cars = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
# add to end of list.
cars.append('c')
# remove from end of list. takes an optional index.
lastcar = cars.pop([i])
# insert into list. any integer for index is possible.
# this performs an insert not a replacement.
cars.insert(0,'x') -> None
# returns the number of times x is found in the list.
cars.count('a')
# sort the list in place.
cars.sort() -> None
# shallow copy of a list
cars_copy = cars[:]
Lists can be used as a stack using stack.append(val), stack.pop() and stack[-1]
cars = 'a', 'b' , 'c'
# creating an empty tuple
cars = ()
#tuple with one element
cars = 'a',
# tuples in immutable, but can container mutable objects.
cars[0] = 'x' # error out.
Strings, Lists and Tuples are Sequence Types. Sequence Types can undergo Sequence Unpacking. Sequence Types can be unpacked as follows:
x, y, z = t
x = set()
x = {'a', 'b', 'c'}
x = set('abcdefg')
# membership test
'a' in x
# set operations
x = set()
y = set()
x - y # items in x but not in y.
x | y # items in x or y or both.
x & y # items in x and y
x ^ y # items in x or y but not both.
Dictionary is of type Mapping.
It is an error to extract a value w/ a non existent key.
x = {'jack': 5, 'jill': 2}
del x['jack']
keys = list(x)
print(keys) # ['jill']
'jill' in x # true
'jill' not in x # false
Dictionary Looping
for k, v in x.items():
print(k, v)