The International Data Base (IDB, 2022) contains the demographic data of over 200 countries. The demographic data contains the total population by age and sex.
The goal of this project is to descriptively analyse and determine the relationship between
variables using the demographic data census2002_2022.csv extracted from the
International Data Base (IDB, 2022). This dataset contains life expectancy at birth and
under 5 mortality rates of 227 countries across 5 regions and 21 subregions for 2002 and
2022. The life expectancy infers the average number of years a group of people who
born in the same year is expected to live if the mortality remains same at all ages in the
future. On the other hand, under-5 mortality rates refer to the number
of children who die before age 5 for every 1000 births.
The dataset census2002_2022.csv is used in this project and is a small portion of
the International Data Base (IDB, 2022). IDB contains the demographic data of all
the regions and sub-regions recognized by U.S. Census Bureau. The data of this enormous
database is collected through different procedures such as censuses, surveys, and
estimates and projections by the U.S. Census Bureau from 1950s.
The census2002_2022.csv dataset contains demographic information for 227 countries
across 21 subregions and 5 regions: Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe, and Oceania for
the years 2002 and 2022. The dataset includes life expectancy at birth and under age 5
mortality rates of these countries for males, females, and both sexes. The whole dataset
contains a total of 454 observations and 10 variables with an index X. There are six
continuous variables:
In our given dataset, there is a total of 44 missing values that are replaced by NA. There exist 36 continuous missing values from six different countries: Libya, Puerto Rico, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and United States for 2002, as well as 8 categorical values for 2002 and 2022. The six countries that are mentioned are not used in the comparison between the variable values of 2002 and 2022 in task four. Overall, the data quality is better for analysis in 2022 as only 4 categorical missing values are there compared to 40 missing values in 2002.
In this project, I completed four different tasks by gaining a deeper understanding of the patterns and connections within the demographic data through statistical techniques. In task 1, histograms and Maps are used to illustrate the frequency distribution of the values of each continuous variable. I analysed and compared the life expectancy at birth and under age 5 mortality rates between males and females, as well as between regions through boxplots. In task 2, Africa region is used to analyse and determine the homogeneity within its subregions for males, females and both sexes, as well as the heterogeneity between different subregions. Boxplots, measures of spread, and measures of central tendency are used to complete this task. In task 3, I tried to determine the bivariate correlation between variables using Pearson correlation coefficients and scatter plots. The first three tasks consider only the data for 2022. In the final task, life expectancy at birth and under age 5 mortality rates for males and females, and both sexes are compared between the years 2002 and 2022 by using scatter plots.