A date math (aka datemath) parser compatiable with the elasticsearch 'date math' format
Working with date objects in python has always been interesting. Having a background in php, I have been looking for quite some time ( no pun intended ) for a way to do date time interpolation similar to php's strtotime()
function. While the arrow module comes close, I needed something that could turn date math type strings into datetime objects for use in tattle.io and other projects I use in elasticsearch. I have found even more uses for it, including AWS cloudwatch and various other projects and hopefully you will too.
Date Math is the short hand arithmetic to find relative time to fixed moments in date and time. Similar to the SOLR date math format, Elasticsearch has its own built in format for short hand date math and this module aims to support that same coverage in python.
Documentation from elasticsearch: http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-date-format.html#date-math
The date type supports using date math expression when using it in a query/filter (mainly makes sense in range query/filter).
The expression starts with an "anchor" date, which can be either now or a date string (in the applicable format) ending with
||
.
It can then follow by a math expression, supporting
+
,-
and/
(rounding).
The units supported are
y
(year),M
(month),w
(week),d
(day),h
(hour),m
(minute), ands
(second).
Here are some samples:
now+1h
,now+1h+1m
,now+1h/d
,2012-01-01||+1M/d
.
Note, when doing range type searches, and the upper value is inclusive, the rounding will properly be rounded to the ceiling instead of flooring it.
y or Y = 'year'
M = 'month'
m = 'minute'
d or D = 'day'
w = 'week'
h or H = 'hour'
s or S = 'second'
pip install python-datemath
Assuming our datetime is currently: '2016-01-01T00:00:00-00:00'
Expression: Result:
now-1h 2015-12-31T23:00:00+00:00
now-1y 2015-01-01T00:00:00+00:00
now+1y+2d 2017-01-03T00:00:00+00:00
now+12h 2016-01-01T12:00:00+00:00
now+1d/d 2016-01-03T00:00:00+00:00
now-2.5h 2015-12-31T21:30:00+00:00
+2h 2016-01-01T02:00:00+00:00
+1h/h 2016-01-01T02:00:00+00:00
now+1w/w 2016-01-11T00:00:00+00:00
now/d+7d+12h 2016-01-08T12:00:00+00:00
2016-01-01||+1d 2016-01-02T00:00:00+00:00
2015-01-01||+2w 2015-01-15T00:00:00+00:00
# Using the roundDown=False option
now/d 2016-01-01T23:59:59+00:00
now/Y 2016-12-31T23:59:59+00:00
By default datemath return an arrow date object representing your timestamp.
>>> from datemath import dm
>>>
>>> dm('now+1h')
<Arrow [2016-01-01T01:00:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now+1h+1m')
<Arrow [2016-01-01T01:01:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now+1h/d')
<Arrow [2016-01-02T00:00:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now-1d')
<Arrow [2015-12-31T00:00:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('2016-01-01||+1/d')
<Arrow [2016-01-02T00:00:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now/d+2h+3m')
<Arrow [2016-01-01T02:03:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now+/d', roundDown=False)
<Arrow [2016-01-01T23:59:00+00:00]>
>>> dm('now/d')
<Arrow [2016-01-01T00:00:00+00:00]>
>>> dm(1451610061) # Timestamp in epoch/unix as int (Please note, we do not support epoch millisecond at this time. Please convert your epoch millis to the nearest second. i.e. 1451610061000/1000)
<Arrow [2016-01-01T01:01:01+00:00]>
>>> dm('1451610061') # Timestamp in epoch/unix as string
<Arrow [2016-01-01T01:01:01+00:00]>
If you would rather have a string, you can use arrow's .format()
method.
For for info on string formatting, check out arrows tokens section: http://crsmithdev.com/arrow/#tokens
>>> from datemath import dm
>>>
>>> src_timestamp = dm('2016-01-01')
>>> print src_timestamp
2016-01-01T00:00:00+00:00
>>>
>>> new_timestamp = dm('-2w', now=src_timestamp)
>>> print new_timestamp
2015-12-18T00:00:00+00:00
>>>
>>> new_timestamp.format('YYYY.MM.DD')
u'2015.12.18'
>>>
Rather have a python datetime object instead? Just pass along the 'datetime' type
from datemath import dm
>>> dm('now', type='datetime')
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 22, 22, 58, 28, 338060, tzinfo=tzutc())
>>>
>>> dm('now+2d-1m', type='datetime')
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 24, 22, 57, 45, 394470, tzinfo=tzutc())
Or you can just import the datemath
module, this will always give us a native datetime
object
>>> from datemath import datemath
>>>
>>> datemath('2016-01-01T16:20:00||/d', roundDown=False)
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1, 23, 59, 59, 999999, tzinfo=tzutc())
>>>
>>>
>>> # roundDown=True is default and implied
>>> datemath('2016-01-01T16:20:00||/d')
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=tzutc())
>>>
If you want a Epoch timestamp back instead, we can do that.
>>> dm('now+2d-1m', type='timestamp')
1453676321
By default all objects returned by datemath are in UTC. If you want them them in a different timezone, just pass along the tz
argument.
Timezone list can be found here: https://gist.github.com/pamelafox/986163
from datemath import dm
>>> dm('now')
<Arrow [2016-01-26T01:00:53.601088+00:00]>
>>>
>>> dm('now', tz='US/Eastern')
<Arrow [2016-01-25T20:01:05.976880-05:00]>
>>>
>>> dm('now', tz='US/Pacific')
<Arrow [2016-01-25T17:01:18.456882-08:00]>
>>>
>>> dm('2017-10-20 09:15:20', tz='US/Pacific')
<Arrow [2017-10-20T09:15:20.000000-08:00]>
See CHANGELOG.md