samplot
is a command line tool for rapid, multi-sample structural variant
visualization. samplot
takes SV coordinates and bam files and produces
high-quality images that highlight any alignment and depth signals that
substantiate the SV.
samplot plot
usage: samplot plot [-h] [--marker_size MARKER_SIZE] [-n TITLES [TITLES ...]]
[-r REFERENCE] [-z Z] -b BAMS [BAMS ...] -o OUTPUT_FILE -s
START -e END -c CHROM [-w WINDOW] [-d MAX_DEPTH]
[--minq MINQ] [-t SV_TYPE] [-T TRANSCRIPT_FILE]
[-A ANNOTATION_FILES [ANNOTATION_FILES ...]]
[--coverage_tracktype {stack,superimpose}] [-a]
[-H PLOT_HEIGHT] [-W PLOT_WIDTH] [-q MIN_MQUAL] [-j]
[--start_ci START_CI] [--end_ci END_CI]
[--long_read LONG_READ] [--min_event_size MIN_EVENT_SIZE]
[--xaxis_label_fontsize XAXIS_LABEL_FONTSIZE]
[--yaxis_label_fontsize YAXIS_LABEL_FONTSIZE]
[--legend_fontsize LEGEND_FONTSIZE]
[--annotation_fontsize ANNOTATION_FONTSIZE]
[--common_insert_size] [--hide_annotation_labels]
[--coverage_only] [--same_yaxis_scales] [--zoom ZOOM]
[--debug DEBUG]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--marker_size MARKER_SIZE
Size of marks on pairs and splits (default 3)
-n TITLES [TITLES ...], --titles TITLES [TITLES ...]
Space-delimited list of plot titles. Use quote marks
to include spaces (i.e. "plot 1" "plot 2")
-r REFERENCE, --reference REFERENCE
Reference file for CRAM, required if CRAM files used
-z Z, --z Z Number of stdevs from the mean (default 4)
-b BAMS [BAMS ...], --bams BAMS [BAMS ...]
Space-delimited list of BAM/CRAM file names
-o OUTPUT_FILE, --output_file OUTPUT_FILE
Output file name
-s START, --start START
Start position of region/variant
-e END, --end END End position of region/variant
-c CHROM, --chrom CHROM
Chromosome
-w WINDOW, --window WINDOW
Window size (count of bases to include in view),
default(0.5 * len)
-d MAX_DEPTH, --max_depth MAX_DEPTH
Max number of normal pairs to plot
--minq MINQ coverage from reads with MAPQ <= minq plotted in
lighter grey. To disable, pass in negative value
-t SV_TYPE, --sv_type SV_TYPE
SV type. If omitted, plot is created without variant
bar
-T TRANSCRIPT_FILE, --transcript_file TRANSCRIPT_FILE
GFF of transcripts
-A ANNOTATION_FILES [ANNOTATION_FILES ...], --annotation_files ANNOTATION_FILES [ANNOTATION_FILES ...]
Space-delimited list of bed.gz tabixed files of
annotations (such as repeats, mappability, etc.)
--coverage_tracktype {stack,superimpose}
type of track to use for low MAPQ coverage plot.
-a, --print_args Print commandline arguments
-H PLOT_HEIGHT, --plot_height PLOT_HEIGHT
Plot height
-W PLOT_WIDTH, --plot_width PLOT_WIDTH
Plot width
-q MIN_MQUAL, --min_mqual MIN_MQUAL
Min mapping quality of reads to be included in plot
-j, --json_only Create only the json file, not the image plot
--start_ci START_CI confidence intervals of SV first breakpoint (distance
from the breakpoint). Must be a comma-separated pair
of ints (i.e. 20,40)
--end_ci END_CI confidence intervals of SV end breakpoint (distance
from the breakpoint). Must be a comma-separated pair
of ints (i.e. 20,40)
--long_read LONG_READ
Min length of a read to be treated as a long-read
(default 1000)
--min_event_size MIN_EVENT_SIZE
Min size of an event in long-read CIGAR to include
(default 100)
--xaxis_label_fontsize XAXIS_LABEL_FONTSIZE
Font size for X-axis labels (default 6)
--yaxis_label_fontsize YAXIS_LABEL_FONTSIZE
Font size for Y-axis labels (default 6)
--legend_fontsize LEGEND_FONTSIZE
Font size for legend labels (default 6)
--annotation_fontsize ANNOTATION_FONTSIZE
Font size for annotation labels (default 6)
--common_insert_size Set common insert size for all plots
--hide_annotation_labels
Hide the label (fourth column text) from annotation
files, useful for region with many annotations
--coverage_only Hide all reads and show only coverage
--same_yaxis_scales Set the scales of the Y axes to the max of all
--zoom ZOOM Only show +- zoom amount around breakpoints
--debug DEBUG Print debug statements
Samplot
is available from bioconda and is installable via the conda package manager:
conda install -c bioconda samplot
Samplot requires either BAM files or CRAM files as primary input. If you use CRAM, you'll also need a reference genome like one used the the 1000 Genomes Project.
