container-storage-setup is part of the Project Atomic suite of container projects, formerly known as docker-storage-setup.
A crucial aspect to container runtimes is the concept of the copy-on-write (COW) layered filesystems. The Docker Engine Storage docs site explains how the docker daemon uses uses COW file systems
container-storage-setup is a script to configure COW File systems like devicemapper and overlayfs. It is usually run via a systemd service. For example docker-storage-setup.service, runs container-storage-setup before the docker.service script starts the docker daemon.
The container-storage-service script takes an input file and an output file as parameters. The input file is usually provided by the distribution and
is expected to be modified by administrators. The script generates the specified output file as a configuration file bash script which sets environment variables to be used by the container runtime service script.
For example if I configured an runtime-storage-setup to look like
cat /etc/sysconfig/runtime-storage-setup
STORAGE_DRIVER="overlay2"
If I then executed
container-storage-setup /etc/sysconfig/runtime-storage-setup /etc/sysconfig/runtime-storage
I will end up with a runtime storage file which looks like.
cat /etc/sysconfig/runtime-storage
STORAGE_OPTIONS="--storage-driver overlay2 "
The service script of the container runtime should have something like
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/runtime-storage
...
ExecStart=/usr/bin/container-runtime $STORAGE_OPTIONS
...
Obviously the container runtime must handle the --storage-driver option.
NOTE: container-storage-setup has legacy support for docker-storage-setup. If you execute the script without specifying an input file and and output file, it will default to an input file of /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage-setup and an output file of /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage. The Environment name in the output file will be set to DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS.
cat /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage-setup
STORAGE_DRIVER="overlay2"
If I then executed
container-storage-setup
I will end up with a runtime storage file which looks like.
cat /etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS="--storage-driver overlay2 "
The input file should be setup by distributions or by the packagers of the
container runtimes. The contents can also be set during system
bootstrap, e.g. in a cloud-init bootcmd: hook, or via
kickstart %post.
For more information on configuration, see man container-storage-setup.