It is recommended that you install Danbooru on a Debian-based system since most of the required packages are available on APT. Danbooru has been successfully installed on Fedora, CentOS, FreeBSD, and OS X. The INSTALL.debian install script is straightforward and should be simple to adapt for other platforms.
For best performance, you will need at least 256MB of RAM for PostgreSQL and Rails. The memory requirement will grow as your database gets bigger.
On production Danbooru uses PostgreSQL 9.4, but any 9.x release should work.
Use your operating system's package management system whenever possible. This will simplify the process of installing init scripts, which will not always happen when compiling from source.
These instructions won't work for everyone. If your setup is not working, here are the steps I usually recommend to people:
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Test the database. Make sure you can connect to it using psql. Make sure the tables exist. If this fails, you need to work on correctly installing PostgreSQL, importing the initial schema, and running the migrations.
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Test the Rails database connection by using rails console. Run Post.count to make sure Rails can connect to the database. If this fails, you need to make sure your Danbooru configuration files are correct.
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Test Nginx to make sure it's working correctly. You may need to debug your Nginx configuration file.
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Check all log files.
In order to enable IQDB integration, you must compile and run the IQDB server somewhere (preferably on the local server). There are two Danbooru configuration settings that you must then set: iqdb_hostname_and_port and iqdb_file.
You must then populate the initial database. There is a fix script called 028_iqdb_import.rb to do this for you.
From then on, all new uploads will asynchronously create two tasks: one to update the IQDB database through the server interface (which updates the in-memory representation), and another to the command interface (which updates the disk representation). Expunging posts will also update the database.