NAME Ora2Pg - Oracle to PostgreSQL database schema converter DESCRIPTION Ora2Pg is a free tool used to migrate an Oracle database to a PostgreSQL compatible schema. It connects your Oracle database, scan it automatically and extracts its structure or data, it then generates SQL scripts that you can load into your PostgreSQL database. Ora2Pg can be used from reverse engineering Oracle database to huge enterprise database migration or simply to replicate some Oracle data into a PostgreSQL database. It is really easy to used and doesn't need any Oracle database knowledge than providing the parameters needed to connect to the Oracle database. FEATURES Ora2Pg consist of a Perl script (ora2pg) and a Perl module (Ora2Pg.pm), the only thing you have to modify is the configuration file ora2pg.conf by setting the DSN to the Oracle database and optionaly the name of a schema. Once that's done you just have to set the type of export you want: TABLE with constraints, VIEW, MVIEW, TABLESPACE, SEQUENCE, INDEXES, TRIGGER, GRANT, FUNCTION, PROCEDURE, PACKAGE, PARTITION, TYPE, INSERT or COPY, FDW, QUERY, KETTLE . By default Ora2Pg exports to a file that you can load into PostgreSQL with the psql client, but you can also import directly into a PostgreSQL database by setting its DSN into the configuration file. With all configuration options of ora2pg.conf you have full control of what should be exported and how. Features included: - Export full database schema (tables, views, sequences, indexes), with unique, primary, foreign key and check constraints. - Export grants/privileges for users and groups. - Export range and list partition. - Export a table selection (by specifying the table names). - Export Oracle schema to a PostgreSQL 8.4+ schema. - Export predefined functions, triggers, procedures, packages and package bodies. - Export full data or following a WHERE clause. - Full support of Oracle BLOB object as PG BYTEA. - Export Oracle views as PG tables. - Export Oracle user defined types. - Provide some basic automatic conversion of PLSQL code to PLPGSQL. - Works on any plateform. - Export Oracle tables as foreign data wrapper tables. - Export materialized view. - Show a detailled report of an Oracle database content. - Migration cost assessment of an Oracle database. - Migration cost assessment of PL/SQL code from a file. - Migration cost assessment of Oracle SQL queries stored in a file. - Generate XML ktr files to be used with Penthalo Data Integrator (Kettle) Ora2Pg do its best to automatically convert your Oracle database to PostgreSQL but there's still manual works to do. The Oracle specific PL/SQL code generated for functions, procedures, packages and triggers has to be reviewed to match the PostgreSQL syntax. You will find some useful recommandations on porting Oracle PL/SQL code to PostgreSQL PL/PGSQL at "Converting from other Databases to PostgreSQL", section: Oracle (http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page). See http://ora2pg.darold.net/report.html for a HTML sample of an Oracle database migration report. INSTALLATION All Perl modules can always be found at CPAN (http://search.cpan.org/). Just type the full name of the module (ex: DBD::Oracle) into the search input box, it will brings you the page for download. Releases of Ora2Pg stay at SF.net (https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/). Under Windows you should install Strawberry Perl (http://strawberryperl.com/) and the OSes corresponding Oracle clients. It seems that compiling DBD::Oracle from CPAN on Windows can be a struggle and there be little documentation on that (mostly outdated and not working). Installing the free version of ActiveState Perl (http://www.activestate.com/activeperl) could help as they seems to have an already packaged DBD::Oracle easy to install. Requirement You need a modern Perl distribution (perl 5.6 and more), the DBI and DBD::Oracle Perl modules to be installed. These are used to connect to the Oracle database. To install DBD::Oracle and have it working you need to have the Oracle client libraries installed and the ORACLE_HOME environment variable must be defined. Optional By default Ora2Pg dumps export to flat files, to load them into your PostgreSQL database you need the PostgreSQL client (psql). If you don't have it on the host running Ora2Pg you can always transfer these files to a host with the psql client installed. If you prefer to load export 'on the fly', the perl module DBD::Pg is required. Ora2Pg allow to dump all output int a compressed gzip file, to do that you need the Compress::Zlib Perl module or if you prefer using bzip2 compression, the program bzip2 must be available in your PATH. Installing Ora2Pg Like any other Perl Module Ora2Pg can be installed with the following commands: tar xzf ora2pg-10.x.tar.gz cd ora2pg-10.x/ perl Makefile.PL make && make install This will install Ora2Pg.pm into your site Perl repository, ora2pg into /usr/local/bin/ and ora2pg.conf into /etc/ora2pg/. On Windows(tm) OSes you may use instead: perl Makefile.PL dmake && dmake install This will install scripts and libraries into your Perl site installation directory and the ora2pg.conf file as well as all documentation files into C:\ora2pg\ Packaging If you want to build binary package for your preferred Linux distribution take a look at the packaging/ directory of the source tarball. There's everything to build RPM, Slackware and Debian packages. See README file in that directory. CONFIGURATION Ora2Pg configuration can be as simple as choose the Oracle database to export and choose the export type. This can be done in the minute. By reading this documentation you will also be able to: - Select only certain tables and/or column for export. - Rename some tables and/or column during export. - Select data to export following a WHERE clause per table. - Delay database constraints during data loading. - Compress exported data to save disk space. - and much more. The full control of the Oracle database migration is taken though a single configuration file named ora2pg.conf. The format of this file consist in a directive name in upper case followed by tab character and a value. Comments are lines beginning with a #. Ora2Pg usage By default Ora2Pg will look for /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf configuration file, if the file exist you can simply execute: /usr/local/bin/ora2pg If you want to call another configuration file, just give the path as command line argument: /usr/local/bin/ora2pg --config /etc/ora2pg/new_ora2pg.conf Here are all command line parameters available when using ora2pg: Usage: ora2pg [-dhpqv --estimate_cost --dump_as_html] [--option value] -a | --allow str : coma separated list of objects to allow from export. Can be used with SHOW_COLUMN too. -b | --basedir dir: Used to set the default output directory, where files resulting from exports will be stored. -c | --conf file : Used to set an alternate configuration file than the default /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf. -d | --debug : Enable verbose output. -e | --exclude str: coma separated list of objects to exclude from export. Can be used with SHOW_COLUMN too. -h | --help : Print this short help. -i | --input file : File containing Oracle PL/SQL code to convert with no Oracle database connection initiated. -j | --jobs num : number of parallel process to send data to PostgreSQL. -J | --copies num : number of parallel connection to extract data from Oracle. -l | --log file : Used to set a log file. Default is stdout. -L | --limit num : number of tuples extracted from Oracle and stored in memory before writing, default: 10000. -n | --namespace schema : Used to set the Oracle schema to extract from. -o | --out file : Used to set the path to the output file where SQL will be written. Default: output.sql in running directory. -p | --plsql : Enable PLSQL to PLPSQL code conversion. -q | --quiet : disable progress bar. -s | --source DSN : Allow to set the Oracle DBI datasource. -t | --type export: Used to set the export type. It will override the one given in the configuration file (TYPE). -u | --user name : Used to set the Oracle database connection user. -v | --version : Show Ora2Pg Version and exit. -w | --password pwd : Used to set the password of the Oracle database user. --forceowner: