The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.
These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.
You can use this horrible tiny webpage to turn a benchmark log into nicely-formatted markdown tables.
All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):
- Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
- Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
- Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
- Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:
- Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
- Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
- Update: updates a buffer as structured data
Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.
This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 239.45 us | 2.9763 ms* | 1705800 | 507150 | 405443 |
| bincode | 497.62 us | 3.7935 ms | 1045784 | 374305 | 312658 |
| borsh | 512.29 us | 3.7558 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286948 |
| bson | 3.2398 ms | 11.466 ms | 1924682 | 537661 | 377489 |
| capnp | 1.4190 ms | † | 1443216 | 509618 | 429784 |
| cbor | 1.8215 ms | 7.8008 ms | 1407835 | 407372 | 325016 |
| flatbuffers | 2.4512 ms | † | 1276368 | 469962 | 389885 |
| nachricht | 4.2831 ms | 6.5536 ms | 926221 | 365209 | 304177 |
| postcard | 645.02 us | 4.3221 ms | 765778 | 312739 | 265462 |
| prost | 4.4750 ms* 798.69 us* | 8.8317 ms | 764951 | 269811 | 228807 |
| rkyv | 276.82 us | 2.7300 ms* 3.4442 ms* | 1011488 | 392809 | 332689 |
| rmp | 1.8461 ms | 4.7317 ms | 784997 | 326654 | 278933 |
| ron | 23.034 ms | 16.148 ms | 1607459 | 452648 | 351604 |
| serde_json | 4.2477 ms | 9.1914 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 364177 |
| simd-json | 4.0963 ms | 8.9160 ms | 1827461 | 474358 | 364177 |
| speedy | 244.56 us | 3.1769 ms | 885780 | 363280 | 286948 |
| alkahest | 232.09 us | † | 1045784 | 454748 | 389910 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 50.281 us* | 75.922 us* | ‡ |
| capnp | 170.11 ns* | 581.31 us* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 2.8251 ns* 2.3512 ms* | 155.53 us* 2.4411 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.2624 ns* 658.19 us* | 15.972 us* 674.73 us* | 55.444 us |
| alkahest | 1.9109 ns* | 70.966 us* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 96.93% | 91.72%* | 44.84% | 53.20% | 56.43% |
| bincode | 46.64% | 71.97% | 73.15% | 72.08% | 73.18% |
| borsh | 45.30% | 72.69% | 86.36% | 74.27% | 79.74% |
| bson | 7.16% | 23.81% | 39.74% | 50.18% | 60.61% |
| capnp | 16.36% | † | 53.00% | 52.94% | 53.24% |
| cbor | 12.74% | 35.00% | 54.34% | 66.23% | 70.40% |
| flatbuffers | 9.47% | † | 59.93% | 57.41% | 58.69% |
| nachricht | 5.42% | 41.66% | 82.59% | 73.88% | 75.22% |
| postcard | 35.98% | 63.16% | 99.89% | 86.27% | 86.19% |
| prost | 5.19%* 29.06%* | 30.91% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rkyv | 83.84% | 100.00%* 79.26%* | 75.63% | 68.69% | 68.78% |
| rmp | 12.57% | 57.70% | 97.45% | 82.60% | 82.03% |
| ron | 1.01% | 16.91% | 47.59% | 59.61% | 65.08% |
| serde_json | 5.46% | 29.70% | 41.86% | 56.88% | 62.83% |
| simd-json | 5.67% | 30.62% | 41.86% | 56.88% | 62.83% |
| speedy | 94.90% | 85.93% | 86.36% | 74.27% | 79.74% |
| alkahest | 100.00% | † | 73.15% | 59.33% | 58.68% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 21.04%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 0.74%* | 2.75%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 44.69%* 0.00%* | 10.27%* 0.65%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 2.37%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 66.06%* | 22.51%* | ‡ |
This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 357.48 us | 1.6575 ms* | 6000024 | 5380836 | 5345893 |
| bincode | 4.6646 ms | 5.9235 ms | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345885 |
| borsh | 6.9330 ms | 8.6247 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345888 |
| bson | 59.888 ms | 123.20 ms | 23013911 | 9211138 | 7501230 |
| capnp | 21.611 ms | † | 14000088 | 6729881 | 6051413 |
| cbor | 40.682 ms | 66.170 ms | 13122324 | 7527423 | 6761276 |
| flatbuffers | 2.1025 ms | † | 6000024 | 5380800 | 5345925 |
| nachricht | 62.391 ms | 36.754 ms | 10125030 | 7160144 | 6777986 |
| postcard | 5.8788 ms | 10.183 ms | 6000003 | 5380817 | 5345893 |
| prost | 21.310 ms* 15.139 ms* | 20.325 ms | 8750000 | 6683814 | 6421721 |
| rkyv | 718.53 us | 1.8408 ms* 1.8406 ms* | 6000008 | 5380822 | 5345887 |
| rmp | 16.159 ms | 20.422 ms | 8125006 | 6496879 | 6391025 |
| ron | 211.17 ms | 258.24 ms | 22192885 | 9009575 | 8147524 |
| serde_json | 95.967 ms | 88.608 ms | 26192883 | 9612105 | 8595089 |
| simd-json | 99.210 ms | 120.84 ms | 39152823 | 16587283 | 14555990 |
| speedy | 651.91 us | 2.2203 ms | 6000004 | 5380818 | 5345888 |
| alkahest | 614.17 us | † | 6000008 | 5380823 | 5345885 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 2.3751 ns* | 175.23 us* | ‡ |
| capnp | 252.78 ns* | 7.8701 ms* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 2.5732 ns* 42.283 ns* | 139.52 us* 139.67 us* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.2620 ns* 14.443 ns* | 34.877 us* 35.092 us* | 531.48 us |
| alkahest | 1.8985 ns* | 69.758 us* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 100.00% | 100.00%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bincode | 7.66% | 27.98% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| borsh | 5.16% | 19.22% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| bson | 0.60% | 1.35% | 26.07% | 58.42% | 71.27% |
| capnp | 1.65% | † | 42.86% | 79.95% | 88.34% |
| cbor | 0.88% | 2.50% | 45.72% | 71.48% | 79.07% |
| flatbuffers | 17.00% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| nachricht | 0.57% | 4.51% | 59.26% | 75.15% | 78.87% |
| postcard | 6.08% | 16.28% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| prost | 1.68%* 2.36%* | 8.15% | 68.57% | 80.50% | 83.25% |
| rkyv | 49.75% | 90.04%* 90.05%* | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| rmp | 2.21% | 8.12% | 73.85% | 82.82% | 83.65% |
| ron | 0.17% | 0.64% | 27.04% | 59.72% | 65.61% |
| serde_json | 0.37% | 1.87% | 22.91% | 55.98% | 62.20% |
| simd-json | 0.36% | 1.37% | 15.32% | 32.44% | 36.73% |
| speedy | 54.84% | 74.65% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 58.21% | † | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 53.13%* | 19.90%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 0.50%* | 0.44%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 49.04%* 2.98%* | 25.00%* 24.97%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 8.74%* | 100.00%* 99.39%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 66.47%* | 50.00%* | ‡ |
This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.
