Language: python3.4
OS: Linux
packages: virtualenvwrapper, python3-pip,
sudo apt-get install virtualenvwrapper python3-pip
Run in console commands:
mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
mkvirtualenv tutorial_env -p /usr/bin/python3
Run in console commands:
pip install django==1.8
django-admin.py startproject django_tutorial
Run in console commands:
cd django_tutorial/django_tutorial
django-admin.py startapp posts
django_tutorial
├-- django_tutorial # root directory
├-- posts # our app posts
├-- migrations # directory with migrations
├-- __init__.py
├-- __init__.py
├-- admin.py
├-- models.py
├-- tests.py
├-- views.py
├-- __init__.py
├-- settings.py
├-- urls.py
├-- wsgi.py
├-- db.sqlite3 # our database
├-- manage.py # file for project manage
Register our app in file settings.py in section INSTALLED_APPS
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django_tutorial.posts',
)Run in console command:
python manage.py runserver
Open in browser url: http://127.0.0.1:8000
Write model Post in file posts/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_lenght=255)
text = models.TextField(max_length=2047)
author = models.ForeignKey(User)
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)Run in console commands:
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
For manages records in db we needs to register our model in file posts/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django_tutorial.posts.models import Post
admin.site.register(Post)For access to admin page we must have a superuser permission. Run in console commands for create superuser:
python manage.py createsuperuser
Run server:
python manage.py runserver
Open in browser url 127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ and type you login and password created by previous command
I hope that you created a few posts in admin page. Next try to make handler on our url.
Add some code to file posts/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django_tutorial.posts.models import Post
def get_all_posts(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
posts = Post.objects.all()
context = {'posts': posts}
return render_to_response('posts/all_posts.html', context=context)Next we must link url with handler function. Add this url
url(r'^posts/', get_all_posts)to file tutorial/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from django_tutorial.posts.views import get_all_posts
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^posts/', get_all_posts),
]Next we must create a some template for show our data.
Create directories templates/posts in directory posts and create html file with name all_posts.html.
For preview our data we use some django templates language.
Add next code to file templates/posts/all_posts.py
{% for post in posts %}
<div>
<h1>Title: {{ post.title }} </h1> <br> <hr>
<p>
Text: {{ post.text }} <br>
Author is: {{ post.author }} <br>
Post was created: {{ post.created }} <br>
</p>
</div>
{% endfor %}It`a all. Run server and open this url http://127.0.0.1:8000/posts/ in your browser.
Create new template templates/posts/one_post.html for preview posts by pk.
Add next content to template:
<div>
<h1>Title: {{ post.title }} </h1> <br> <hr>
<p>
Text: {{ post.text }} <br>
Author is: {{ post.author }} <br>
Post was created: {{ post.created }} <br>
</p>
</div>Next we need to create view:
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, get_object_or_404
def get_post_by_pk(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
context = {'post': post}
return render_to_response('posts/one_post.html', context=context)And next add router for handling with using regex for recognizing pk:
from django_tutorial.posts.views import get_post_by_pk
urlpatterns = [
...
url(r'^posts/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/', get_post_by_pk),
url(r'^posts/', get_all_posts),
...
]For validation data request in POST we needs create a django form.
Add it in file posts/forms.py:
from django import forms
from django_tutorial.posts.models import Post
class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Post
fields = ('title', 'text', )Next we need add view for handle GET request for render form and POST request for add post to db.
Add view to file posts/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response, redirect
from django.http.response import HttpResponse
def add_new_post(request):
context = csrf(request)
if request.method == 'GET':
context.update({'form': PostForm()})
elif request.method == 'POST':
form = PostForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid() and not request.user.is_anonymous():
data = form.clean()
data.update({'author': request.user})
post = Post(**data)
post.save()
return redirect('/posts/{pk}/'.format(pk=post.id))
context.update({'form': form})
if request.user.is_anonymous():
return HttpResponse(
content='<h1>You are not authorized for adding post</h1>',
status=401
)
return render_to_response('posts/add_new_post.html', context)Next needs add a template for preview (templates/posts/add_new_post.html):
<form action="." method="post"> {% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }} <br>
<input type="submit" value="New Post">
</form>And linking view and url:
from django_tutorial.posts.views import add_new_post
urlpatterns = [
...
url(r'^posts/add/', add_new_post),
...
]For example, posts/templates/base.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<div class="head">
<h1>It`s some app on Python/Django</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="content">
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<footer>
<div class="info">
Here is some info like as common info in any footers.
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>For extends in other templates add this string {% extends 'base.html' %} in each template.
And for overriding block content do next:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
... some content
{% endblock %}Add next lines to settings.py
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = 'tutorial/static'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_content"),
)Create some css file and change template in your choice.
For example, add file style.css to dir static_content:
.content {
background: orange;
margin: 50px auto;
padding: 20px;
width: 600px;
height: 400px;
}
.head {
text-align: center;
}
.info {
text-align: center;
}https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python#introduction
http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/index.html