if set to 1 force ora2pg to set tables and sequences owner like in Oracle database. If the value is set to a username this one will be used as the objects owner. By default it's the user used to connect to the Pg database that will be the owner. --nls_lang code: use this to set the Oracle NLS_LANG client encoding. --client_encoding code: Use this to set the PostgreSQL client encoding. --view_as_table str: coma separated list of view to export as table. --estimate_cost : activate the migration cost evalution with SHOW_REPORT --cost_unit_value minutes: number of minutes for a cost evalution unit. default: 5 minutes, correspond to a migration conducted by a PostgreSQL expert. Set it to 10 if this is your first migration. --dump_as_html : force ora2pg to dump report in HTML, used only with SHOW_REPORT. Default is to dump report as simple text. See full documentation at http://ora2pg.darold.net/ for more help or see manpage with 'man ora2pg'. It is possible to add your own custom option(s) in the Perl script ora2pg as any configuration directive from ora2pg.conf can be passed in lower case to the new Ora2Pg object instance. See ora2pg code on how to add your own option. Oracle database connection There's 5 configuration directives to control the access to the Oracle database. ORACLE_HOME Used to set ORACLE_HOME environment variable to the Oracle libraries required by the DBD::Oracle Perl module. ORACLE_DSN This directive is used to set the data source name in the form standard DBI DSN. For example: dbi:Oracle:host=oradb_host.myhost.com;sid=DB_SID or dbi:Oracle:DB_SID for the second notation the SID should be declared in the well known file $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora. ORACLE_USER et ORACLE_PWD These two directives are used to define the user and password for the Oracle database connection. Note that if you can it is better to login as Oracle super admin to avoid grants problem during the database scan and be sure that nothing is missing. USER_GRANTS Set this directive to 1 if you connect the Oracle database as simple user and do not have enough grants to extract things from the DBA_... tables. It will use tables ALL_... instead. Warning: if you use export type GRANT, you must set this configuration option to 0 or it will not works. TRANSACTION This directive may be used if you want to change the default isolation level of the data export transaction. Default is now to set the level to a serializable transaction to ensure data consistency. The allowed values for this directive are: readonly: 'SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY', readwrite: 'SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE', serializable: 'SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE' committed: 'SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED', Releases before 6.2 used to set the isolation level to READ ONLY transaction but in some case this was breaking data consistency so now default is set to SERIALIZABLE. INPUT_FILE This directive did not control the Oracle database connection or unless it purely disable the use of any Oracle database by accepting a file as argument. Set this directive to a file containing PL/SQL Oracle Code like function, procedure or full package body to prevent Ora2Pg from connecting to an Oracle database end just apply his convertion tool to the content of the file. This can only be used with the following export type: PROCEDURE, FUNCTION or PACKAGE. If you don't know what you do don't use this directive, I use it to find PL/SQL parser and PL/PGSQL converter issues. Data encryption with Oracle server If your Oracle Client config file already includes the encryption method, then DBD:Oracle uses those settings to encrypt the connection while you extract the data. For example if you have configured the Oracle Client config file (sqlnet.or or .sqlnet) with the following information: # Configure encryption of connections to Oracle SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_CLIENT = required SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_TYPES_CLIENT = (AES256, RC4_256) SQLNET.CRYPTO_SEED = 'should be 10-70 random characters' Any tool that uses the Oracle client to talk to the database will be encrypted if you setup a session encryption like above. For example, Perl's DBI uses DBD-Oracle, which uses the Oracle client for actually handling database communication. If the installation of Oracle client used by Perl is setup to request encrypted connections, then your Perl connection to an Oracle database will also be encrypted. Full details at https://kb.berkeley.edu/jivekb/entry.jspa?externalID=1005 Testing Once you have set the Oracle database DSN you can execute ora2pg to see if it works. By default the configuration file will export the database schema to a file called 'output.sql'. Take a look in it to see if the schema has been exported. Take some time here to test your installation as most of the problem take place here, the other configuration step are more technical. Trouble shooting If the output.sql file has not exported anything else than the Pg transaction header and footer there's two possible reasons. The perl script ora2pg dump an ORA-XXX error, that mean that you DSN or login information are wrong, check the error and your settings and try again. The perl script says nothing and the output file is empty: the user has not enough right to extract something from the database. Try to connect Oracle as super user or take a look at directive USER_GRANTS above and at next section, especiallly the SCHEMA directive. LOGFILE By default all message are sent to the standard output. If you give a file path to that directive, all output will be appended to this file. Oracle schema to export The Oracle database export can be limited to a specific Schema or Namespace, this can be mandatory following the database connection user. SCHEMA This directive is used to set the schema name to use during export. For example: SCHEMA APPS will extract objects associated to the APPS schema. EXPORT_SCHEMA By default the Oracle schema is not exported into the PostgreSQL database and all objects are created under the default Pg namespace. If you want to also export this schema and create all objects under this namespace, set the EXPORT_SCHEMA directive to 1. This will set the schema search_path at top of export SQL file to the schema name set in the SCHEMA directive with the default pg_catalog schema. If you want to change this path, use the directive PG_SCHEMA. CREATE_SCHEMA Enable/disable the CREATE SCHEMA SQL order at starting of the output file. It is enable by default and concern on TABLE export type. COMPILE_SCHEMA By default Ora2Pg will only export valid PL/SQL code. You can force Oracle to compile again the invalidated code to get a chance to have it obtain the valid status and then be able to export it. Enable this directive to force Oracle to compile schema before exporting code. This will ask to Oracle to validate the PL/SQL that could have been invalidate after a export/import for example. If you set the value to 1 it will exec: DBMS_UTILITY.compile_schema(schema => sys_context('USERENV', 'SESSION_USER')); but if you provide the name of a particular schema it will use the following command: DBMS_UTILITY.compile_schema(schema => 'schemaname'); The 'VALID' or 'INVALID' status applies to functions, procedures, packages and user defined types. EXPORT_INVALID If the above configuration directive is not enough to validate your PL/SQL code enable this configuration directive to allow export of all PL/SQL code even if it is marked as invalid. The 'VALID' or 'INVALID' status applies to functions, procedures, packages and user defined types. PG_SCHEMA Allow you to defined/force the PostgreSQL schema to use. The value can be a coma delimited list of schema name. By default if you set EXPORT_SCHEMA to 1, the PostgreSQL schema search_path will be set to the schema name set as value of the SCHEMA directive plus the default pg_catalog schema as follow: SET search_path = $SCHEMA, pg_catalog; If you set PG_SCHEMA to something like "user_schema, public" for example the search path will be set like this: SET search_path = $PG_SCHEMA; -- SET search_path = user_schema, public; This will force to not use the Oracle schema set in the