For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 330.28 us | 2.3437 ms* | 1290592 | 391277 | 329474 |
| bincode | 647.92 us | 3.0044 ms | 569975 | 240897 | 232904 |
| borsh | 670.69 us | 2.8793 ms | 446595 | 234395 | 210623 |
| bson | 6.0056 ms | 12.582 ms | 1619653 | 506953 | 328780 |
| capnp | 840.18 us | † | 803896 | 336655 | 281557 |
| cbor | 1.8329 ms | 7.7217 ms | 1109821 | 347812 | 275365 |
| flatbuffers | 32.055 ms | † | 844168 | 346957 | 295321 |
| nachricht | 5.3026 ms | 6.0314 ms | 535875 | 282125 | 250252 |
| postcard | 696.65 us | 3.5101 ms | 356311 | 213270 | 199012 |
| prost | 4.5820 ms* 1.6590 ms* | 7.8249 ms | 596811 | 306728 | 270153 |
| rkyv | 443.69 us | 2.1900 ms* 2.7479 ms* | 596952 | 254571 | 220523 |
| rmp | 1.6200 ms | 4.0374 ms | 418025 | 244869 | 226158 |
| ron | 10.805 ms | 16.400 ms | 1465223 | 439761 | 345579 |
| serde_json | 4.3212 ms | 9.6048 ms | 1623191 | 472275 | 362019 |
| simd-json | 4.4106 ms | 8.1604 ms | 1663769 | 496401 | 386208 |
| speedy | 412.83 us | 2.4766 ms | 449595 | 235136 | 210904 |
| alkahest | 357.67 us | † | 667570 | 325536 | 320888 |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 53.922 us* | 55.274 us* | ‡ |
| capnp | 191.42 ns* | 5.6267 us* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 2.5716 ns* 2.5015 ms* | 3.7170 us* 2.5026 ms* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 1.2619 ns* 547.53 us* | 148.03 ns* 548.16 us* | 4.7230 us |
| alkahest | 1.8977 ns* | 29.846 us* | ‡ |
Relative to best. Higher is better.
| Format / Lib | Serialize | Deserialize | Size | Zlib | Zstd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 100.00% | 93.44%* | 27.61% | 54.51% | 60.40% |
| bincode | 50.98% | 72.89% | 62.51% | 88.53% | 85.45% |
| borsh | 49.24% | 76.06% | 79.78% | 90.99% | 94.49% |
| bson | 5.50% | 17.41% | 22.00% | 42.07% | 60.53% |
| capnp | 39.31% | † | 44.32% | 63.35% | 70.68% |
| cbor | 18.02% | 28.36% | 32.11% | 61.32% | 72.27% |
| flatbuffers | 1.03% | † | 42.21% | 61.47% | 67.39% |
| nachricht | 6.23% | 36.31% | 66.49% | 75.59% | 79.52% |
| postcard | 47.41% | 62.39% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| prost | 7.21%* 19.91%* | 27.99% | 59.70% | 69.53% | 73.67% |
| rkyv | 74.44% | 100.00%* 79.70%* | 59.69% | 83.78% | 90.25% |
| rmp | 20.39% | 54.24% | 85.24% | 87.10% | 88.00% |
| ron | 3.06% | 13.35% | 24.32% | 48.50% | 57.59% |
| serde_json | 7.64% | 22.80% | 21.95% | 45.16% | 54.97% |
| simd-json | 7.49% | 26.84% | 21.42% | 42.96% | 51.53% |
| speedy | 80.00% | 88.43% | 79.25% | 90.70% | 94.36% |
| alkahest | 92.34% | † | 53.37% | 65.51% | 62.02% |
| Format / Lib | Access | Read | Update |
|---|---|---|---|
| abomonation | 0.00%* | 0.27%* | ‡ |
| capnp | 0.66%* | 2.63%* | ‡ |
| flatbuffers | 49.07%* 0.00%* | 3.98%* 0.01%* | ‡ |
| rkyv | 100.00%* 0.00%* | 100.00%* 0.03%* | 100.00% |
| alkahest | 66.50%* | 0.50%* | ‡ |
* mouse over for situational details
† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own
‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)