/cmake-js

CMake.js - a Node.js native addon build tool

Primary LanguageJavaScriptMIT LicenseMIT

CMake.js (MIT)

About

CMake.js is a Node.js/io.js native addon build tool which works exactly like node-gyp, but instead of gyp, it is based on CMake build system. It's compatible with the following runtimes:

Supported native libraries

  • Boost: it's supported by a separate module called boost-lib, that manages Boost dependencies, downloads and installs appropriate Boost versions from Github, and compiles its required libraries automatically. See the readme and the tutorial.

Why CMake?

Nearly every native addon is using node-gyp today, so what's wrong with it?

  1. First of all, Google, the creator of the gyp platform is moving towards its new build system called gn, which means gyp's days of support are counted. (Just for the record, despite the announced gn switch, there is Bazel in the works, so sooner or later gn will be dropped in favor of it - IMHO.)

  2. It uses Python 2 which is a huge PITA in the current century, and because of the above, there is no hope for upgrade, see: node-gyp Issue #193.

  3. While gyp is very good in dependency management and project generation, it still lacks features of essential build customization
    (see: gyp wiki - Custom_build_steps).

  4. Its wiki might be enough for an inhouse project, but far from what can be called for a good product documentation.

  5. If you wanna port a native library to node as an addon, there is a (very-very) good chance that it doesn't use gyp for its build system, you have to make gyp binding by hand, which is really hard or nearly impossible considering the previous bulletpoint. Also you have to be an expert of the given build system and gyp to do it right.

  6. There is no IDE that supports gyp as a native project format. Gyp can be used to generate IDE projects, but this is not a two way operation, if you tune your settings or setup in the IDE, you have to propagate changes back to gyp files by hand.

  7. Gyp itself isn't capable to build node modules, there is fair amount custom JS code in node-gyp module to make it capable to doing so (that's why it named as Generate Your Project not Build Your Project). So supporting advanced build features like Ninja generators is impossible without extra development effort added to node-gyp (see node-gyp PR #429). It looks like node-gyp support itself eats up development resources, so there won't be new features like this added or merged in the near future. So with node-gyp you are stuck to good old Make which makes build times very long while working on large modules.

So, let's take a look at CMake compared to the above bullet points.

  1. Cmake is quite mature and very widely used, making it quite stable and convenient. It's used by projects like Blender, LLVM, MySQL or Netflix, and it isn't likely to be abandoned in the near future.

  2. It's native software, having no dependencies to any runtime.

  3. Right now CMake has all of the features that were missing when development of gyp started, and on top of that it still has those features that gyp didn't have since then. It has an own module ecosystem with internal modules, and with 3rd party gems like Compile Time Reducer (Cotire).

  4. CMake has excellent documentation, lots of tutorials, and examples.

  5. If you pick a native cross platform library, there is a very good chance that is uses CMake as of its build system, or it has CMake build files somewhere, for example: Shark, Lua, SDL. If not, there are converters that helps you to create CMake files from other project formats.

  6. CMake is widely supported by major cross platform C++ IDEs like: QtCreator, KDevelop and the upcoming CLion from JetBrains. With CMake.js you are gonna be able to develop Node.js addons by using those, even you have the ability to use features like integrated debugging.

  7. CMake.js module doesn't build your project, CMake does. All of its commands (configure, build, clean, etc.) are simple CMake invocations without involving JS magic anywhere. Even you can print CMake command line with CMake.js module for each command (eg.: cmake-js print-configure, cmake-js print-build, cmake-js print-clean). This means supporting new features of a given native build system (like new version of Ninja or Visual Studio) won't involve developer efforts from CMake.js side, installing new versions of CMake will be enough.

Installation

npm install -g cmake-js

Help:

cmake-js --help
Usage: cmake-js [<command>] [options]

Commands:
  install          Install Node.js/io.js distribution files if needed
  configure        Configure CMake project
  print-configure  Print the configuration command
  build            Build the project (will configure first if required)
  print-build      Print the build command
  clean            Clean the project directory
  print-clean      Print the clean command
  reconfigure      Clean the project directory then configure the project
  rebuild          Clean the project directory then build the project
  compile          Build the project, and if build fails, try a full rebuild

Options:
  --version              Show version number                           [boolean]
  -h, --help             show this screen                              [boolean]
  -l, --log-level        set log level (silly, verbose, info, http, warn,
                         error), default is info                        [string]
  -d, --directory        specify CMake project's directory (where CMakeLists.txt
                         located)                                       [string]
  -D, --debug            build debug configuration                     [boolean]
  -c, --cmake-path       path of CMake executable                       [string]
  -m, --prefer-make      use Unix Makefiles even if Ninja is available (Posix)
                                                                       [boolean]
  -x, --prefer-xcode     use Xcode instead of Unix Makefiles           [boolean]
  -g, --prefer-gnu       use GNU compiler instead of default CMake compiler, if
                         available (Posix)                             [boolean]
  -C, --prefer-clang     use Clang compiler instead of default CMake compiler,
                         if available (Posix)                          [boolean]
  -s, --std              C++ standard, eg.: c++98, c++11, c++14, etc., default
                         is c++11 (Posix)                               [string]
  -r, --runtime          the runtime to use                             [string]
  -v, --runtime-version  the runtime version to use                     [string]
  -a, --arch             the architecture to build in                   [string]
  -o, --prec11           use C++98 standard (obsolete: use -s=c++98 instead)
                                                                       [boolean]
  --CD                   Custom argument passed to CMake in format:
                         -D<your-arg-here>                              [string]
  -i, --silent           Prevents CMake.js to print to the stdio        [boolean]
  -O, --out              Specify the output directory to compile to, default is
                         projectRoot/build                              [string]

Requirements:

  • CMake
  • A proper C/C++ compiler toolchain of the given platform

Usage

General

In a nutshell. (For more complete documentation please see the first tutorial.)