SCHEMA directive. SYSUSERS Without explicit schema, Ora2Pg will export all objects that not belongs to system schema or role: SYS, SYSTEM, DBSNMP, OUTLN, PERFSTAT, CTXSYS, XDB, WMSYS, SYSMAN, SQLTXPLAIN, MDSYS, EXFSYS, ORDSYS, DMSYS, OLAPSYS, FLOWS_020100, FLOWS_FILES, TSMSYS. Following your Oracle installation you may have several other system role defined. To append these users to the schema exclusion list, just set the SYSUSERS configuration directive to a coma separated list of system user to exclude. For example: SYSUSERS INTERNAL,SYSDBA will add users INTERNAL and SYSDBA to the schema exclusion list. FORCE_OWNER By default the owner of the database objects is the one you're using to connect to PostgreSQL using the psql command. If you use an other user (postgres for exemple) you can force Ora2Pg to set the object owner to be the one used in the Oracle database by setting the directive to 1, or to a completely different username by setting the directive value to that username. Export type The export action is perform following a single configuration directive 'TYPE', some other add more control on what should be really exported. TYPE Here are the different values of the TYPE directive, default is TABLE: - TABLE: Extract all tables with indexes, primary keys, unique keys, foreign keys and check constraints. - VIEW: Extract only views. - GRANT: Extract roles converted to Pg groups, users and grants on all objects. - SEQUENCE: Extract all sequence and their last position. - TABLESPACE: Extract storage spaces for tables and indexes (Pg >= v8). - TRIGGER: Extract triggers defined following actions. - FUNCTION: Extract functions. - PROCEDURE: Extract procedures. - PACKAGE: Extract packages and package bodies. - INSERT: Extract data as INSERT statement. - COPY: Extract data as COPY statement. - PARTITION: Extract range and list Oracle partitioning. - TYPE: Extract user defined Oracle type. - FDW: Export Oracle tables as foreign table for oracle_fdw. - MVIEW: Export materialized view. - QUERY: Try to automatically convert Oracle SQL queries. - KETTLE: generate XML ktr template files to be used by Kettle. Only one type of export can be perform at the same time so the TYPE directive must be unique. If you have more than one only the last found in the file will be registered. Some export type can not or should not be load directly into the PostgreSQL database and still require little manual editing. This is the case for GRANT, TABLESPACE, TRIGGER, FUNCTION, PROCEDURE, TYPE, QUERY and PACKAGE export types especially if you have PLSQL code or Oracle specific SQL in it. For TABLESPACE you must ensure that file path exist on the system. Note that you can chained multiple export by giving to the TYPE directive a coma separated list of export type. The PARTITION export is a work in progress as table partition support is not yet implemented into PostgreSQL. Ora2Pg will convert Oracle partition using table inheritence, trigger and function workaround. See document at Pg site: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/ddl-partitioning. html This new feature in Ora2Pg has not been widly tested so feel free to report any bug and patch. The TYPE export allow export of user defined Oracle type. If you don't use the --plsql command line parameter it simply dump Oracle user type asis else Ora2Pg will try to convert it to PostgreSQL syntax. The KETTLE export type requires that the Oracle and PostgreSQL DNS are defined. Since Ora2Pg v8.1 there's three new export types: SHOW_VERSION : display Oracle version SHOW_SCHEMA : display the list of schema available in the database. SHOW_TABLE : display the list of tables available. SHOW_COLUMN : display the list of tables columns available and the Ora2PG conversion type from Oracle to PostgreSQL that will be applied. It will also warn you if there's PostgreSQL reserved words in Oracle object names. Here is an example of the SHOW_COLUMN output: [2] TABLE CURRENT_SCHEMA (1 rows) (Warning: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA' is a reserved word in PostgreSQL) CONSTRAINT : NUMBER(22) => bigint (Warning: 'CONSTRAINT' is a reserved word in PostgreSQL) FREEZE : VARCHAR2(25) => varchar(25) (Warning: 'FREEZE' is a reserved word in PostgreSQL) ... [6] TABLE LOCATIONS (23 rows) LOCATION_ID : NUMBER(4) => smallint STREET_ADDRESS : VARCHAR2(40) => varchar(40) POSTAL_CODE : VARCHAR2(12) => varchar(12) CITY : VARCHAR2(30) => varchar(30) STATE_PROVINCE : VARCHAR2(25) => varchar(25) COUNTRY_ID : CHAR(2) => char(2) Those extraction keyword are use to only display the requested information and exit. This allow you to quickly know on what you are going to work. The SHOW_COLUMN allow an other ora2pg command line option: '--allow relname' or '-a relname' to limit the displayed information to the given table. Since Ora2Pg v8.2 there's a new export type: SHOW_ENCODING : display the Oracle session encoding, useful to set NSL_LANG. Since release v8.12, Ora2Pg allow you to export your Oracle Table definition to be use with the oracle_fdw foreign data wrapper. By using type FDW your Oracle tables will be exported as follow: CREATE FOREIGN TABLE oratab ( id integer NOT NULL, text character varying(30), floating double precision NOT NULL ) SERVER oradb OPTIONS (table 'ORATAB'); Now you can use the table like a regular PostgreSQL table. See http://pgxn.org/dist/oracle_fdw/ for more information on this foreign data wrapper. Release 10 adds a new export type destinated to evaluate the content of the database to migrate, in terms of objects and cost to end the migration: SHOW_REPORT : show a detailled report of the Oracle database content. Here is a sample of report: -------------------------------------- Ora2Pg: Oracle Database Content Report -------------------------------------- Version Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 Schema HR Size 880.00 MB -------------------------------------- Object Number Invalid Comments -------------------------------------- CLUSTER 2 0 Clusters are not supported and will not be exported. FUNCTION 40 0 Total size of function code: 81992. INDEX 435 0 232 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. 1 bitmap index(es). 230 b-tree index(es). 1 reversed b-tree index(es) Note that bitmap index(es) will be exported as b-tree index(es) if any. Cluster, domain, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. You may also use 'varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops' or 'bpchar_pattern_ops' operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns. MATERIALIZED VIEW 1 0 All materialized view will be exported as snapshot materialized views, they are only updated when fully refreshed. PACKAGE BODY 2 1 Total size of package code: 20700. PROCEDURE 7 0 Total size of procedure code: 19198. SEQUENCE 160 0 Sequences are fully supported, but all call to sequence_name.NEXTVAL or sequence_name.CURRVAL will be transformed into NEXTVAL('sequence_name') or CURRVAL('sequence_name'). TABLE 265 0 1 external table(s) will be exported as standard table. See EXTERNAL_TO_FDW configuration directive to export as file_fdw foreign tables or use COPY in your code if you just want to load data from external files. 2 binary columns. 4 unknow types. TABLE PARTITION 8 0 Partitions are exported using table inheritance and check constraint. 1 HASH partitions. 2 LIST partitions. 6 RANGE partitions. Note that Hash partitions are not supported. TRIGGER 30 0 Total size of trigger code: 21677. TYPE 7 1 5 type(s) are concerned by the export, others are not supported. 2 Nested Tables. 2 Object type. 1 Subtype. 1 Type Boby. 1 Type inherited. 