transactor

The transactor pattern is a way to manage transactions seamlessly. You can inject your transactor in your services to make transactions completely transparently.

It relies mostly on the Transactor interface:

type Transactor interface {
  WithinTransaction(context.Context, func(context.Context) error) error
}

WithinTransaction starts a new transaction and adds it to the context. Any repository method can then retrieve a transaction from the context or fallback to the initial DB handler. The transaction is committed if the provided function doesn't return an error. It's rollbacked otherwise.

Usage

Installation

go get github.com/Thiht/transactor

Initialize a `transactor`

This example uses database/sql with the pgx driver.

import stdlibTransactor "github.com/Thiht/transactor/stdlib"

db, _ := sql.Open("pgx", dsn)

transactor, dbGetter := stdlibTransactor.NewTransactor(
  db,
  stdlibTransactor.NestedTransactionsSavepoints,
)

The currently available strategies for nested transactions are:

NestedTransactionsSavepoints, an implementation using SAVEPOINTS and compatible with PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, and SQLite,
NestedTransactionsOracle, an implementation using Oracle savepoints,
NestedTransactionsMSSQL, an implementation using Microsoft SQL Server savepoints,
NestedTransactionsNone, an implementation that prevents using nested transactions.

Use the `dbGetter` in your repositories

Instead of injecting the *sql.DB handler directly to your repositories, you now have to inject the dbGetter. It will return the appropriate DB handler depending on whether the current execution is in a transaction.

type store struct {
-  db *sql.DB
+  dbGetter stdlibTransactor.DBGetter
}

func (s store) GetBalance(ctx context.Context, account string) (int, error) {
  var balance int
-  err := s.db.QueryRowContext(
+  err := s.dbGetter(ctx).QueryRowContext(
    ctx,
    `SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE account = $1`,
    account,
  ).Scan(&balance)
  return balance, err
}

Use the `transactor` in your services

type service struct {
  balanceStore stores.Balance
  transactor transactor.Transactor
}

func (s service) IncreaseBalance(ctx context.Context, account string, amount int) error {
  return s.transactor.WithinTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
    balance, err := s.balanceStore.GetBalance(ctx, account)
    if err != nil {
      return err
    }

    balance += amount

    err = s.balanceStore.SetBalance(ctx, account, balance)
    if err != nil {
      return err
    }

    return nil
  })
}

Thanks to nested transactions support, you can even call your services within a transaction:

type service struct {
  balanceStore stores.Balance
  transactor transactor.Transactor
}

func (s service) TransferBalance(
  ctx context.Context,
  fromAccount, toAccount string,
  amount int,
) error {
  return s.transactor.WithinTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
    err := s.DecreaseBalance(ctx, fromAccount, amount)
    if err != nil {
      return err
    }

    err = s.IncreaseBalance(ctx, toAccount, amount)
    if err != nil {
      return err
    }

    return nil
  })
}

func (s service) IncreaseBalance(ctx context.Context, account string, amount int) error {
  return s.transactor.WithinTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
    // ...
  })
}

func (s service) DecreaseBalance(ctx context.Context, account string, amount int) error {
  return s.transactor.WithinTransaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
    // ...
  })
}

Warning

Transactions are not thread safe, so make sure not to call code making concurrent database access inside WithinTransaction

Testing

In your tests, you can inject a fake transactor and dbGetter, using NewFakeTransactor:

transactor, dbGetter := stdlibTransactor.NewFakeTransactor(db)

The fake transactor will simply execute its callback function, and the dbGetter will return the provided db handler.

This strategy works because when using this library, you don't have to worry about how transactions are made, just about returning errors appropriately in WithinTransaction.

quentinalbertone/transactor