Using data from NA12878, NA12889, and NA12890 in the 1000 Genomes Project (available in the test/data directory of samplot), we will inspect a possible deletion in NA12878 at 4:115928726-115931880 with respect to that same region in two unrelated samples NA12889 and NA12890.
The following command will create an image of that region:
time samplot plot \
-n NA12878 NA12889 NA12890 \
-b samplot/test/data/NA12878_restricted.bam \
samplot/test/data/NA12889_restricted.bam \
samplot/test/data/NA12890_restricted.bam \
-o 4_115928726_115931880.png \
-c chr4 \
-s 115928726 \
-e 115931880 \
-t DEL
real 0m3.882s
user 0m3.831s
sys 0m0.328s
The arguments used above are:
-n
The names to be shown for each sample in the plot
-b
The BAM/CRAM files of the samples (space-delimited)
-o
The name of the output file containing the plot
-c
The chromosome of the region of interest
-s
The start location of the region of interest
-e
The end location of the region of interest
-t
The type of the variant of interest
This will create an image file named 4_115928726_115931880.png
, shown below:
Gene annotations (tabixed, gff3 file) and genome features (tabixed, bgzipped, bed file) can be included in the plots.
Get the gene annotations:
wget ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/grch37/release-84/gff3/homo_sapiens/Homo_sapiens.GRCh37.82.gff3.gz
bedtools sort -i Homo_sapiens.GRCh37.82.gff3.gz \
| bgzip -c > Homo_sapiens.GRCh37.82.sort.gff3.gz
tabix Homo_sapiens.GRCh37.82.sort.gff3.gz
Get genome annotations, in this case Repeat Masker tracks and a mappability track:
wget http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenpath/hg19/encodeDCC/wgEncodeMapability/wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bigWig
bigWigToBedGraph wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bigWig wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bed
bgzip wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bed
tabix wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bed.gz
curl http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/hg19/database/rmsk.txt.gz \
| bgzip -d -c \
| cut -f 6,7,8,13 \
| bedtools sort -i stdin \
| bgzip -c > rmsk.bed.gz
tabix rmsk.bed.gz
Plot:
samplot plot \
-n NA12878 NA12889 NA12890 \
-b samplot/test/data/NA12878_restricted.bam \
samplot/test/data/NA12889_restricted.bam \
samplot/test/data/NA12890_restricted.bam \
-o 4_115928726_115931880.d100.genes_reps_map.png \
-c chr4 \
-s 115928726 \
-e 115931880 \
-t DEL \
-d 100 \
-T Homo_sapiens.GRCh37.82.sort.gff3.gz \
-A rmsk.bed.gz wgEncodeDukeMapabilityUniqueness35bp.bed.gz
To plot images from structural variant calls in a VCF file, use samplot's
vcf
subcommand. This accepts a VCF file and the BAM files of samples
you wish to plot, outputting images and an index.html
page for review.
samplot vcf
usage: samplot vcf [-h] [--vcf VCF] [-d OUT_DIR] [--ped PED] [--dn_only]
[--min_call_rate MIN_CALL_RATE] [--filter FILTER]
[-O {png,pdf,eps,jpg}] [--max_hets MAX_HETS]
[--min_entries MIN_ENTRIES] [--max_entries MAX_ENTRIES]
[--max_mb MAX_MB] [--min_bp MIN_BP]
[--important_regions IMPORTANT_REGIONS] -b BAMS [BAMS ...]
[--sample_ids SAMPLE_IDS [SAMPLE_IDS ...]]
[--command_file COMMAND_FILE] [--format FORMAT] [--gff GFF]
[--downsample DOWNSAMPLE] [--manual_run]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--vcf VCF, -v VCF VCF file containing structural variants
-d OUT_DIR, --out-dir OUT_DIR
path to write output PNGs
--ped PED path ped (or .fam) file
--dn_only plots only putative de novo variants (PED file
required)
--min_call_rate MIN_CALL_RATE
only plot variants with at least this call-rate
--filter FILTER simple filter that samples must meet. Join multiple
filters with '&' and specify --filter multiple times
for 'or' e.g. DHFFC < 0.7 & SVTYPE = 'DEL'
-O {png,pdf,eps,jpg}, --output_type {png,pdf,eps,jpg}
type of output figure
--max_hets MAX_HETS only plot variants with at most this many
heterozygotes
--min_entries MIN_ENTRIES
try to include homref samples as controls to get this
many samples in plot
--max_entries MAX_ENTRIES
only plot at most this many heterozygotes
--max_mb MAX_MB skip variants longer than this many megabases
--min_bp MIN_BP skip variants shorter than this many bases
--important_regions IMPORTANT_REGIONS
only report variants that overlap regions in this bed
file
-b BAMS [BAMS ...], --bams BAMS [BAMS ...]
Space-delimited list of BAM/CRAM file names
--sample_ids SAMPLE_IDS [SAMPLE_IDS ...]
Space-delimited list of sample IDs, must have same
order as BAM/CRAM file names. BAM RG tag required if
this is ommitted.
--command_file COMMAND_FILE
store commands in this file.
--format FORMAT comma separated list of FORMAT fields to include in
sample plot title
--gff GFF genomic regions (.gff with .tbi in same directory)
used when building HTML table and table filters
--downsample DOWNSAMPLE
Number of normal reads/pairs to plot
--manual_run don't auto-run the samplot plot commands (command_file
will be deleted)
samplot vcf
can be used to quickly apply some basic filters to variants. Filters are applied via the --filter
argument, which may be repeated as many times as desired. Each expression specified with the --filter
option is applied separately in an OR fashion, which &
characters may be used within a statement for AND operations.
samplot vcf \
--filter "SVTYPE == 'DEL' & SU >= 8" \
--filter "SVTYPE == 'INV' & SU >= 5" \
--vcf example.vcf\
-d test/\
-O png\
--important_regions regions.bed\
-b example.bam > samplot_commands.sh
This example will create a directory named test (in the current working directory). A file named index.html
will be created inside that directory to explore the images created.
Filters: The above filters will remove all samples/variants from output except:
DUP
variants with at leastSU
of 8INV
variants withSU
of at least 5
The specific FORMAT
fields available in your VCF file may be different. I recommend SV VCF annotation with duphold by brentp.
For more complex expression-based VCF filtering, try brentp's slivar, which provides similar but more broad options for filter expressions.
Region restriction. Variants can also be filtered by overlap with a set of region (for example, gene coordinates for genes correlated with a disease). The important_regions
argument provides a BED file of such regions for this example.
Filtering for de novo SVs
Using a PED file with samplot vcf
allows filtering for variants that may be spontaneous/de novo variants. This filter is a simple Mendelian violation test. If a sample 1) has valid parent IDs in the PED file, 2) has a non-homref genotype (1/0, 0/1, or 1/1 in VCF), 3) passes filters, and 4) both parents have homref genotypes (0/0 in VCF), the sample may have a de novo variant. Filter parameters are not applied to the parents. The sample is plotted along with both parents, which are labeled as father and mother in the image.
Example call with the addition of a PED file:
samplot vcf \ --filter "SVTYPE == 'DEL' & SU >= 8" \ --filter "SVTYPE == 'INV' & SU >= 5" \ --vcf example.vcf\ -d test/\ -O png\ --ped family.ped\ --important_regions regions.bed\ -b example.bam > samplot_commands.sh
Additional notes.
- Variants where fewer than 95% of samples have a call (whether reference or alternate) will be excluded by default. This can be altered via the command-line argument
min_call_rate
. - If you're primarily interested in rare variants, you can use the
max_hets
filter to remove variants that appear in more thanmax_hets
samples. - Large variants can now be plotted easily by samplot through use of
samplot plot
'szoom
argument. However, you can still choose to only plot variants larger than a given size using themax_mb
argument. Thezoom
argument takes an integer parameter and shows only the intervals within +/- that parameter on either side of the breakpoints. A dotted line connects the ends of the variant call bar at the top of the window, showing that the region between breakpoint intervals is not shown. - By default, if fewer than 6 samples have a variant and additional homref samples are given, control samples will be added from the homref group to reach a total of 6 samples in the plot. This number may be altered using the
min_entries
argument. - Arguments that are optional in
samplot plot
can by given as arguments tosamplot vcf
. They will be applied to each image generated.
Samplot also support CRAM input, which requires a reference fasta file for reading as noted above. Notice that the reference file is not included in this repository due to size. This time we'll plot an interesting duplication at X:101055330-101067156.
samplot plot \
-n NA12878 NA12889 NA12890 \
-b samplot/test/data/NA12878_restricted.cram \
samplot/test/data/NA12889_restricted.cram \
samplot/test/data/NA12890_restricted.cram \
-o cramX_101055330_101067156.png
-c chrX \
-s 101055330 \
-e 101067156 \
-t DUP \
-r hg19.fa
The arguments used above are the same as those used for the basic use case, with the addition of the following:
-r
The reference file used for reading CRAM files
Samplot can also plot genomic regions that are unrelated to an SV. If you do
not pass the SV type option (-t
) then the top SV bar will go away and only
the region that is given by -c
-s
and -e
will be displayed.
Any alignment that is longer than 1000 bp is treated as a long read, and the plot design will focus on aligned regions and gaps. Aligned regions are in orange, and gaps follow the same DEL/DUP/INV color code used for short reads. The height of the alignment is based on the size of its largest gap.
If the bam file has an MI tag, then the reads will be treated as linked reads. The plots will be similar to short read plots, but all alignments with the same MI is plotted at the same height according to alignment with the largest gap in the group. A green line connects all alignments in a group.