sniklaus/softmax-splatting

How to understand equation 3?

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As I understand, the q should be a pair of coordinate (x, y) in I0, then (q + F[q]) should be the new location of I0 after farward warping based on flow map 0->t. However I don't understand why p minus the results above.

If p and q + flow_at_q cancel each other out, then the q points to p with the respective optical flow vector. The "cancels each other out" warrants the minus. And if u is 0 then b is 1 and b * I_0[q] contributes to I_t[p] (roughly speaking).