1 Varrays. Note that Type inherited and Subtype are converted as table, type inheritance is not supported. TYPE BODY 0 3 Export of type with member method are not supported, they will not be exported. VIEW 7 0 Views are fully supported, but if you have updatable views you will need to use INSTEAD OF triggers. DATABASE LINK 1 0 Database links will not be exported. You may try the dblink perl contrib module or use the SQL/MED PostgreSQL features with the different Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extentions. Note: Invalid code will not be exported unless the EXPORT_INVALID configuration directive is activated. There also a more advanced report with migration cost. See the dedicated chapter about Migration Cost Evaluation. ESTIMATE_COST Activate the migration cost evaluation. Must only be used with SHOW_REPORT, FUNCTION, PROCEDURE, PACKAGE and QUERY export type. Default is disabled. You may wat to use the --estimate_cost command line option instead to activate this functionnality. COST_UNIT_VALUE Set the value in minutes of the migration cost evaluation unit. Default is five minutes per unit. See --cost_unit_value to change the unit value at command line. DUMP_AS_HTML By default when using SHOW_REPORT the migration report is generated as simple text, enabling this directive will force ora2pg to create a report in HTML format. See http://ora2pg.darold.net/report.html for a sample report. JOBS This configuration directive adds multiprocess support to data export type, the value is the number of process to use. Default is multiprocess disable. This directive is used to set the number of cores to used to parallelize data import into PostgreSQL. It replace the old code based on Perl Threads activated with the obsolete THREAD_COUNT configuration directive that was not very useful and is now replaced with fork() calls. There's no more limitation in parallel processing than the number of cores and the PostgreSQL I/O performance capabilities. Doesn't works under Windows Operating System, it is simply disabled. ORACLE_COPIES This configuration directive adds multiprocess support to extract data from Oracle. The value is the number of process to use to parallelize the select query. Default is parallel query disable. The parallelism is built on splitting the query following of the number of cores given as value to ORACLE_COPIES as follow: SELECT * FROM MYTABLE WHERE MOD(COLUMN, ORACLE_COPIES) = CUR_PROC where COLUMN is a technical key like a primary or unique key where split will be based and the current core used by the query (CUR_PROC). Doesn't works under Windows Operating System, it is simply disabled. DEFINED_PK This directive is used to defined the technical key to used to split the query between number of cores set with the ORACLE_COPIES variable. For example: DEFINED_PK EMPLOYEES:employee_id The parallel query that will be used supposing that -J or ORACLE_COPIES is set to 8: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE MOD(employee_id, 8) = N where N is the current process forked starting from 0. FDW_SERVER This directive is used to set the name of the foreign data server that is used in the "CREATE SERVER name FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER oracle_fdw ..." command. This name will then be used in the "CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ..." SQL command. Default is arbitrary set to orcl. This only concern export type FDW. EXTERNAL_TO_FDW This directive, enabled by default, allow to export Oracle's External Tables as file_fdw foreign tables. To not export these tables at all, set the directive to 0. Limiting object to export You may want to export only a part of an Oracle database, here are a set of configuration directives that will allow you to control what parts of the database should be exported. ALLOW This directive allow you to set a list of objects on witch the export must be limited, excluding all other objects in the same type of export. The value is a space separated list of objects name to export. You can include valid regex into the list. For example: ALLOW EMPLOYEES SALE_.* COUNTRIES .*_GEOM_SEQ will export objects with name EMPLOYEES, COUNTRIES, all objects begining with 'SALE_' and all objects with a name ending by '_GEOM_SEQ'. The object depends of the export type. This directive replace the obsolète 'TABLES' configuration directive, this is just a renaming to be less confusing. EXCLUDE This directive is the opposite of the previous, it allow you to define a space separated list of object name to exclude from the export. You can include valid regex into the list. For example: EXCLUDE EMPLOYEES TMP_.* COUNTRIES will exclude object with name EMPLOYEES, COUNTRIES and all tables begining with 'tmp_'. For example, you can ban from export some unwanted function with this directive: EXCLUDE write_to_.* send_mail_.* this example will exclude all functions, procedures or functions in a package with the name begining with those regex. VIEW_AS_TABLE Set which view to export as table. By default none. Value must be a list of view name or regexp separated by space. If the object name is a view and the export type is TABLE, the view will be exported as a create table statement. If export type is COPY or INSERT, the corresponding data will be exported. This was initialy done with the ALLOW (or old TABLES directive) but that was not allow to use both object exclusion and view as table. See chapter "Exporting Oracle views as PostgreSQL tables" for more details. WHERE This directive allow you to specify a WHERE clause filter when dumping the contents of tables. Value is construct as follow: TABLE_NAME[WHERE_CLAUSE], or if you have only one where clause for each table just put the where clause as value. Both are possible too. Here are some examples: # Global where clause applying to all tables included in the export WHERE 1=1 # Apply the where clause only on table TABLE_NAME WHERE TABLE_NAME[ID1='001'] # Applies two different clause on tables TABLE_NAME and OTHER_TABLE # and a generic where clause on DATE_CREATE to all other tables WHERE TABLE_NAME[ID1='001' AND ID1='002] DATE_CREATE > '2001-01-01' OTHER_TABLE[NAME='test'] Any where clause not included into a table name bracket clause will be applied to all exported table including the tables defined in the where clause. These WHERE clauses are very useful if you want to archive some data or at the opposite only export some recent data. TOP_MAX This directive is used to limit the number of item shown in the top N lists like the top list of tables per number of rows and the top list of largest tables in megabytes. By default it is set to 10 items. Modifying object structure One of the great usage of Ora2Pg is its flexibility to replicate Oracle database into PostgreSQL database with a different structure or schema. There's three configuration directives that allow you to map those differences. MODIFY_STRUCT This directive allow you to limit the columns to extract for a given table. The value consist in a space separated list of table name with a set of column between parenthesis as follow: MODIFY_STRUCT NOM_TABLE(nomcol1,nomcol2,...) ... for example: MODIFY_STRUCT T_TEST1(id,dossier) T_TEST2(id,fichier) This will only extract columns 'id' and 'dossier' from table T_TEST1 and columns 'id' and 'fichier' from the T_TEST2 table. REPLACE_TABLES This directive allow you to remap a list of Oracle table name to a PostgreSQL table name during export. The value is a list of space separated values with the following structure: REPLACE_TABLES ORIG_TBNAME1:DEST_TBNAME1 ORIG_TBNAME2:DEST_TBNAME2 Oracle tables ORIG_TBNAME1 and ORIG_TBNAME2 will be respectively renamed into DEST_TBNAME1 and DEST_TBNAME2 REPLACE_COLS Like table name, the name of the column can be remapped to a different name using the following syntaxe: REPLACE_COLS ORIG_TBNAME(ORIG_COLNAME1:NEW_COLNAME1,ORIG_COLNAME2:NEW_COLNAME2) For example: REPLACE_COLS T_TEST(dico:dictionary,dossier:folder) will rename Oracle columns 'dico' and 'dossier' from table T_TEST into new name 'dictionary' and 'folder'. REPLACE_AS_BOOLEAN If you want to change the type of some Oracle columns into PostgreSQL boolean during the export you can define here a list of tables and column separated by space as follow. REPLACE_AS_BOOLEAN TB_NAME1:COL_NAME1 TB_NAME1:COL_NAME2 TB_NAME2:COL_NAME2 The values set in the boolean columns list will be replaced with the 't' and 'f' following the default replacement values and those additionally set in directive BOOLEAN_VALUES. You can also give a type and a precision to automatically convert all fields of that type as a boolean. For example: REPLACE_AS_BOOLEAN NUMBER:1 CHAR:1 TB_NAME1:COL_NAME1 TB_NAME1:COL_NAME2 will also replace any field of type number(1) or char(1) as a boolean in all exported tables. BOOLEAN_VALUES Use this to add additional definition of the possible boolean values used in Oracle fields. You must set a space separated list of TRUE:FALSE values. By default here are the values recognized