EventSourcing.NetCore

Example of Event Sourcing in .NET Core

Prerequisites

For running the Event Store examples you need to have Postgres DB. You can get it by:

Installing Docker, going to the docker folder and running:

docker-compose up

More information about using .NET Core, WebApi and Docker you can find in my other tutorial: .Net Core With Docker

Installing a most recent version of the Postgres DB (eg. from https://www.postgresql.org/download/).

Video presentation (PL):

Slides (PL):

Libraries used

Marten - Event Store
MediatR - Message Bus (for processing Commands, Queries, Events)

Suggested Order of reading

1. Event Store - Marten

Creating event store
Event Stream - is a representation of the entity in event sourcing. It's a set of events that happened for the entity with the exact id. Stream id should be unique, can have different types but usually is a Guid.
- Stream starting - stream should be always started with a unique id. Marten provides three ways of starting the stream:
  - calling StartStream method with a stream id
```
var streamId = Guid.NewGuid();
documentSession.Events.StartStream<TaskList>(streamId);
```
  - calling StartStream method with a set of events
```
var @event = new TaskCreated { TaskId = Guid.NewGuid(), Description = "Description" };
var streamId = documentSession.Events.StartStream<TaskList>(@event);
```
  - just appending events with a stream id
```
var @event = new TaskCreated { TaskId = Guid.NewGuid(), Description = "Description" };
var streamId = Guid.NewGuid();
documentSession.Events.Append(streamId, @event);
```
- Stream loading - all events that were placed on the event store should be possible to load them back. Marten allows to:
  - get list of event by calling FetchStream method with a stream id
```
var eventsList = documentSession.Events.FetchStream(streamId);
```
  - geting one event by its id
```
var @event = documentSession.Events.Load<TaskCreated>(eventId);
```
- Stream loading from exact state - all events that were placed on the event store should be possible to load them back. Marten allows to get stream from exact state by:
  - timestamp (has to be in UTC)
```
var dateTime = new DateTime(2017, 1, 11);
var events = documentSession.Events.FetchStream(streamId, timestamp: dateTime);
```
  - version number
```
var versionNumber = 3;
var events = documentSession.Events.FetchStream(streamId, version: versionNumber);
```
Event stream aggregation - events that were stored can be aggregated to form the entity once again. During the aggregation, process events are taken by the stream id and then replied event by event (so eg. NewTaskAdded, DescriptionOfTaskChanged, TaskRemoved). At first, an empty entity instance is being created (by calling default constructor). Then events based on the order of appearance (timestamp) are being applied on the entity instance by calling proper Apply methods.
- Aggregation general rules
- Online Aggregation - online aggregation is a process when entity instance is being constructed on the fly from events. Events are taken from the database and then aggregation is being done. The biggest advantage of online aggregation is that it always gets the most recent business logic. So after the change, it's automatically reflected and it's not needed to do any migration or updates.
- Inline Aggregation (Snapshot) - inline aggregation happens when we take the snapshot of the entity from the DB. In that case, it's not needed to get all events. Marten stores the snapshot as a document. This is good for performance reasons because only one record is being materialized. The con of using inline aggregation is that after business logic has changed records need to be reaggregated.
- Reaggregation - one of the biggest advantages of the event sourcing is flexibility to business logic updates. It's not needed to perform complex migration. For online aggregation it's not needed to perform reaggregation - it's being made always automatically. The inline aggregation needs to be reaggregated. It can be done by performing online aggregation on all stream events and storing the result as a snapshot.
  - reaggregation of inline snapshot with Marten
```
var onlineAggregation = documentSession.Events.AggregateStream<TEntity>(streamId);
documentSession.Store<TEntity>(onlineAggregation);
documentSession.SaveChanges();
```
Event transformations
- One event to one object transformations
- Inline Transformation storage
Events projection
- Projection of single stream

2. Message Bus (for processing Commands, Queries, Events) - MediatR

Initialization - MediatR uses services locator pattern to find a proper handler for the message type.
Sending Messages - finds and uses the first registered handler for the message type. It could be used for queries (when we need to return values), commands (when we acting).
- No Handlers - when MediatR doesn't find proper handler it throws an exception.
- Single Handler - by implementing IRequestHandler we're deciding that this handler should be run asynchronously with other async handlers (so we don't wait for the previous handler to finish its work).
- More Than One Handler - when there is more than one handler registered MediatR takes only one ignoring others when Send method is being called.
Publishing Messages - finds and uses all registered handlers for the message type. It's good for processing events.
- No Handlers - when MediatR doesn't find proper handler it throws an exception
- Single Handler - by implementing INotificationHandler we're deciding that this handler should be run asynchronously with other async handlers (so we don't wait for the previous handler to finish its work)
- More Than One Handler - when there is more than one handler registered MediatR takes only all of them when calling Publish method
Pipeline (to be defined)

3. CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Separation)

Command handling
Query handling

4. Fully working sample application

See also fully working sample application in Sample Project

See sample how Entity Framework and Marten can coexist together with CQRS and Event Sourcing

5. Self-paced training Kit

I prepared the self-paced training Kit for the Event Sourcing. See more in the Workshop description.

It's split into two parts:

Event Sourcing basics - it teaches the event store basics by showing how to build your Event Store on Relational Database. It starts with the tables setup, goes through appending events, aggregations, projections, snapshots, and finishes with the Marten basics. See more in here.

Event Sourcing advanced topics - it's a real-world sample of the microservices written in Event-Driven design. It explains the topics of modularity, eventual consistency. Shows practical usage of WebApi, Marten as Event Store, Kafka as Event bus and ElasticSearch as one of the read stores. See more in here.

Meetings Management Module - the module responsible for creating, updating meeting details. Written in Marten in Event Sourcing pattern. Provides both write model (with Event Sourced aggregates) and read model with projections.
Meetings Search Module - responsible for searching and advanced filtering. Uses ElasticSearch as storage (because of its advanced searching capabilities). It's a read module that's listening for the events published by the Meetings Management Module.

6. NuGet packages to help you get started.

I gathered and generalized all of the practices used in this tutorial/samples in Nuget Packages maintained by me GoldenEye Framework. See more in:

GoldenEye DDD package - it provides a set of base and bootstrap classes that helps you to reduce boilerplate code and help you focus on writing business code. You can find all classes like Commands/Queries/Event handlers and many more. To use it run:

dotnet add package GoldenEye.Backend.Core.DDD
GoldenEye Marten package - contains helpers, and abstractions to use Marten as document/event store. Gives you abstractions like repositories etc. To use it run:

dotnet add package GoldenEye.Backend.Core.Marten

The simplest way to start is installing the project template by running

dotnet new -i GoldenEye.WebApi.Template.SimpleDDD

and then creating a new project based on it:

dotnet new SimpleDDD -n NameOfYourProject

7. Other resources

I found an issue or I have a change request

Feel free to create an issue on GitHub. Contributions pull requests are more than welcome!

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pawelklimczyk/EventSourcing.NetCore