The Zend OPcache
================
The Zend OPcache provides faster PHP execution through opcode caching and
optimization. It improves PHP performance by storing precompiled script
bytecode in the shared memory. This eliminates the stages of reading code from
the disk and compiling it on future access. In addition, it applies a few
bytecode optimization patterns that make code execution faster.
Compatibility
-------------
This version of Zend OPcache is compatible with PHP 5.2.*, 5.3.*, 5.4.*
and PHP-5.5 development branch. PHP 5.2 support may be removed in the future.
Quick Install
-------------
- Compile
$PHP_DIR/bin/phpize
./configure \
--with-php-config=$PHP_DIR/bin/php-config
make
- Install
make install # this will copy opcache.so into PHP extension directory
- Edit php.ini
zend_extension=/...full path.../opcache.so
NOTE: In case you are going to use Zend OPcache together with Xdebug or Zend Debugger,
be sure that the debugger is loaded after OPcache. "php -v" must show the debugger
after OPcache.
- Restart PHP
Speed Tuning
-------------
We recommend the following configuration options for best performance
in a production environment.
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
You also may add the following, but it may break some applications and
frameworks. Please, read description of these directives and add them on your
own risk.
opcache.save_comments=0
opcache.enable_file_override=1
In some cases you may like to prefer enabling/disabling some features
to avoid incompatibilities at the cost of some performance degradation.
For development environment we would recommend setting opcache.revalidate_freq
into 0.
Configuration Directives
------------------------
opcache.enable (default "1")
OPcache On/Off switch. When set to Off, code is not optimized and cached.
opcache.enable_cli (default "0")
Enables the OPcache for the CLI version of PHP. It's mostly for testing
and debugging.
opcache.memory_consumption (default "64")
The OPcache shared memory storage size. The amount of memory for storing
precompiled PHP code in Mbytes.
opcache.interned_strings_buffer (default "4")
The amount of memory for interned strings in Mbytes.
opcache.max_accelerated_files (default "2000")
The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.
The number is actually the first one in the following set of prime
numbers that is bigger than the one supplied: { 223, 463, 983, 1979, 3907,
7963, 16229, 32531, 65407, 130987, 262237, 524521, 1048793 }. Only numbers
between 200 and 1000000 are allowed.
opcache.max_wasted_percentage (default "5")
The maximum percentage of "wasted" memory until a restart is scheduled.
opcache.use_cwd (default "1")
When this directive is enabled, the OPcache appends the current working
directory to the script key, thus eliminating possible collisions between
files with the same name (basename). Disabling the directive improves
performance, but may break existing applications.
opcache.validate_timestamps (default "1")
When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the
webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect.
The frequency of the check is controlled by the directive
"opcache.revalidate_freq".
opcache.revalidate_freq (default "2")
How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared
memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only
once per request. "0" means always validate)
opcache.file_update_protection (default "2")
Prevents caching files that are less than this number of seconds old.
It protects from caching of incompletely updated files. In case all file
updates on your site are atomic, you may increase performance setting it
to "0".
opcache.revalidate_path (default "0")
Enables or disables file search in include_path optimization
If the file search is disabled and a cached file is found that uses
the same include_path, the file is not searched again. Thus, if a file
with the same name appears somewhere else in include_path, it
won't be found. Enable this directive if this optimization has an effect on
your applications. The default for this directive is disabled, which means
that optimization is active.
opcache.save_comments (default "1")
If disabled, all PHPDoc comments are dropped from the code to reduce the
size of the optimized code. Disabling "Doc Comments" may break some
existing applications and frameworks (e.g. Doctrine, ZF2, PHPUnit)
opcache.load_comments (default "1")
If disabled, PHPDoc comments are not loaded from SHM, so "Doc Comments"
may be always stored (save_comments=1), but not loaded by applications
that don't need them anyway.
opcache.fast_shutdown (default "0")
If enabled, a fast shutdown sequence is used for the accelerated code
The fast shutdown sequence doesn't free each allocated block, but lets
the Zend Engine Memory Manager do the work.
opcache.enable_file_override (default "0")
Allow file existence override (file_exists, etc.) performance feature.
opcache.optimization_level (default "0xffffffff")
A bitmask, where each bit enables or disables the appropriate OPcache
passes
opcache.inherited_hack (default "1")
Enable this hack as a workaround for "can't redeclare class" errors.
The OPcache stores the places where DECLARE_CLASS opcodes use
inheritance (These are the only opcodes that can be executed by PHP,
but which may not be executed because the parent class is missing due to
optimization). When the file is loaded, OPcache tries to bind the
inherited classes by using the current environment. The problem with this
scenario is that, while the DECLARE_CLASS opcode may not be needed for the
current script, if the script requires that the opcode at least be defined,
it may not run. The default for this directive is disabled, which means
that optimization is active. In php-5.3 and above this hack is not needed
anymore and this setting has no effect.
opcache.dups_fix (default "0")
Enable this hack as a workaround for "Cannot redeclare class" errors.
opcache.blacklist_filename
The location of the OPcache blacklist file (wildcards allowed).
Each OPcache blacklist file is a text file that holds the names of files
that should not be accelerated. The file format is to add each filename
to a new line. The filename may be a full path or just a file prefix
(i.e., /var/www/x blacklists all the files and directories in /var/www
that start with 'x'). Line starting with a ; are ignored (comments).
Files are usually triggered by one of the following three reasons:
1) Directories that contain auto generated code, like Smarty or ZFW cache.
2) Code that does not work well when accelerated, due to some delayed
compile time evaluation.
3) Code that triggers an OPcache bug.
opcache.max_file_size (default "0")
Allows exclusion of large files from being cached. By default all files
are cached.
opcache.consistency_checks (default "0")
Check the cache checksum each N requests.
The default value of "0" means that the checks are disabled.
Because calculating the checksum impairs performance, this directive should
be enabled only as part of a debugging process.
opcache.force_restart_timeout (default "180")
How long to wait (in seconds) for a scheduled restart to begin if the cache
is not being accessed.
The OPcache uses this directive to identify a situation where there may
be a problem with a process. After this time period has passed, the
OPcache assumes that something has happened and starts killing the
processes that still hold the locks that are preventing a restart.
If the log level is 3 or above, a "killed locker" error is recorded
in the Apache logs when this happens.
opcache.error_log
OPcache error_log file name. Empty string assumes "stderr".
opcache.log_verbosity_level (default "1")
All OPcache errors go to the Web server log.
By default, only fatal errors (level 0) or errors (level 1) are logged.
You can also enable warnings (level 2), info messages (level 3) or
debug messages (level 4).
opcache.preferred_memory_model
Preferred Shared Memory back-end. Leave empty and let the system decide.
opcache.protect_memory (default "0")
Protect the shared memory from unexpected writing during script execution.
Useful for internal debugging only.
opcache.restrict_api (default "")
Allows calling OPcache API functions only from PHP scripts which path is
started from specified string. The default "" means no restriction.
opcache.mmap_base
Mapping base of shared memory segments (for Windows only). All the PHP
processes have to map shared memory into the same address space. This
directive allows to manually fix the "Unable to reattach to base address"
errors.