by Ora2Pg: BOOLEAN_VALUES yes:no y:n 1:0 true:false enabled:disabled Any values defined here will be added to the default list. PostgreSQL Import By default conversion to PostgreSQL format is written to file 'output.sql'. The command: psql mydb < output.sql will import content of file output.sql into PostgreSQL mydb database. DATA_LIMIT When you are performing INSERT/COPY export Ora2Pg proceed by chunks of DATA_LIMIT tuples for speed improvement. Tuples are stored in memory before being written to disk, so if you want speed and have enough system resources you can grow this limit to an upper value for example: 100000 or 1000000. Before release 7.0 a value of 0 mean no limit so that all tuples are stored in memory before being flushed to disk. In 7.x branch this has been remove and chunk will be set to the default: 10000 OUTPUT The Ora2Pg output filename can be changed with this directive. Default value is output.sql. if you set the file name with extension .gz or .bz2 the output will be automatically compressed. This require that the Compress::Zlib Perl module is installed if the filename extension is .gz and that the bzip2 system command is installed for the .bz2 extension. OUTPUT_DIR Since release 7.0, you can define a base directory where wfile will be written. The directory must exists. BZIP2 This directive allow you to specify the full path to the bzip2 program if it can not be found in the PATH environment variable. FILE_PER_CONSTRAINT Allow object constraints to be saved in a separate file during schema export. The file will be named CONSTRAINTS_OUTPUT, where OUTPUT is the value of the corresponding configuration directive. You can use .gz xor .bz2 extension to enable compression. Default is to save all data in the OUTPUT file. This directive is usable only with TABLE export type. FILE_PER_INDEX Allow indexes to be saved in a separate file during schema export. The file will be named INDEXES_OUTPUT, where OUTPUT is the value of the corresponding configuration directive. You can use .gz xor .bz2 file extension to enable compression. Default is to save all data in the OUTPUT file. This directive is usable only with TABLE AND TABLESPACE export type. With the TABLESPACE export, it is used to write "ALTER INDEX ... TABLESPACE ..." into a separate file named TBSP_INDEXES_OUPUT that can be loaded at end of the migration after the indexes creation to move the indexes. FILE_PER_TABLE Allow data export to be saved in one file per table/view. The files will be named as tablename_OUTPUT, where OUTPUT is the value of the corresponding configuration directive. You can still use .gz xor .bz2 extension in the OUTPUT directive to enable compression. Default 0 will save all data in one file, set it to 1 to enable this feature. This is usable only during INSERT or COPY export type. FILE_PER_FUNCTION Allow functions, procedures and triggers to be saved in one file per object. The files will be named as objectname_OUTPUT. Where OUTPUT is the value of the corresponding configuration directive. You can still use .gz xor .bz2 extension in the OUTPUT directive to enable compression. Default 0 will save all in one single file, set it to 1 to enable this feature. This is usable only during the corresponding export type, the package body export has a special behavior. When export type is PACKAGE and you've enabled this directive, Ora2Pg will create a directory per package, named with the lower case name of the package, and will create one file per function/procedure into that directory. If the configuration directive is not enabled, it will create one file per package as packagename_OUTPUT, where OUTPUT is the value of the corresponding directive. TRUNCATE_TABLE If this directive is set to 1, a TRUNCATE TABLE instruction will be add before loading data. This is usable only during INSERT or COPY export type. STOP_ON_ERROR Set this parameter to 0 to not include the call to \set ON_ERROR_STOP ON in all SQL scripts generated by Ora2Pg. By default this order is always present so that the script will immediatly abort when an error is encountered. If you want to import data on the fly to the PostgreSQL database you have three configuration directives to set the PostgreSQL database connection. This is only possible with COPY or INSERT export type as for database schema there's no real interest to do that. PG_DSN Use this directive to set the PostgreSQL data source namespace using DBD::Pg Perl module as follow: dbi:Pg:dbname=pgdb;host=localhost;port=5432 will connect to database 'pgdb' on localhost at tcp port 5432. PG_USER and PG_PWD These two directives are used to set the login user and password. Taking export under control The following other configuration directives interact directly with the export process and give you fine granuality in database export control. SKIP For TABLE export you may not want to export all schema constraints, the SKIP configuration directive allow you to specify a space separated list of constraints that should not be exported. Possible values are: - fkeys: turn off foreign key constraints - pkeys: turn off primary keys - ukeys: turn off unique column constraints - indexes: turn off all other index types - checks: turn off check constraints For example: SKIP indexes,checks will removed indexes ans check constraints from export. PKEY_IN_CREATE Enable this directive if you want to add primary key definition inside the create table statement. If disabled (the default) primary key definition will be add with an alter table statement. Enable it if you are exporting to GreenPlum PostgreSQL database. KEEP_PKEY_NAMES By default names of the primary key in the source Oracle database are ignored and key names are created in the target PostgreSQL database with the PostgreSQL internal default naming rules. If you want to preserve Oracle primary key names set this option to 1. FKEY_DEFERRABLE When exporting tables, Ora2Pg normally exports constraints as they are, if they are non-deferrable they are exported as non-deferrable. However, non-deferrable constraints will probably cause problems when attempting to import data to Pg. The FKEY_DEFERRABLE option set to 1 will cause all foreign key constraints to be exported as deferrable. DEFER_FKEY In addition, when exporting data the DEFER_FKEY option set to 1 will add a command to defer all foreign key constraints during data export. Constraints will then be checked at the end of each transaction. Note that this will works only if foreign keys are deferrable and that all data can stay in a single transaction. DROP_FKEY When this directive is enabled Ora2Pg forces the deletion of all foreign keys before data import and to recreate them at end of the data import. DROP_INDEXES This direction is also introduce since version 7.0 and allow you to gain lot of speed improvement during data import by removing all indexes that are not an automatic index (ex: indexes of primary keys) and recreate them at the end of data import. DISABLE_TRIGGERS This directive is used to disable triggers on all tables in COPY or INSERT export modes. Available values are iO, USER (disable userdefined triggers only) and ALL (includes RI system triggers). Default is 0: do not add SQL statements to disable trigger before data import. If you want to disable triggers during data migration, set the value to USER if your are connected as non superuser and ALL if you are connected as PostgreSQL superuser. A value of 1 is equal to USER. DISABLE_SEQUENCE If set to 1 disables alter of sequences on all tables during COPY or INSERT export mode. This is used to prevent the update of sequence during data migration. Default is 0, alter sequences. NOESCAPE By default all data that are not of type date or time are escaped. If you experience any problem with that you can set it to 1 to disable character escaping during data export. This directive is only used during a COPY export. See STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS for enabling/disabling escape with INSERT statements. STANDARD_CONFORMING_STRINGS This controls whether ordinary string literals ('...') treat backslashes literally, as specified in SQL standard. This was the default before Ora2Pg v8.5 so that all strings was escaped first, now this is currently on, causing Ora2Pg to use the escape string syntax (E'...') if this parameter