Pathfinding: A*, Dijkstra's Algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm
Procedural Generation: Wave Function Collapse, Fourier Transform
AI: Boids, Line of Sight
Recursion: Towers of Hanoi
Sorting: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
Searching: Binary Search, Breadth First Search(BFS), Depth First Search(DFS), Graph Representation, Minimum Spanning Trees, Kruskal, Prim
Asymptotic notation: Big O, Big-Theta, Big-Omega
Multithreading: Dynamic Multithreading, Multithreaded matrix multiplication, Multithreaded merge sort
http://bigocheatsheet.com/
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms