rust examples
https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/getting-started/index.html
https://rustwiki.org/zh-CN/rust-by-example/index.html
命令
rustup update Get the latest version of Rust
show Show the active and installed toolchains or profiles
update Update Rust toolchains and rustup
check Check for updates to Rust toolchains and rustup
default Set the default toolchain
toolchain Modify or query the installed toolchains
target Modify a toolchain's supported targets
component Modify a toolchain's installed components
override Modify directory toolchain overrides
run Run a command with an environment configured for a given toolchain
which Display which binary will be run for a given command
doc Open the documentation for the current toolchain
man View the man page for a given command
self Modify the rustup installation
set Alter rustup settings
completions Generate tab-completion scripts for your shell
help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
cargo new project
cargo update # updates all dependencies
cargo update -p regex # updates just “regex”
cargo test
cargo test foo
build, b Compile the current package
check, c Analyze the current package and report errors, but don't build object files
clean Remove the target directory
doc, d Build this package's and its dependencies' documentation
new Create a new cargo package
init Create a new cargo package in an existing directory
run, r Run a binary or example of the local package
test, t Run the tests
bench Run the benchmarks
update Update dependencies listed in Cargo.lock
search Search registry for crates
publish Package and upload this package to the registry
install Install a Rust binary. Default location is $HOME/.cargo/bin
uninstall Uninstall a Rust binary
编译 rustc
格式化 rustfmt
rustup component add rustfmt #安装
cargo fmt #格式化Package Layout
.
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── src/
│ ├── lib.rs
│ ├── main.rs
│ └── bin/
│ ├── named-executable.rs
│ ├── another-executable.rs
│ └── multi-file-executable/
│ ├── main.rs
│ └── some_module.rs
├── benches/
│ ├── large-input.rs
│ └── multi-file-bench/
│ ├── main.rs
│ └── bench_module.rs
├── examples/
│ ├── simple.rs
│ └── multi-file-example/
│ ├── main.rs
│ └── ex_module.rs
└── tests/
├── some-integration-tests.rs
└── multi-file-test/
├── main.rs
└── test_module.rs
目录解释:
Cargo.toml and Cargo.lock are stored in the root of your package (package root).
Source code goes in the src directory.
The default library file is src/lib.rs.
The default executable file is src/main.rs.
Other executables can be placed in src/bin/.
Benchmarks go in the benches directory.
Examples go in the examples directory.
Integration tests go in the tests directory.
If a binary, example, bench, or integration test consists of multiple source files, place a main.rs file along with the extra modules within a subdirectory of the src/bin, examples, benches, or tests directory. The name of the executable will be the directory name.
Cargo Home
The "Cargo home" functions as a download and source cache.
https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html
config.toml Cargo's global configuration file
credentials.toml Private login credentials from cargo login in order to log in to a registry.
.crates.toml This hidden file contains package information of crates installed via cargo install. Do NOT edit by hand!
所有权规则
Rust的所有权规则保证了同一时刻永远只有一个变量持有一个对象的所有权，避免数据竞争。
1. Rust 中每一个值或者对象都有一个称之为其 所有者（owner）的变量
2. 值或对象有且只能有一个所有者
3. 当所有者离开作用域，所有者所代表的对象或者值会被立即销毁
4. 赋值语句、函数调用、函数返回等会导致所有权转移，原有变量会失效函数表
std::any::type_name::<T>() //返回变量类型名称
std::mem::size_of_val(&str)) //返回一个变量所占的字节数
std::mem属性
#[allow(dead_code)] #死代码，无效代码
#[warn(dead_code)]常见问题
- no authentication available
eval `ssh-agent -s`
ssh-add # 把专用密钥添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中
cargo build