is not set to 0. This is the exact behavior of the same option in PostgreSQL. This directive is only used during data export to build INSERT statements. See NOESCAPE for enabling/disabling escape in COPY statements. PG_NUMERIC_TYPE If set to 1 replace portable numeric type into PostgreSQL internal type. Oracle data type NUMBER(p,s) is approximatively converted to real and float PostgreSQL data type. If you have monetary fields or don't want rounding issues with the extra decimals you should preserve the same numeric(p,s) PostgreSQL data type. Do that only if you need very good precision because using numeric(p,s) is slower than using real or double. PG_INTEGER_TYPE If set to 1 replace portable numeric type into PostgreSQL internal type. Oracle data type NUMBER(p) or NUMBER are converted to smallint, integer or bigint PostgreSQL data type following the length of the precision. If NUMBER without precision are set to DEFAULT_NUMERIC (see bellow). DEFAULT_NUMERIC NUMBER without precision are converted by default to bigint only if PG_INTEGER_TYPE is true. You can overwrite this value to any PG type, like integer or float. DATA_TYPE If you're experiencing any problem in data type schema conversion with this directive you can take full control of the correspondence between Oracle and PostgreSQL types to redefine data type translation used in Ora2pg. The syntax is a coma separated list of "Oracle datatype:Postgresql datatype". Here are the default list used: DATA_TYPE DATE:timestamp,LONG:text,LONG RAW:bytea,CLOB:text,NCLOB:text,BLOB:bytea,BFILE:bytea,RAW:bytea,ROWID:oid,FLOAT:double precision,DEC:decimal,DECIMAL:decimal,DOUBLE PRECISION:double precision,INT:integer,INTEGER:integer,REAL:real,SMALLINT:smallint,BINARY_FLOAT:double precision,BINARY_DOUBLE:double precision,TIMESTAMP:timestamp,XMLTYPE:xml,BINARY_INTEGER:integer,PLS_INTEGER:integer,TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE:timestamp with time zone,TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE:timestamp with time zone Note that the directive and the list definition must be a single line. There's a special case with BFILE when they are converted to text field, they will contains the path to the external file. If you set the destination type to bytea, the default, Ora2Pg will export the BFILE as bytea. There's no SQL function available to retrieve the path to the BFILE, then Ora2Pg have to create one using the DBMS_LOB package. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ora2pg_get_bfilename( p_bfile IN BFILE ) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS l_dir VARCHAR2(4000); l_fname VARCHAR2(4000); l_path VARCHAR2(4000); BEGIN dbms_lob.FILEGETNAME( p_bfile, l_dir, l_fname ); SELECT directory_path INTO l_path FROM all_directories WHERE directory_name = l_dir; l_dir := rtrim(l_path,'/'); RETURN l_dir || '/' || l_fname; END; This function is only created if Ora2Pg found a table with a BFILE column and the function is dropped at end of the export. This concern COPY and INSERT export type. PRESERVE_CASE If you want to preserve the case of Oracle object name set this directive to 1. By default Ora2Pg will convert all Oracle object names to lower case. I do not recommand to enable this unless you will always have to double-quote object names on all your SQL scripts. ORA_RESERVED_WORDS Allow escaping of column name using Oracle reserved words. Value is a list of coma separated reserved word. Default is audit,comment. USE_RESERVED_WORDS Enable this directive if you have table or column names that are a reserved word for PostgreSQL. Ora2Pg will double quote the name of the object. GEN_USER_PWD Set this directive to 1 to replace default password by a random password for all extracted user during a GRANT export. PG_SUPPORTS_ROLE (Deprecated) This option is deprecated since Ora2Pg release v7.3. By default Oracle roles are translated into PostgreSQL groups. If you have PostgreSQL 8.1 or more consider the use of ROLES and set this directive to 1 to export roles. PG_SUPPORTS_INOUT (Deprecated) This option is deprecated since Ora2Pg release v7.3. If set to 0, all IN, OUT or INOUT parameters will not be used into the generated PostgreSQL function declarations (disable it for PostgreSQL database version lower than 8.1), This is now enable by default. PG_SUPPORTS_DEFAULT This directive enable or disable the use of default parameter value in function export. Until PostgreSQL 8.4 such a default value was not supported, this feature is now enable by default. PG_SUPPORTS_WHEN (Deprecated) Add support to WHEN clause on triggers as PostgreSQL v9.0 now support it. This directive is enabled by default, set it to 0 disable this feature. PG_SUPPORTS_INSTEADOF (Deprecated) Add support to INSTEAD OF usage on triggers (used with PG >= 9.1), if this directive is disabled the INSTEAD OF triggers will be rewritten as Pg rules. LONGREADLEN Use this directive to set the database handle's 'LongReadLen' attribute to a value that will be the larger than the expected size of the LOBs. The default is 1Mb witch may not be enough to extract BLOBs or CLOBs. If the size of the LOB exceeds the 'LongReadLen' DBD::Oracle will return a 'ORA-24345: A Truncation' error. Default: 1023*1024 bytes. Take a look at this page to learn more: http://search.cpan.org/~pythian/DBD-Oracle-1.22/Oracle.pm#Data_Inter face_for_Persistent_LOBs LONGTRUNKOK If you want to bypass the 'ORA-24345: A Truncation' error, set this directive to 1, it will truncate the data extracted to the LongReadLen value. Disable by default so that you will be warned if your LongReadLen value is not high enough. XML_PRETTY Force the use getStringVal() instead of getClobVal() for XML data export. Default is 1, enabled for backward compatibility. Set it to 0 to use extract method a la CLOB. ENABLE_MICROSECOND Set it to O if you want to disable export of millisecond from Oracle timestamp columns. By default milliseconds are exported with the use of following format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF' Disabling will force the use of the following Oracle format: to_char(..., 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') By default milliseconds are exported. DISABLE_COMMENT Set this to 1 if you don't want to export comment associated to tables and columns definition. Default is enabled. Special options to handle character encoding NLS_LANG By default Oracle character set is automatically detected, but if you experience any issues where mutibyte characters are being substituted with some replacement characters during the export try to set the NLS_LANG configuration directive to the Oracle encoding. This may help a lot especially with UTF8 encoding. For example: NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 This will set $ENV{NLS_LANG} to the given value. BINMODE If you experience the Perl warning: "Wide character in print", it means that you tried to write a Unicode string to a non-unicode file handle. You can force Perl to use binary mode for output by setting the BINMODE configuration option to the specified encoding. If you set it to 'utf8', it will force printing like this: binmode OUTFH, ":utf8"; By default Ora2Pg opens the output file in 'raw' binary mode. CLIENT_ENCODING By default PostgreSQL client encoding is automatically detected and set to avoid encoding issue. If you want to defined your own or if you experience some ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe87472 when loading data you may want to set the encoding of the PostgreSQL client. For example, let's say you have an Oracle database with all data encoded in FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P15, your system use fr_FR.UTF-8 as console encoding and your PostgreSQL database is encoded in UTF8. What you have to do is set the NLS_LANG to FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P15 and the CLIENT_ENCODING to LATIN9. You can take a look at the PostgreSQL supported character sets here: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/static/multibyte.html PLSQL to PLPSQL convertion Automatic code convertion from Oracle PLSQL to PostgreSQL PLPGSQL is a work in progress in Ora2Pg and surely you will always have manual work. The Perl code used for automatic conversion is all stored in a specific Perl Module named Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm feel free to modify/add you own code and send me patches. The main work in on function, procedure, package and package body headers and parameters rewrite. PLSQL_PGSQL Enable/disable PLSQL to PLPSQL convertion. Enabled by default since 8.x. ALLOW_CODE_BREAK This directive is use to enable/disable the plsql to pgplsql conversion part that could break the original code if they include complex subqueries. Default is enabled, you must disabled if to preserve backward compatibility. This concern the following replacement: decode(), substr() For example code like this: substr(decode("db_status",'active',"dbname",null),1,128) can easily be replaced by the PostgreSQL equivalent: substring((CASE WHEN "db_status"='active' THEN "dbname" ELSE NULL END) from 1 for 128)) The problem could comes when you introduce subquery into one of the substr() or decode() parameter. For example the replacement of substr(decode("db_status",(select status from dbcluster where lbl=substr("dbname",1,3)),"dbname",null),1,128) will break the code. You can still compare to the original Oracle code and solve the problem, but if you want you can disable this unsecure replacement. NULL_EQUAL_EMPTY By default Ora2Pg will replace all conditions with a test on NULL by a call to the coalesce() function to mimic the Oracle behavior where empty string are considered equal to NULL. (field1 IS NULL) is replaced by (coalesce(field1::text, '') = '') (field2 IS NOT NULL) is replaced by (field2 IS NOT NULL AND field2::text <> '') Default is replacement to be sure that your application will have se same behavior. Materialized view For now Ora2Pg will export all materialized views as "Snapshot Materialized Views" as explain in this document: http://tech.jonathangardner.net/wiki/PostgreSQL/Materialized_Views. When exporting materialized view Ora2Pg will first add the SQL code to create the "materialized_views" table: CREATE TABLE materialized_views ( mview_name text NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, view_name text NOT NULL, iname text, last_refresh TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE ); all materialized views will have an entry in this table. It then adds the plpgsql code to create tree functions: create_materialized_view(text, text, text) used to create a materialized view drop_materialized_view(text) used to delete a materialized view refresh_full_materialized_view(text) used to refresh a view then it adds the SQL code to create the view and the materialized view: CREATE VIEW mviewname_mview AS SELECT ... FROM ...; SELECT create_materialized_view('mviewname','mviewname_mview', change with the name of the colum to used for the index); The first argument is the name of the materializd view, the second the name of the view on which the materialized view is based and the third is the column name on which the index should be build (aka most od the time the primary key). This column is not automatically deduced so you need to repace its name. As said above Ora2Pg only supports snapshot materialized views so the table will be entirely refreshed by issuing first a truncate of the table and then by load again all data from the view: refresh_full_materialized_view('mviewname'); To drop the materialized view you just have to call the drop_materialized_view() function with the name of the materialized view as parameter. Other configuration directives DEBUG Set it to 1 will enable verbose output. IMPORT You can define common Ora2Pg configuration directives into a single file that can be imported into other configuration files with the IMPORT configuration directive as follow: IMPORT commonfile.conf will import all configuration directives defined into commonfile.conf into the current configuration file. Exporting Oracle views as PostgreSQL tables You can export any Oracle view as a PostgreSQL table simply by setting TYPE configuration option to TABLE to have the corresponding create table statement. Or use type COPY or INSERT to export the corresponding data. To allow that you have to specify your views in the VIEW_AS_TABLE configuration option. Then if Ora2Pg finds the view it will extract its schema (if TYPE=TABLE) into a PG create table form, then it will extract the data (if TYPE=COPY or INSERT) following the view schema. You can use the ALLOW and EXCLUDE directive in addition to select the others objects to export. Export as Kettle transformation XML files The KETTLE export type is useful if you want to use Penthalo Data Integrator (Kettle) to import data to PostgreSQL. With this type of export Ora2Pg will generate one XML Kettle transformation files (.ktr) per table and add a line to manually execute the transformation in the output.sql file. For example: ora2pg -c ora2pg.conf -t KETTLE -j 12 -a MYTABLE -o load_mydata.sh will generate one file called 'HR.MYTABLE.ktr' and add a line to the output file (load_mydata.sh): #!/bin/sh KETTLE_TEMPLATE_PATH='.' JAVAMAXMEM=4096 ./pan.sh -file $KETTLE_TEMPLATE_PATH/HR.MYTABLE.ktr -level Detailed The -j 12 option will create a template with 12 processes to insert data into PostgreSQL. It is also possible to specify the number of parallel queries used to extract data from the Oracle with the -J command line option as follow: ora2pg -c ora2pg.conf -t KETTLE -J 4 -j 12 -a EMPLOYEES -o load_mydata.sh This is only possible if you have defined the technical key to used to split the query between cores in the DEFINED_PKEY configuration directive. For example: DEFINED_PK EMPLOYEES:employee_id will force the number of Oracle connection copies to 4 and defined the SQL query as follow in the Kettle XML transformation file: <sql>SELECT * FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE MOD(employee_id,${Internal.Step.Unique.Count})=${Internal.Step.Unique.Number}</sql> The KETTLE export type requires that the Oracle and PostgreSQL DSN are defined. You can also activate the TRUNCATE_TABLE directive to force a truncation of the table before data import. The KETTLE export type is an original work of Marc Cousin. Migration cost assessment Estimating the cost of a migration process from Oracle to PostgreSQL is not easy. To obtain a good assessment of this migration cost, Ora2Pg will inspect all database objects, all functions and stored procedures to detect if there's still some objects and PL/SQL code that can not be automatically converted by Ora2Pg. Ora2Pg has a content analysis mode that inspect the Oracle database to generate a text report on what the Oracle database contains and what can not be exported. To activate the "analysis and report" mode, you have to use the export de type SHOW_REPORT like in the following command: ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT Here is a sample report obtained with this command: -------------------------------------- Ora2Pg: Oracle Database Content Report -------------------------------------- Version Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 Schema HR Size 880.00 MB -------------------------------------- Object Number Invalid Comments -------------------------------------- CLUSTER 2 0 Clusters are not supported and will not be exported. FUNCTION 40 0 Total size of function code: 81992. INDEX 435 0 232 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. 1 bitmap index(es). 230 b-tree index(es). 1 reversed b-tree index(es) Note that bitmap index(es) will be exported as b-tree index(es) if any. Cluster, domain, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. You may also use 'varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops' or 'bpchar_pattern_ops' operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns. MATERIALIZED VIEW 1 0 All materialized view will be exported as snapshot materialized views, they are only updated when fully refreshed. PACKAGE BODY 2 1 Total size of package code: 20700. PROCEDURE 7 0 Total size of procedure code: 19198. SEQUENCE 160 0 Sequences are fully supported, but all call to sequence_name.NEXTVAL or sequence_name.CURRVAL will be transformed into NEXTVAL('sequence_name') or CURRVAL('sequence_name'). TABLE 265 0 1 external table(s) will be exported as standard table. See EXTERNAL_TO_FDW configuration directive to export as file_fdw foreign tables or use COPY in your code if you just want to load data from external files. 2 binary columns. 