0x1D. C - Binary trees

Foundations - Low-level programming & Algorithm ― Data structures and Algorithms

Tasks

  1. New node mandatory

Write a function that creates a binary tree node

Prototype: binary_tree_t *binary_tree_node(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
Where parent is a pointer to the parent node of the node to create
And value is the value to put in the new node
When created, a node does not have any child
Your function must return a pointer to the new node, or NULL on failure
  1. Insert left mandatory

Write a function that inserts a node as the left-child of another node

Prototype: binary_tree_t *binary_tree_insert_left(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
Where parent is a pointer to the node to insert the left-child in
And value is the value to store in the new node
Your function must return a pointer to the created node, or NULL on failure or if parent is NULL
If parent already has a left-child, the new node must take its place, and the old left-child must be set as the left-child of the new node.
  1. Insert right mandatory

Write a function that inserts a node as the right-child of another node

Prototype: binary_tree_t *binary_tree_insert_right(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
Where parent is a pointer to the node to insert the right-child in
And value is the value to store in the new node
Your function must return a pointer to the created node, or NULL on failure or if parent is NULL
If parent already has a right-child, the new node must take its place, and the old right-child must be set as the right-child of the new node.
  1. Delete mandatory

Write a function that deletes an entire binary tree

Prototype: void binary_tree_delete(binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to delete
If tree is NULL, do nothing
  1. Is leaf mandatory

Write a function that checks if a node is a leaf

Prototype: int binary_tree_is_leaf(const binary_tree_t *node);
Where node is a pointer to the node to check
Your function must return 1 if node is a leaf, otherwise 0
If node is NULL, return 0
  1. Is root mandatory

Write a function that checks if a given node is a root

Prototype: int binary_tree_is_root(const binary_tree_t *node);
Where node is a pointer to the node to check
Your function must return 1 if node is a root, otherwise 0
If node is NULL, return 0
  1. Pre-order traversal mandatory

Write a function that goes through a binary tree using pre-order traversal

Prototype: void binary_tree_preorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to traverse
And func is a pointer to a function to call for each node. The value in the node must be passed as a parameter to this function.
If tree or func is NULL, do nothing
  1. In-order traversal mandatory

Write a function that goes through a binary tree using in-order traversal

Prototype: void binary_tree_inorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to traverse
And func is a pointer to a function to call for each node. The value in the node must be passed as a parameter to this function.
If tree or func is NULL, do nothing
  1. Post-order traversal mandatory

Write a function that goes through a binary tree using post-order traversal

Prototype: void binary_tree_postorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to traverse
And func is a pointer to a function to call for each node. The value in the node must be passed as a parameter to this function.
If tree or func is NULL, do nothing
  1. Height mandatory

Write a function that measures the height of a binary tree

Prototype: size_t binary_tree_height(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to measure the height.
If tree is NULL, your function must return 0
  1. Depth mandatory

Write a function that measures the depth of a node in a binary tree

Prototype: size_t binary_tree_depth(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the node to measure the depth
If tree is NULL, your function must return 0
  1. Size mandatory

Write a function that measures the size of a binary tree

Prototype: size_t binary_tree_size(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to measure the size
If tree is NULL, the function must return 0
  1. Leaves mandatory

Write a function that counts the leaves in a binary tree

Prototype: size_t binary_tree_leaves(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to count the number of leaves
If tree is NULL, the function must return 0
A NULL pointer is not a leaf
  1. Nodes mandatory

Write a function that counts the nodes with at least 1 child in a binary tree

Prototype: size_t binary_tree_nodes(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to count the number of nodes
If tree is NULL, the function must return 0
A NULL pointer is not a node
  1. Balance factor mandatory

Write a function that measures the balance factor of a binary tree

Prototype: int binary_tree_balance(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to measure the balance factor
If tree is NULL, return 0
  1. Is full mandatory

Write a function that checks if a binary tree is full

Prototype: int binary_tree_is_full(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to check
If tree is NULL, your function must return 0
  1. Is perfect mandatory

Write a function that checks if a binary tree is perfect

Prototype: int binary_tree_is_perfect(const binary_tree_t *tree);
Where tree is a pointer to the root node of the tree to check
If tree is NULL, your function must return 0
  1. Sibling mandatory

Write a function that finds the sibling of a node

Prototype: binary_tree_t *binary_tree_sibling(binary_tree_t *node);
Where node is a pointer to the node to find the sibling
Your function must return a pointer to the sibling node
If node is NULL or the parent is NULL, return NULL
If node has no sibling, return NULL
  1. Uncle mandatory

Write a function that finds the uncle of a node

Prototype: binary_tree_t *binary_tree_uncle(binary_tree_t *node);
Where node is a pointer to the node to find the uncle
Your function must return a pointer to the uncle node
If node is NULL, return NULL
If node has no uncle, return NULL