  • Install cmake-js for your module npm install --save cmake-js
  • Put a CMakeLists.txt file into you module root with this minimal required content:
project (your-addon-name-here)
include_directories(${CMAKE_JS_INC})
file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES "your-source files-location-here")
add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES})
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES PREFIX "" SUFFIX ".node")
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${CMAKE_JS_LIB})
  • Add the following into your package.json scripts section:
"scripts": {
    "install": "cmake-js compile"
  }

Commandline

In your module folder you can access cmake-js commands if you install cmake-js globally:

npm install -g cmake-js

Please refer to the --help for the lists of available commands (they are like commands in node-gyp).

You can override the project default runtimes via --runtime and --runtime-version, such as: --runtime=electron --runtime-version=0.26.0. See below for more info on runtimes.

CMake Specific

CMAKE_JS_VERSION variable will reflect the actual CMake.js version. So CMake.js based builds could be detected, eg.:

if (CMAKE_JS_VERSION)
    add_subdirectory(node_addon)
else()
    add_subdirectory(other_subproject)
endif()

NPM Config Integration

You can set npm configuration options for CMake.js.

For all users (global):

npm config set cmake_<key> <value> --global

For current user:

npm config set cmake_<key> <value>

CMake.js will set a variable named uppercase "<key>" to <value> (by using -D<key>="<value>" option). User's settings will overwrite globals.

Example:

Enter at command prompt:

npm config set cmake_bubu="kittyfck"

Then write to your CMakeLists.txt the following:

message (STATUS ${BUBU})

This will print during configure:

--- kittyfck

Custom CMake options

You can add custom CMake options by beginning option name with CD.

Example

In command prompt:

cmake-js compile --CDBUBU="kittyfck"

Then in your CMakeLists.txt:

message (STATUS ${BUBU})

This will print during configure:

--- kittyfck

Runtimes

You can configure runtimes for compiling target for all depending CMake.js modules in an application. Define a cmake-js key in the application's root package.json file, eg.:

{
  "name": "ta-taram-taram",
  "description": "pa-param-pam-pam",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "app.js",
  "cmake-js": {
    "runtime": "node",
    "runtimeVersion": "0.12.0",
    "arch": "ia32"
  }
}

Available settings:

  • runtime: application's target runtime, possible values are:
    • node: Node.js
    • iojs: io.js
    • nw: nw.js
    • electron: Electron
  • runtimeVersion: version of the application's target runtime, for example: 0.12.1
  • arch: architecutre of application's target runtime (eg: x64, ia32, arm). Notice: on non-Windows systems the C++ toolset's architecture's gonna be used despite of this setting. If you don't specify this on Windows, then architecture of the main node/io.js runtime is gonna be used, so you have to choose a matching nw.js runtime.

Runtime options in CMakeLists.txt

The actual node runtime parameters are detectable in CMakeLists.txt files, the following variables are set:

  • NODE_RUNTIME: "node", "iojs", "nw", "electron"
  • NODE_RUNTIMEVERSION: for example: "0.12.1"
  • NODE_ARCH: "x64", "ia32", "arm"

NW.js

To make compatible your NW.js application with any CMake.js based modules, write the following to your application's package.json file:

{
  "cmake-js": {
    "runtime": "nw",
    "runtimeVersion": "nw.js-version-here",
    "arch": "whatever-setting-is-appropriate-for-your-application's-windows-build"
  }
}

That's it. There is nothing else to do either on the application's or on the module's side, CMake.js modules are compatible with NW.js out-of-the-box. For more complete documentation please see the third tutorial.

Electron

To make compatible your Electron application with any CMake.js based modules, write the following to your application's package.json file:

{
  "cmake-js": {
    "runtime": "electron",
    "runtimeVersion": "electron-runtime-version-here",
    "arch": "whatever-setting-is-appropriate-for-your-application's-windows-build"
  }
}

That's it. There is nothing else to do either on the application's or on the module's side, CMake.js modules are compatible with Electron out-of-the-box.

Important

It is important to understand that this setting is to be configured in the application's root package.json file. If you're creating a native module targeting nw.js for example, then do not specify anything in your module's package.json. It's the actual application's decision to specify its runtime, your module's just compatible anything that was mentioned in the About chapter. Actually defining cmake-js key in your module's package.json file may lead to an error. Why? If you set it up to use nw.js 0.12.1 for example, then when it gets compiled during development time (to run its unit tests for example) it's gonna be compiled against io.js 1.2 runtime. But if you're having io.js 34.0.1 at the commandline then, which is binary incompatible with 1.2, then your unit tests will fail for sure. So it is advised to not use cmake-js target settings in your module's package.json, because that way CMake.js will use that you have, and your tests will pass.

Heroku

Heroku uses the concept of a buildpack to define how an application should be prepared to run in a dyno. The typical buildpack for note-based applications, heroku/nodejs, provides an environment capable of running node-gyp, but not CMake.

The least "painful" way of addressing this is to use heroku's multipack facility:

  • Set the applications' buildpack to https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-multi.git

  • In the root directory of the application, create a file called .buildpacks with these two lines:

      https://github.com/brave/heroku-cmake-buildpack.git
  https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-nodejs.git

  • Deploy the application to have the changes take effect

The heroku-buildpack-multi will run each buildpack in order allowing the node application to reference CMake in the Heroku build environment.

Tutorials

Use case in the works - ArrayFire.js

I'm working on the Node.js port of the awesome ArrayFire CPU/GPU computing library, please follow its status in its repo: ArrayFire.js.

Changelog

View changelog.md

Credits