for Custom Git Extensions Custom Git extensions can be useful in a variety of scenarios. For example:
Automating repetitive tasks, such as creating a new Git branch with a specific naming convention. Integrating with other tools or services, such as automatically updating a Jira ticket when a Git commit is made. Customizing Git's behavior to fit your specific workflow, such as enforcing specific commit message formatting. With a little bit of JavaScript knowledge, you can create custom Git extensions that streamline your workflow and save you time.
Before we get started, you'll need the following:
- Node.js installed on your machine
- A terminal (such as the command prompt on Windows or the Terminal app on macOS)
Create a new folder for your Git extension, and initialize it as a Git repository. You can do this with the following commands:
mkdir my-git-extension
cd my-git-extension
git init
We'll be using the commander package to parse command line arguments in our Git extension. You can install it with the following command:
npm install commander
In this example, we'll define two functions:
sayHello(): This function prints "Hello, World!" to the console.greetUser(name): This function takes a name argument and prints "Hello, name!" to the console. Here's what the code for these functions looks like:
const sayHello = () => {
console.log("Hello, World!");
};
const greetUser = (name) => {
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
};
To parse command line arguments in our Git extension, we'll use the commander package. Here's an example of how to use commander to define command line options:
const { program } = require("commander");
program
.command("hello")
.description("Say hello")
.action(() => {
sayHello();
});
program
.command("greet <name>")
.description("Greet a user by name")
.action((name) => {
greetUser(name);
});
program
.on("command:*", () => {
console.error("Invalid command: %s\n", program.args.join(" "));
program.help();
process.exit(1);
});
program.parse(process.argv);
In this example, we use commander to define two command line commands: hello and greet. The hello command calls the sayHello function, and the greet command takes a name argument and calls the greetUser function.
We also add an on("command:*") event handler to catch any unknowing command.
In order for your Git extension to be recognized by Git, you need to add an exec-path key to the git object in your package.json file. The value of this key should be the absolute path to the directory where your Git extension is located.
Here's an example of what your package.json file should look like:
{
"name": "my-git-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "A custom Git extension written in JavaScript",
"main": "index.js",
"bin": {
"git-extension": "index.js"
},
"git": {
"ext": "./"
},
"dependencies": {
"commander": "^8.2.0"
}
}
In this example, we've added an ext key to the git object with the value ./, which tells Git to look for custom Git extensions in the current directory.
To make your Git extension executable, you'll need to make your index.js file executable. You can do this with the following command:
chmod +x index.js
This command sets the executable bit on your index.js file, allowing you to execute it directly from the command line.
To test your Git extension, you can run it using the git extension command followed by the command and any necessary arguments. For example:
git extension hello // Output: "Hello, World!"
git extension greet Alice // Output: "Hello, Alice!"
git extension unknown // Output: "Invalid command: unknown"
In this tutorial, we've shown you how to create a custom Git extension using JavaScript. We've covered how to define multiple functions, accept command line arguments, handle unknown commands, modify package.json, and make your Git extension executable.
With this knowledge, you can create your own custom Git extensions to automate repetitive tasks, integrate with other tools or services, or customize Git's behavior to fit your specific workflow.
We hope this tutorial has been helpful to you.