/al-khaser

Public malware techniques used in the wild

Primary LanguageC++GNU General Public License v2.0GPL-2.0

##Al-Khaser v0.65

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Content

Introduction

al-khaser is a PoC malware with good intentions that aimes to stress your anti-malware system. It performs a bunch of nowadays malwares tricks and the goal is to see if you stay under the radar.

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Download

You can download the last stable release here.

Possible uses

  • You are making an anti-debug plugin and you want to check its effectiveness.
  • You want to ensure that your sandbox solution is hidden enough.
  • Or you want to ensure that your malware analysis environement is well hidden.

Please, if you encounter any of the anti-analysis tricks which you have seen in a malware, don't hesitate to contribute.

Features

Anti-debugging attacks

  • IsDebuggerPresent
  • CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent
  • Process Environement Block (BeingDebugged)
  • Process Environement Block (NtGlobalFlag)
  • ProcessHeap (Flags)
  • ProcessHeap (ForceFlags)
  • NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugPort)
  • NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugFlags)
  • NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugObject)
  • NtSetInformationThread (HideThreadFromDebugger)
  • NtQueryObject (ObjectTypeInformation)
  • NtQueryObject (ObjectAllTypesInformation)
  • CloseHanlde (NtClose) Invalide Handle
  • SetHandleInformation (Protected Handle)
  • UnhandledExceptionFilter
  • OutputDebugString (GetLastError())
  • Hardware Breakpoints (SEH / GetThreadContext)
  • Software Breakpoints (INT3 / 0xCC)
  • Memory Breakpoints (PAGE_GUARD)
  • Interrupt 0x2d
  • Interrupt 1
  • Parent Process (Explorer.exe)
  • SeDebugPrivilege (Csrss.exe)
  • NtYieldExecution / SwitchToThread

Anti-Dumping

  • Erase PE header from memory
  • SizeOfImage

Timing Attacks [Anti-Sandbox]

  • Sleep -> SleepEx -> NtDelayExecution
  • Sleep (in a loop a small delay)
  • Sleep and check if time was accelerated (GetTickCount)
  • SetTimer (Standard Windows Timers)
  • timeSetEvent (Multimedia Timers)
  • WaitForSingleObject -> WaitForSingleObjectEx -> NtWaitForSingleObject
  • WaitForMultipleObjects -> WaitForMultipleObjectsEx -> NtWaitForMultipleObjects (todo)
  • CreateWaitableTimer (todo)
  • CreateTimerQueueTimer (todo)
  • Big crypto loops (todo)

Human Interaction / Generic [Anti-Sandbox]

  • Mouse movement
  • Total Physical memory (GlobalMemoryStatusEx)
  • Disk size using DeviceIoControl (IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO)
  • Disk size using GetDiskFreeSpaceEx (TotalNumberOfBytes)
  • Mouse (Single click / Double click) (todo)
  • DialogBox (todo)
  • Scrolling (todo)
  • Execution after reboot (todo)
  • Count of processors (Win32/Tinba - Win32/Dyre)
  • Sandbox known product IDs (todo)
  • Color of background pixel (todo)
  • Keyboard layout (Win32/Banload) (todo)

Anti-Virtualization / Full-System Emulation

  • Registry key value artifacts

    • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VBOX)
    • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (QEMU)
    • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosVersion) (VBOX)
    • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosVersion) (QEMU)
    • HARDWARE\Description\System (VideoBiosVersion) (VIRTUALBOX)
    • HARDWARE\Description\System (SystemBiosDate) (06/23/99)
    • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 0\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)
    • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 1\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)
    • HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\Scsi\Scsi Port 2\Scsi Bus 0\Target Id 0\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)

  • Registry Keys artifacts

    • "HARDWARE\ACPI\DSDT\VBOX__"
    • "HARDWARE\ACPI\FADT\VBOX__"
    • "HARDWARE\ACPI\RSDT\VBOX__"
    • "SOFTWARE\Oracle\VirtualBox Guest Additions"
    • "SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxGuest"
    • "SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxMouse"
    • "SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxService"
    • "SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxSF"
    • "SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\VBoxVideo"
    • SOFTWARE\VMware, Inc.\VMware Tools
    • SOFTWARE\Wine

