The ZKIT blockchain is designed to enhance efficiency, scalability, and security using the principles of the Panopticon theory. By integrating Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and recursive compression techniques, the ZKIT blockchain aims to optimize data storage and verification processes. This framework leverages a decentralized system of inscription oracles (ZKIO) and sentry devices (ZKSD) to maintain a secure and scalable blockchain.
- Functionality: Acts as an independent decentralized agent that uses the Panopticon theory to achieve massive reductions in needed compute resources while providing security oversight and provable algorithmic consensus.
- Purpose: Ensures the integrity and security of the blockchain by verifying transactions and compressing data.
- Functionality: Units of reward issued to ZKSDs upon successful verification checks by ZKIO.
- Purpose: Incentivizes ZKSD participation and maintains the integrity of the blockchain.
- Functionality: Operates as a hybrid masternode and worker agent (mining). Each ZKSD holds a secure, encrypted vault storing copies of uncompressed data and hash flags corresponding to compressed hash inscription IDs.
- Purpose: Ensures data redundancy and security, and participates in the verification and mining process.
- Functionality: Contains core processing services that enable the blockchain to function. This includes ingesting, compressing, pinning, and flagging data.
- Purpose: Manages the overall data processing and blockchain maintenance, ensuring efficient data compression and storage.
- Data Ingestion: Data is recursively ingested and compressed to produce an inscription hash.
- Hash Generation: Generates a unique inscription hash for each piece of compressed data.
- Batching Mechanism: Compressed hashes are collected over a defined period or until a threshold is reached.
- Bulk Inscription: The collected batch is inscribed onto the blockchain in a single transaction, creating a bulk inscription.
- Verification by ZKIO: ZKIO verifies the integrity of data and transactions.
- Reward Issuance: ZKSDs that participate in the mining process and successfully verify data are rewarded with $ZKIO tokens.
- Encrypted Storage: ZKSDs store encrypted copies of uncompressed data and corresponding hash flags.
- Data Retrieval: The bulk inscription serves as a reference point. When needed, data can be un-nested to reveal the original inscription hashes and associated data.
- Each transaction generates a unique inscription hash.
- Inscription hashes undergo recursive compression, producing a smaller hash.
- Compressed hashes are collected until a threshold is reached or a defined period elapses.
- The collected batch of compressed hashes is inscribed onto the blockchain in a single transaction.
- ZKIO verifies the bulk inscription.
- ZKSDs that contribute to the batch are rewarded with $ZKIO tokens.
- The bulk inscription acts as a reference point for data retrieval.
- Data can be un-nested to access the original inscription hashes and associated data.
- Scalability: Recursive compression significantly reduces data size, enhancing scalability.
- Security: Decentralized verification and encrypted storage ensure data integrity and security.
- Efficiency: Bulk inscription reduces the number of transactions, optimizing storage and processing.
- Enhanced Data Storage: Efficiently compress and store blockchain data.
- Optimized Transaction Processing: Reduce transaction load through bulk inscription.
- Encrypted Storage: Ensure secure storage of sensitive data.
- Data Redundancy: Maintain data integrity through decentralized storage.
- Reward Mechanism: Encourage participation and maintain blockchain integrity through $ZKIO rewards.