4 unknow types. TABLE PARTITION 8 0 Partitions are exported using table inheritance and check constraint. 1 HASH partitions. 2 LIST partitions. 6 RANGE partitions. Note that Hash partitions are not supported. TRIGGER 30 0 Total size of trigger code: 21677. TYPE 7 1 5 type(s) are concerned by the export, others are not supported. 2 Nested Tables. 2 Object type. 1 Subtype. 1 Type Boby. 1 Type inherited. 1 Varrays. Note that Type inherited and Subtype are converted as table, type inheritance is not supported. TYPE BODY 0 3 Export of type with member method are not supported, they will not be exported. VIEW 7 0 Views are fully supported, but if you have updatable views you will need to use INSTEAD OF triggers. DATABASE LINK 1 0 Database links will not be exported. You may try the dblink perl contrib module or use the SQL/MED PostgreSQL features with the different Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extentions. Note: Invalid code will not be exported unless the EXPORT_INVALID configuration directive is activated. Once the database can be analysed, Ora2Pg, by his ability to convert SQL and PL/SQL code from Oracle syntax to PostgreSQL, can go further by estimating the code difficulties and estimate the time necessary to operate a full database migration. To estimate the migration cost in man-days, Ora2Pg allow you to use a configuration directive called ESTIMATE_COST that you can also enabled at command line: --estimate_cost This feature can only be used with the SHOW_REPORT, FUNCTION, PROCEDURE, PACKAGE and QUERY export type. ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT --estimate_cost The generated report is same as above but with a new 'Estimated cost' column as follow: -------------------------------------- Ora2Pg: Oracle Database Content Report -------------------------------------- Version Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 Schema HR Size 890.00 MB -------------------------------------- Object Number Invalid Estimated cost Comments -------------------------------------- FUNCTION 2 0 7 Total size of function code: 369 bytes. HIGH_SALARY: 2, VALIDATE_SSN: 3. INDEX 21 0 11 11 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. 11 b-tree index(es). Note that bitmap index(es) will be exported as b-tree index(es) if any. Cluster, domain, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. You may also use 'varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops' or 'bpchar_pattern_ops' operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns. MATERIALIZED VIEW 1 0 3 All materialized view will be exported as snapshot materialized views, they are only updated when fully refreshed. PACKAGE BODY 0 2 54 Total size of package code: 2487 bytes. Number of procedures and functions found inside those packages: 7. two_proc.get_table: 10, emp_mgmt.create_dept: 4, emp_mgmt.hire: 13, emp_mgmt.increase_comm: 4, emp_mgmt.increase_sal: 4, emp_mgmt.remove_dept: 3, emp_mgmt.remove_emp: 2. PROCEDURE 4 0 39 Total size of procedure code: 2436 bytes. TEST_COMMENTAIRE: 2, SECURE_DML: 3, PHD_GET_TABLE: 24, ADD_JOB_HISTORY: 6. SEQUENCE 3 0 0 Sequences are fully supported, but all call to sequence_name.NEXTVAL or sequence_name.CURRVAL will be transformed into NEXTVAL('sequence_name') or CURRVAL('sequence_name'). TABLE 17 0 8.5 1 external table(s) will be exported as standard table. See EXTERNAL_TO_FDW configuration directive to export as file_fdw foreign tables or use COPY in your code if you just want to load data from external files. 2 binary columns. 4 unknow types. TRIGGER 1 1 4 Total size of trigger code: 123 bytes. UPDATE_JOB_HISTORY: 2. TYPE 7 1 5 5 type(s) are concerned by the export, others are not supported. 2 Nested Tables. 2 Object type. 1 Subtype. 1 Type Boby. 1 Type inherited. 1 Varrays. Note that Type inherited and Subtype are converted as table, type inheritance is not supported. TYPE BODY 0 3 30 Export of type with member method are not supported, they will not be exported. VIEW 1 1 1 Views are fully supported, but if you have updatable views you will need to use INSTEAD OF triggers. DATABASE LINK 0 0 0 Database links will not be exported. You may try the dblink perl contrib module or use the SQL/MED PostgreSQL features with the different Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extentions. JOB 0 0 0 Job are not exported. You may set external cron job with them. -------------------------------------- Total 65 8 162.5 162.5 cost migration units means approximatively 2 man day(s). The last line shows the total estimated migration code in man-days following the number of migration units estimated for each object. This migration unit represent around five minutes for a PostgreSQL expert. If this is your first migration you can get it higher with the configuration directive COST_UNIT_VALUE or the --cost_unit_value command line option: ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT --estimate_cost --cost_unit_value 10 Migration assessment method Migration unit scores given to each type of Oracle database object are defined in the Perl library lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm in the %OBJECT_SCORE variable definition. The number of PL/SQL lines associated to a migration unit is also defined in this file in the $SIZE_SCORE variable value. The number of migration units associated to each PL/SQL code difficulties can be found in the same Perl library lib/Ora2Pg/PLSQL.pm in the hash %UNCOVERED_SCORE initialization. This assessment method is a work in progress so I'm expecting feedbacks on migration experiences to polish the scores/units attribued in those variables. SUPPORT Author / Maintainer Gilles Darold <gilles AT darold DOT net> Please report any bugs, patches, help, etc. to <gilles AT darold DOT net>. Feature request If you need new features let me know at <gilles AT darold DOT net>. This help a lot to develop a better/useful tool. How to contribute ? Any contribution to build a better tool is welcome, you just have to send me your ideas, features request or patches and there will be applied. LICENSE Copyright (c) 2000-2013 Gilles Darold - All rights reserved. This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see < http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ >. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I must thanks a lot all the great contributors: Guillaume Lelarge Stephane Schildknecht Jean-Paul Argudo Jan Kester Paolo Mattioli Mike Wilhelm-hiltz Jefferson Medeiros Ian Boston Thomas Wegner Andreas Haumer Marco Lombardo Adam Sah and Zedo Inc Antonios Christofide and National Technical University of Athens Josian Larcheveque Stephane Silly David Cotter - Alatto Technologies Ltd Wojciech Szenajch Richard Chen Sergio Freire Matt Miller Rene Bentzen Schnabl Andrea Ugo Brunel - Bull Bernd Helmle - credativ GmbH Peter Eisentraut Marc Cousin Daniel Scott Luca DallOlio Ali Pouya Olivier Mazain Brendan Richards Andrea Agosti Reto Buchli (WSL IT) Leonardo Cezar Herve Girres Daniel Scott Alexander Korotkov Philippe Rimbault Sam Nelson Krasi Zlatev Henk Enting Magnus Hagander David Fetter Mohamed Gargouri Rodrigo Stephan Hilb David Greco Steve DeLong Dominique Legendre - BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres) Siva Janamanchi Thomas Ogrisegg with very specials thanks to Dominique Legendre for his help on testing and retesting all Ora2pg features and suggesting numerous improvements. About the migration cost assessment part, I want to thanks Philippe Lang - Service Delivery Manager, Atos - for the complete review of the french documentation and the global project management. All my recognition goes to the French DGFiP (Direction Generale des Finances Publiques) who asked for that great Ora2Pg improvement and of course Dalibo who offer me the opportunity to work on this project and PostgreSQL in general. And all others who help me to build a useful and reliable product: Jason Servetar Jean-Francois Ripouteau Octavi Fors Adriano Bonat Thomas Reiss Bozkurt Erkut from SONY Igor MII Julian Moreno Patino - Debian Maintainer Mathieu Wingel Mindy Markowitz Jehan Guillaume de Rorthais Aaron Culich Sriram Chandrasekaran Patrick King Jenny Palomino Sebastian Fischer Dominique Fourdrinoy Ludovic Penet Alex Delianis Pierre-Marie Petit Jean Marc Yao Adingra Prabhat Tripathi Bruce (kithril) ...