Software Carpentry Bootcamps

This repository's gh-pages branch is the starting point for a bootcamp website: it contains a template for your bootcamp's home page and the shared lesson materials we have developed. The sections below explain how GitHub turns a repository into a web site, how you can build a website for your bootcamp using this repo as a starting point, what lessons we have, and where they're located. To contribute corrections or additions to this repository, see the contribution guidelines.

Note: If you are teaching Git in your bootcamp, you should create two repositories: one for your bootcamp's website, and one for learners to clone and update during your lessons. You should not try to use the same repo for both purposes because:

your website repo is probably going to be fairly large, and
you don't want a learner accidentally overwriting your lessons while you're trying to teach.

Table of Contents

Background
Getting Started
Previewing the Site
Variables
Include Files
Page Content
Lesson Material
Site Map
FAQ

Background

There are a few things you need to know in order to understand why we do things the way we do. Most of them are specific to GitHub, rather than Git itself.

Git uses the term "clone" to mean "a copy of a repository". GitHub uses the term "fork" to mean, "a copy of a GitHub-hosted repo that is also hosted on GitHub", and the term "clone" to mean "a copy of a GitHub-hosted repo that's located on someone else's machine". In both cases, the duplicate has a remote called origin that points to the original repo; other remotes can be added manually.
A user on GitHub can only have one fork of a particular repo. This is a problem for us because an instructor may be involved in several bootcamps, each of which has its own website repo. Those website repositories ought to be forks of this one, but since GitHub doesn't allow that, we've had to find a workaround.
If a repository has a file called README.md in its root directory, GitHub displays that file on the repository's home page.
If a repository has a branch called gh-pages (which stands for "GitHub pages"), then GitHub uses the HTML and Markdown files in that branch to create a website for the repository. If the repository's URL is http://github.com/darwin/finches, the URL for the website is http://darwin.github.io/finches.
If an HTML or Markdown file has a header consisting of three dashes, some data about the page, and three more dashes:
```
---
key: value
other_key: other_value
---
Page Content
```
then GitHub doesn't just copy the file over verbatim. Instead, it runs the file through a translator called Jekyll that looks for specially-formatted commands embedded in the file.
Commands can be embedded in the body of a page. One is {% include somefile.html %}, which tells Jekyll to copy the contents of somefile.html into the file being translated; this is used to create standard headers and footers for pages. Another is {{variable}}: when Jekyll see this, it replaces it with the value of variable. This is used to insert things like a contact email address and the URL for our Twitter account.
Jekyll gets variables from two places: a file called _config.yml located in the repo's root directory, and the header of each individual page. Variables from _config.yml are put in an object called site, and referred to as site.variable, so {{site.twitter_name}} in a page is replaced by @swcarpentry. Variables from the page's header are put in an object called page, and referred to as page.variable, so if a page's header defines a variable called venue, {{page.venue}} is replaced by "Euphoric State University" (or whatever value the variable has).
If a page uses {% include something.html %} to include a snippet of HTML, Jekyll looks in a directory called _includes to find something.html. It always looks there, and nowhere else, so anything we want people to be able to include in their pages has to be stored in _includes.
A repository can have another special directory called _layouts. If a page like index.html has a variable called layout, and that variable's value is standard.html, Jekyll loads the file _layouts/standard.html and copies the content of index.html into it, then expands the result. This is used to give the pages in a site a uniform appearance.

We have created three standard layouts for bootcamp pages:

bootcamp.html is used for bootcamps' home pages: it is the layout for the index.html page in your repo's root directory. Its header defines several variables (discussed below) that must be present in order for your bootcamp to be included in our main website.
lesson.html is used to lay out pages for individual lessons. You don't have to use it, but all of the pages in this repo's lessons directory do.
slides.html is used to format slideshows. It is still under development.

Getting Started

To create a website for a new bootcamp:

Create a new repository on GitHub with a name like YYYY-MM-DD-site, e.g., 2014-03-31-esu. This repository must not be a fork of an existing repository (because as mentioned earlier, GitHub only allows a user to fork a repository once, but many instructors are involved in several bootcamps). Please use the same ID for your bootcamp that the Software Carpentry admins are using to identify it (i.e., if the admins called the bootcamp 2014-03-31-esu, please don't call your repo euphoric-march-2014), and please use all lower-case (i.e., '2014-03-31-esu' instead of '2014-03-31-ESU').
Clone this new repository to your local machine and cd into it. You can ignore the warning about cloning an empty repository: it won't stay empty long.