  • File system artifacts

    • "system32\drivers\VBoxMouse.sys"
    • "system32\drivers\VBoxGuest.sys"
    • "system32\drivers\VBoxSF.sys"
    • "system32\drivers\VBoxVideo.sys"
    • "system32\vboxdisp.dll"
    • "system32\vboxhook.dll"
    • "system32\vboxmrxnp.dll"
    • "system32\vboxogl.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglarrayspu.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglcrutil.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglerrorspu.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglfeedbackspu.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglpackspu.dll"
    • "system32\vboxoglpassthroughspu.dll"
    • "system32\vboxservice.exe"
    • "system32\vboxtray.exe"
    • "system32\VBoxControl.exe"
    • "system32\drivers\vmmouse.sys"
    • "system32\drivers\vmhgfs.sys"

  • Directories artifacts

    • "%PROGRAMFILES%\oracle\virtualbox guest additions\"
    • "%PROGRAMFILES%\VMWare\"

Memory artifacts - Interupt Descriptor Table (IDT) location - Local Descriptor Table (LDT) location - Global Descriptor Table (GDT) location - Task state segment trick with STR

  • MAC Address

    • "\x08\x00\x27" (VBOX)
    • "\x00\x05\x69" (VMWARE)
    • "\x00\x0C\x29" (VMWARE)
    • "\x00\x1C\x14" (VMWARE)
    • "\x00\x50\x56" (VMWARE)

  • Virtual devices

    • "\\.\VBoxMiniRdrDN"
    • "\\.\VBoxGuest"
    • "\\.\pipe\VBoxMiniRdDN"
    • "\\.\VBoxTrayIPC"
    • "\\.\pipe\VBoxTrayIPC")
    • "\\.\HGFS"
    • "\\.\vmci"

  • Hardware Device information

    • SetupAPI SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo (GUID_DEVCLASS_DISKDRIVE)
      • QEMU
      • VMWare
      • VBOX
      • VIRTUAL HD

  • Adapter name

    • VMWare

  • Windows Class

    • VBoxTrayToolWndClass
    • VBoxTrayToolWnd

  • Network shares

    • VirtualBox Shared Folders

  • Processes

    • vboxservice.exe (VBOX)
    • vboxtray.exe (VBOX)
    • vmtoolsd.exe (VMWARE)
    • vmwaretray.exe (VMWARE)
    • vmwareuser (VMWARE)
    • vmsrvc.exe (VirtualPC)
    • vmusrvc.exe (VirtualPC)
    • prl_cc.exe (Parallels)
    • prl_tools.exe (Parallels)
    • xenservice.exe (Citrix Xen)

  • WMI

    • SELECT * FROM Win32_Bios (SerialNumber) (VMWARE)
    • SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity (DeviceId) (VBOX)
    • SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration (MACAddress) (VBOX)
    • SELECT * FROM Win32_NTEventlogFile (VBOX)
    • SELECT * FROM Win32_Processor (NumberOfCores) (GENERIC)
    • SELECT * FROM Win32_LogicalDisk (Size) (GENERIC)

  • DLL Exports and Loaded DLLs

    • kernel32.dll!wine_get_unix_file_nameWine (Wine)
    • sbiedll.dll (Sandboxie)
    • dbghelp.dll (MS debugging support routines)
    • api_log.dll (iDefense Labs)
    • dir_watch.dll (iDefense Labs)
    • pstorec.dll (SunBelt Sandbox)
    • vmcheck.dll (Virtual PC)
    • wpespy.dll (WPE Pro)

Anti-Analysis

  • Processes
    • OllyDBG / ImmunityDebugger / WinDbg / IDA Pro
    • SysInternals Suite Tools (Process Explorer / Process Monitor / Regmon / Filemon, TCPView, Autoruns)
    • Wireshark / Dumpcap
    • ProcessHacker / SysAnalyzer / HookExplorer / SysInspector
    • ImportREC / PETools / LordPE
    • JoeBox Sandbox

Code/DLL Injections techniques

  • CreateRemoteThread
  • SetWindowsHooksEx
  • NtCreateThreadEx
  • RtlCreateUserThread
  • APC (QueueUserAPC / NtQueueApcThread)
  • RunPE (GetThreadContext / SetThreadContext)

Contributors

References