Shlang originally started as dumbSyth Syth is my dream programing language but as i never had made a language before i couldnt make good design decisions, so i decided to actually make a language.
Originally Shlang was to have no controlflow, no functions, no variables nothing like that, the goal was to print out something in the screen,
therefore only 2 keywords existed print and input, as more work was put on the interpreter originally made in c++, more features were added and it quickly went much further then the original goal, somehow print and input stayed as keywords even when moving to rust, only removed fairly recently.
andbreakcontinuedoelsefalsefuncifloopnotnullorreturntruevarwhilestructnew
Shlangs has no statements as so everything is an expression
Variables are a way of storing values in named containers, can be declared using var, as shlang is dynamic it doesnt have type annotation.
var a = 1;
# or
var a;By default a variable will have null
In shlang all numbers are floats, meaning that all numbers can have decimal points
9.0
9
104.32Strings are a way of representing text
"heyo!"
"hey hey
hey!"Booleans can be either true or false, booleans are used to build complex logic.
In shlang you can use and,or,not or &,|,! for boolean algebra.
(true and false) or (true & false) and (not true) | (!true)Shlang has 2 types of nothing void and null, null can be assigned to variables while void cant.
User definable data types can be created using the struct block
struct foo {
var msg;
func hello(){
println(hi);
}
}Each struct field can be accessed using .
foo.msg = "hello world!";
foo.hello();To construct the struct ie: making a new instance of that struct you use the new keyword
var new_foo = new foo{msg:1};Note modifying the instance with . will not modify its definiton
foo.msg = "hey";
var new_foo = new foo{};
# msg is stil nullTo construct a struct inside of itself you pass in Self in the struct name
struct foo {
var msg;
func hello(){
println(hi);
}
func make(_msg){
return new Self{msg:_msg};
}
}Coments are lines of code that are used for documentation, and are completly ignored.
- Single line comments
# weeee- Mutiline line comments
#*
weeee
*#
In shlang there many ways to assign a variable the most common being a = 1;, but there exist shorthands to further facilitate these tasks.
+=assigns the added value of the variable and the value of the expression.-=assigns the subtracted value of the variable and value of the expression.*=assigns the multiplies value of the variable and value of the expression./=assigns the divided value of the variable and value of the expression.
A block is a list of expression that are envolved by {}
do{
#this expression contains a block
}Shlang has first class functions, meaning you can treat them as any other value.
Creating a function object can be done with func.
var foo = func(bar){
return bar;
};
foo();On functions the return value will be implicitely null if nothing is returned
Defining functions can be done by giving a name to func
func foo(bar){
return bar;
}
foo();return is used to return values from functions.
func foo() {
return 1;
}appon a return all other code will be ignored
Results work by returning the last statement in a block and only if that last statement doesnt have a semicolon
var foo = do {
1;
2;
3 # results in 3
};# foo now has 3 var foo = do {
1
2
3;
};
# foo is now null as no value was returned results can be used in variable assignment and binary ops
print("hi"+if true {"a"} else {"b"})Ifs are expressions which their block will only be evaluated if a condition is true. as if is an expression you can use it in assignment/declaration, turning it into a sort of ternary statement
var inp = input();
var stuff = if inp == "hey"{"heyo!"} else {":("};you can chain ifs with else if
var inp = input();
var stuff = if inp == "hey"{
"heyo!"
}
else if inp == "ahoy"{
"arggggggg"
}
else{
":("
};Do blocks are expressions with blocks that immidately execute, think of like this a if true
var num = do {
var inserted = input();
str_to_num(inserted)
};Loops are expressions that will continually evaluate a block
there are 2 types of loops, while loops and loop
break and continue allow to control the flow of execution of a loop
breakstops the loopcontinuecontinues to the next evaluation of the block ignoring all other code
Note using results or returns will have the same effect as break
This loop will run indefinitely.
loop {
print("hi");
}This loop will run while a condition is true.
var a = 0;
while a < 10 {
a += 1;
print(a);
}println()takes in n arguments and logs them to the console with a space on each argument, and flushes with a newline
println("hey","ho");
println("ahoy");
#*
hey ho
ahoy
*#print()takes in n arguments and logs them to the console with a space on each argument, and doesnt print a newline
print("hey","ho");
print("ahoy");
# hey hoahoyinput()optionally takes in a prompt and retrieves user input as a string
var a = input("insert 2:");
var b = input();
# hey hoahoyparse_num()parses numbers from stringsto_str(val)converts a value to a stringtypeof(val)returns the type of a value as a string
typeof(1) # "num"
typeof(true) # "bool"
typeof("s") # "str"
typeof(1) # "num"
typeof(null) # "null"
typeof(println) # "func"
typeof(var a = 1) # "void".char_at(index)returns a character from a specified index returningnullif the index is out of bounds
"abc".char_at(1); # "b"
"a".char_at(9); # null.substr(start,length)returns a slice of the string that starts at the start index and towards a length, returning null if either value is invalid
"hello world".substr(0,4); # "hello"
"a".substr(1,4); # null.parse_num()parses a number from a value returning null if the number is invalid
"1_000.1".parse_num(); # 1000.1
"abc".parse_num() # null.to_string()converts a number to a string
9.to_string() # "9"