use halo2_proofs::{
arithmetic::{FieldExt, Field},
circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner, Value},
plonk::{create_proof, keygen_pk, keygen_vk, verify_proof, Circuit, ConstraintSystem, Error, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey, Selector, Advice},
poly::{commitment::{Params, ParamsProver}, EvaluationDomain, Polynomial},
transcript::{ChallengeScalar, EncodedChallenge, Transcript},
};
use halo2_proofs::pasta::Fp;
use rand::rngs::OsRng;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct CompressedData {
data: Vec<Fp>,
}
impl CompressedData {
fn new(data: Vec<Fp>) -> Self {
Self { data }
}
}
// Function to ingest and compress data using polynomial operations
fn ingest_and_compress(data: Vec<u8>) -> CompressedData {
// Convert data to field elements (Fp)
let data_fp: Vec<Fp> = data.iter().map(|&x| Fp::from(x as u64)).collect();
// Create a polynomial from the data
let poly = Polynomial::from_vec(data_fp.clone());
// "Compress" the polynomial
let compressed_data = poly.to_vec();
CompressedData::new(compressed_data)
}
// ExampleCircuit structure
struct ExampleCircuit<F: FieldExt> {
pub data: Vec<F>,
_marker: PhantomData<F>,
}
impl<F: FieldExt> Circuit<F> for ExampleCircuit<F> {
type Config = ExampleConfig;
type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
Self {
data: vec![],
_marker: PhantomData,
}
}
fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<F>) -> Self::Config {
let input = meta.advice_column();
let s = meta.selector();
meta.create_gate("data processing", |v_cells| {
let input_exp = v_cells.query_advice(input, Rotation::cur());
let s = v_cells.query_selector(s);
vec![s * input_exp]
});
ExampleConfig {
input,
s,
}
}
fn synthesize(
&self,
config: Self::Config,
mut layouter: impl Layouter<F>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
layouter.assign_region(
|| "data processing",
|mut region| {
config.s.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
for (idx, &value) in self.data.iter().enumerate() {
region.assign_advice(|| "input", config.input, idx, || Value::known(value))?;
}
Ok(())
},
)?;
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct ExampleConfig {
input: Column<Advice>,
s: Selector,
}
// ZKIT structure
struct ZKIT {
storage: Mutex<Vec<CompressedData>>,
zkio_counter: Mutex<u64>,
params: Params<Fp>,
vk: Option<VerifyingKey<Fp>>,
pk: Option<ProvingKey<Fp>>,
}
impl ZKIT {
fn new(params: Params<Fp>) -> Self {
Self {
storage: Mutex::new(vec![]),
zkio_counter: Mutex::new(0),
params,
vk: None,
pk: None,
}
}
fn setup_keys(&mut self, circuit: &impl Circuit<Fp>) -> Result<(), Error> {
let vk = keygen_vk(&self.params, circuit)?;
let pk = keygen_pk(&self.params, vk.clone(), circuit)?;
self.vk = Some(vk);
self.pk = Some(pk);
Ok(())
}
fn batch_and_inscribe(&self, data: Vec<u8>) {
let compressed_data = ingest_and_compress(data);
let mut storage = self.storage.lock().unwrap();
storage.push(compressed_data);
let mut zkio_counter = self.zkio_counter.lock().unwrap();
*zkio_counter += 1;
}
fn create_proof(&self, circuit: &impl Circuit<Fp>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
let pk = self.pk.as_ref().expect("ProvingKey not set up");
let mut transcript = Vec::new();
create_proof(
&self.params,
pk,
&[circuit],
&[&[]],
OsRng,
&mut transcript,
)?;
Ok(transcript)
}
fn verify_proof(&self, proof: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, Error> {
let vk = self.vk.as_ref().expect("VerifyingKey not set up");
let mut transcript = proof.to_vec();
verify_proof(&self.params, vk, &[&[]], &mut transcript)?;
Ok(true)
}
fn retrieve_data(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
let storage = self.storage.lock().unwrap();
storage.get(index).map(|d| d.data.iter().map(|&fp| fp.get_lower_32() as u8).collect())
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let params: Params<Fp> = Params::new(1 << 8);
let mut zkit = ZKIT::new(params);
// Setup keys with an example circuit
let example_circuit = ExampleCircuit {
data: vec![Fp::from(1), Fp::from(2), Fp::from(3)],
_marker: PhantomData,
};
zkit.setup_keys(&example_circuit)?;
// Example data ingestion and processing
let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
zkit.batch_and_inscribe(data.clone());
// Create proof
let proof = zkit.create_proof(&example_circuit)?;
println!("Proof created successfully.");
// Verify proof
if zkit.verify_proof(&proof)? {
println!("Proof verified successfully.");
} else {
println!("Proof verification failed.");
}
// Example data retrieval
if let Some(retrieved_data) = zkit.retrieve_data(0) {
println!("Retrieved data: {:?}", retrieved_data);
}
Ok(())
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_ingest_and_retrieve() {
let params: Params<Fp> = Params::new(1 << 8);
let zkit = ZKIT::new(params);
let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
zkit.batch_and_inscribe(data.clone());
assert_eq!(zkit.retrieve_data(0), Some(data));
}
#[test]
fn test_proof_creation_and_verification() {
let params: Params<Fp> = Params::new(1 << 8);
let mut zkit = ZKIT::new(params);
let example_circuit = ExampleCircuit {
data: vec![Fp::from(1), Fp::from(2), Fp::from(3)],
_marker: PhantomData,
};
zkit.setup_keys(&example_circuit).unwrap();
let proof = zkit.create_proof(&example_circuit).unwrap();
assert!(zkit.verify_proof(&proof).unwrap());
}
}