Add the template repository https://github.com/swcarpentry/bc.git as a remote named swc:
```
git remote add swc https://github.com/swcarpentry/bc.git
```

Create a new branch in the local clone named gh-pages.
```
git checkout -b gh-pages
```
Pull content from the template repository's gh-pages branch into your desktop repository:
```
git pull swc gh-pages
```
Delete the swc remote so that you don't accidentally try to push your changes to the main bc repository:
```
git remote rm swc
```
Edit index.html to create the bootcamp home page (see below). Please double-check the information in the page's header (described below), as it is used to update the main website.
Preview your changes (see below).
Delete these instructions from your bootcamp's README.md file and replace them with a paragraph describing your bootcamp.
Push content to your YYYY-MM-DD-site repository:
```
git push origin gh-pages
```

As soon as your repo has been pushed to GitHub, GitHub will render your pages at the url:

http://{your-github-username}.github.io/YYYY-MM-DD-site/

You may update your bootcamp's website whenever you want.

Previewing the Site

To preview your bootcamp's page(s), go into its root directory and run:

make quick

This will run jekyll to create the directory ./_site; the index.html page in this directory should have the Software Carpentry look and feel and the information about your bootcamp.

Note: you will need to install Jekyll 1.0.3 or later in order to preview things locally. If you have Ruby installed on your computer, this should be as simple as:

gem install github-pages

or if that doesn't work:

gem install jekyll
gem install kramdown

(We use Kramdown for translating Markdown instead of the default Redcarpet because Kramdown will handle Markdown inside HTML blocks). On OS X, we suggest you use a recent Ruby to get access to these. If you don't have Homebrew or MacPorts installed, here's a quick recipe to get started using HomeBrew.

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/mxcl/homebrew/go)"
brew install ruby

and then gem install as above. If you don't have make in your machine, you can build the preview with:

jekyll -t build -d _site

or run:

make quick

which executes the same command.

Variables

Your bootcamp's index.html page (which uses the bootcamp.html layout from the _layouts directory) must define the following values in its YAML header:

layout must be bootcamp.
root is the path to the repository's root directory. This is '.' if the page is in the root directory (which index.html is), '..' if it is one directory down, and so on. If you create subdirectories for different rooms in your bootcamp, or for different lessons, set root accordingly.
venue is the name of the institution or group hosting the bootcamp.
address is the bootcamp venue's street address.
country must be a hyphenated country name like 'United-States'. This is used to look up flags for display in the main web site; see the assets/flags directory in the site repo for a full list of valid names.
latlng is the latitude and longitude of the bootcamp site (so we can put a pin on our map).
humandate is the human-friendly dates for the bootcamp (e.g., Jul 3-4, 2015). Please use three- or four-letter month names and abbreviations (e.g., Dec instead of December).
startdate is the bootcamp's starting date in YYYY-MM-DD format.
enddate is the bootcamp's ending date in the same format. If your bootcamp is only one day long, this field can be deleted.
registration is open (if anyone is allowed to sign up) or restricted (if only some people are allowed to take part). Please do not put HTML or links in here to explain who's allowed to enrol or how to go about doing it; that should go in the main body of your page.
instructor is a comma-separated list of instructor names. This must be enclosed in square brackets, as in ["Alan Turing","Grace Hopper"]
contact is the contact email address to use for your bootcamp.

The header may optionally define the following:

eventbrite is the multi-digit Eventbrite registration key. If you are using something else for registration, it may be deleted. If you are using Eventbrite, the admins will set this key for you.

Include Files

The _includes directory contains the following .html files:

header.html: material for the page's head.
banner.html: the generic banner with the Software Carpentry logo.
footer.html: the generic footer with links to Software Carpentry's web presence.
javascript.html: JQuery and Bootstrap Javascript.
setup.html: common setup instructions.

You normally won't need to worry about the first four --- they're included in the right places by our standard layouts --- but you may want to edit the fifth, or inline it in index.html.

Page Content

The body of index.html contains an explanation of what a bootcamp is and how it runs, followed by setup instructions for our standard software. Reorganize, rewrite, or delete this material as you think best.

