- Execute commands by typing them on the keyboard
- Manipulate files and directories (copy, move, rename, delete)
- Extract specific information from large text
- Efficiently search for files in a file tree, according to different criteria (name, modification date, etc.)
- Install sofware
- Others…
Home directory on Windows : /c/Users/MyName
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AO0jzD1hpXc&ab_channel=danscourses
| Some basic commands |
|---|
| commands | name if name | description |
|---|---|---|
| pwd | prompt - print working directory | display current directory |
| cd or cd~ | change directorie command | retourn to the personal directory of the current user |
| cd~ | short cut to the user folder | |
| cd .. | go up one directory (parent directory) | |
| cd ~/Music | go under your Music folder (whatever folder you were in before) | |
| cd a + press tab twice cd x + press tab twice cd letter + press tab twice |
show all folders beginning with a // same with x or every letter | |
| ls | list command | tell you the files in the directory |
| ls -l | tell you the files in the directory with more details | |
| ls . | list command “the current directory” = . | tell you the files in the directory |
| ls - a | displays the contents of the dictory but inclund hidden files (this are preceded by the characer .) | |
| ls Pictures and ls./Pictures | displays the contents of the Pictures folder | |
| ls /Users | allows you to display the list of directories associated with each user in the system | |
| ls .. | will give you the same result! The .. means the parents directory The one just above it in the tree strucure. /Users is above /Users/mgnor | |
| ls /bin | displays the contents of a directory containing the basic system commands (for exemple the command ls itselft!) | |
| ls -l /bin | does the same thing, but gives more details, such as woh owns the files, when they were last modified, and so on. |
Notes :
Notion of parameters or arguments:
- -l and /bin are the arguments given to ls.
- Arguments beginning with - or - - like -a, -l or - -help are called flags they modify the behavior of the command.
The slash character (/) allows you to chain the names of directories and their subdirectories. This is the directory separator.
**Meaning of ~**
The character ~ (called tide) represents the personal directory of the current user.
It’s a quick way to acces /Users/MyName.
It’s very handy, especially if you’re in a completely different directory and you want to look at something in your personal file. For exemple, wherever we are, ls ~/Downloads allows you to list the contents of your folder Downloads
| Some basic Files and Directories commands |
|---|
| commands | name if name | description |
|---|---|---|
| mkdir name | makedirectory | make a new directory |
| rmdir name | remove directory | remove directory |
| touch name | create file | |
| code name | open the file | |
| code . | open the folder you are inside | |
| cp | copy | use |
| cp ap* banana /fruits | copy all files beginning with ap + babana in the fruits folder | |
cp -R fruits copy-of-fruits |
cp -R -R is mandadoty to copy a directory, even an emty one |
Recursive copy |
| cp -R fruits copy-of-fruits /tmp/ | This also works with multiple source directories, in this case you have too give an existing directory as destination argment | |
| rm | remove | delete files and/or directories immediate and definive not like “place in Recycle Bin” |
| rm -r name-directory<> | The rmdir command being unable to delete a non-empty directory, one can use rm with the -r option (recursive) to accomplish this. | |
| mv | move and/or rename | rm is used with two argument, the last one being the destination, and the previous one(s) the sources |
| mv ca* parsnip courgette vegetable/ | move | |
| mv fruits/orange fruits/grapefruit | rename | |
| mv vegetables/courgette fruits/kiwi | Move and rename |
| Temporary files |
|---|
| commands | name if name | description |
|---|---|---|
| /tmp | places for temporary files | this folder contains temporary files which are sometimes used when installinf or running programs on your computer |
echo “Hello, world” > helloWorld.txt |
||
| echo | used to display text in the console | |
| > | symbol used to store the result of a previous command in a file, specifying next (you can use it with anything you want, not only echo) | |
| cat helloWord.text | display the contents of the file | |
| echo “Hello there” > helloWorld.text | change content of the file | |
| mv helloWorld.txt helloThere.txt | mv command is used to move a file from one location to another, but it can also be used to rename a file |
Software skyscrapers
https://wildcodeschool.github.io/console-workshop/
What is GitHub and what is GitHub for?
GitHub is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration. It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere.
| Git and GitHub |
|---|
| commands | description |
|---|---|
echo "# Wild-W1-Recap" >> README.md git init git add README.md git commit -m "first commit" git branch -M main git remote add origin https://github.com/orianemgn/Wild-W1-Recap.git git push -u origin main |
create a new repository on the command line with a https link |
echo "# Wild-W1-Recap" >> README.md git init git add README.md git commit -m "first commit" git branch -M main git remote add origin git@github.com:orianemgn/Wild-W1-Recap.git git push -u origin main |
create a new repository on the command line with a SSH link |
git remote add origin https://github.com/orianemgn/Wild-W1-Recap.git git branch -M main git push -u origin main |
push an existing repository from the command line https |
git remote add origin git@github.com:orianemgn/Wild-W1-Recap.git git branch -M main git push -u origin main |
push an existing repository from the command line SSH |
| git pull | Uploading the change of your project on GitHup on your local machine |
| git add . or git add name-of-file | to add all or one fill |
| git commit -m “message” | to add your comment on the push request |
| git push | to push from your on gitHub |
| git pull | The git pull command is used to fetch and download content from a remote repository and immediately update the local repository to match that content |
| git branch branch-name | Create a new branch |
| git checkout -b branch-name | go to the branch |
| git push origin branch-name | push on the branch |