Lesson Material

Our old lesson material is in the lessons directory. We plan to retire it in Spring 2014,
The new material for novices is in the directories under novice. The shell and Git materials are written in Markdown, while the Python and SQL use the IPython Notebook.
New material for intermediate learners is currently under development in directories under intermediate.

Site Map

The most important files and directories are highlighted.

CITATION - how to cite Software Carpentry.
CONTRIBUTING.md - how to contribute new material.
LICENSE.md - our license.
Makefile - rebuild this site (type make on its own for a list of targets).
README.md - how to use this site.
bib.md - bibliography.
contents.md - site map used in place of index.html on the main web site.
etherpad.txt - starter text for the bootcamp's Etherpad.
gloss.md - glossary of terms.
index.html - template for bootcamp home pages.
intro.md - introduction to book version of this site.
rules.md - the rules of programming (used in the book version of this site).
team.md - who we are.
_config.yml - Jekyll configuration directives.
_includes/ - snippets of HTML that can be included in other files by Jekyll.
_layouts/ - Jekyll page layouts.
_site/ - output directory (created when building the site locally).
_templates/ - template files for Pandoc conversion of IPython Notebooks.
bin/ - miscellaneous tools used in building the site.
branding/ - graphical assets related to Software Carpentry.
css/ - CSS files for this site.
data/ - miscellaneous data files used by examples.
img/ - images used throughout this site.
intermediate/ - intermediate lesson material (under development).
js/ - Javascript files used in this site.
lessons/ - old lesson material.
novice/ - novice lesson material.
setup/ - setup tools for installing bootcamp software.
setup.md - setup instructions for software used in bootcamps.
slides/ - slideshows (under construction).

FAQ

Where can I get help?
Mail us at admin@software-carpentry.org, or join our discussion list and ask for help there.
Why does the bootcamp repository have to be created from scratch? Why not fork bc on GitHub?
Because any particular user can only have one fork of a repository, but instructors frequently need to work on several bootcamps at once.
Why use Jekyll? Why not some other markup language and some other converter?
Because it's the default on GitHub. If we're going to teach people to use that site, we should teach them to use it as it is, not as we wish it was.
Why does make site take so long?
We know this problem happens with pandoc >= 1.2 and <= 1.12.3.3. If you are using one of this versions you can (a) update or (b) downgrade pandoc.

On a MacBook Air with pandoc 1.11.1 and Jekyll 1.3.0, making the site from scratch takes approximately 24 seconds, half of which is spent converting IPython Notebooks.
What do I do if I see a invalid byte sequence in ... error when I run make check?
Declare the en_US.UTF-8 locale in your shell:
```
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
```

What do I do if I see a Conversion error when I run make check?
The error message may look something like this:

Configuration file: d:/OpenCourses/swc/2013-10-17-round6.4/_config.yml
        Source: d:/OpenCourses/swc/2013-10-17-round6.4
   Destination: _site
  Generating... c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/posix-spawn-0.3.6/lib/posix/spawn.rb:162: wa
rning: cannot close fd before spawn
Conversion error: There was an error converting 'lessons/misc-biopython/fastq.md'.
done.

This is a problem in Pygments.rb Uninstall pygments.rb 0.5.1 or 0.5.2, install 0.5.0. For example, here's how you would uninstall pygments 0.5.2 and restore version 0.5.0:

gem uninstall pygments.rb --version "=0.5.2"
gem install pygments.rb --version "=0.5.0"

What do I do if I see a File not found: u'nbconvert' when I run make check?
The output of make check looks like this:

WARNING: Unrecognized alias: 'output', it will probably have no effect.[TerminalIPythonApp] File not found: u'nbconvert'
cp tmp/python/novice/01-numpy.html _site/python/novice/01-numpy.html
cp: cannot stat ‘tmp/python/novice/01-numpy.html’: No such file or directory

This means you don't have a recent enough version of IPython (below 1.0) and you should install a newer version. Installing a local version can be done with:

pip install --upgrade --user ipython

You might need pip that can be installed (under Ubuntu and alike) with:

sudo apt-get install python-pip

What if I get some missing packages messages when I run make check?
Some additional packages are required. They can be installed (under Ubuntu and alike) with:
```
sudo apt-get install pandoc
```
Where should pages go if multiple boot camps are running at a site simultaneously?
Use subdirectories like 2013-07-01-esu/beginners, so that main directory names always follow our four-part convention.

schryer/bc