LibSampling is a python-based library of sampling methods for 2D scatterplots, which includes:
- random sampling
- density biased sampling [1]
- blue noise sampling [2]
- farthest point sampling [3]
- non-uniform sampling [4]
- Z-order sampling [5]
- SVD based sampling [6]
- hashmap based sampling [7]
- outlier biased random sampling [8]
- outlier biased blue noise sampling [9]
- outlier biased density based sampling [9]
- multi-class blue noise sampling [10]
- multi-view Z-order sampling [5]
- recursive subdivision based sampling [11]
Our goal is to facilitate the use of the popular sampling methods in visualization, graphics, and data mining. LibSampling provides a simple python interface where users can easily apply an appropriate sampling method to their data. The characteristics of the sampling methods and the evaluation results of our study are listed as follows:
- cffi==1.11.2
- scipy==1.0.0
- numpy==1.13.3+mkl
- Flask==0.10.1
- Werkzeug==0.14.1
- matplotlib==2.1.1
- scikit_learn==0.19.1
The current release (Version 1.0, April 2020) of LibSampling can be obtained by directly cloning this repository.
Below is the example code to call a sampling method, where n and m are the sizes of the input and output data (sampling result), respectively.
from sampling.Sampler import *
from sampling.SamplingMethods import *
sampler = Sampler() # Initialize the Sampler object
sampler.set_data(data, labels)
# data: an (n*2) numpy array indicating the point coordinates
# labels: an (n*1) numpy array indicating the class labels with intergers 0, 1, 2, ...
# or None if you use single-class sampling methods
sampler.set_sampling_method(RandomSampling, sampling_rate=0.5)
indices = sampler.get_samples_idx()
# indices: an (m*1) numpy array indicating the indices of the sampling result
sampled_data, sampled_labels = sampler.get_samples()
# sampled_data: an (m*2) numpy array indicating the sampled point coordinates
# sampled_labels: an (m*2) numpy array indicating the class labels of the sampled pointsA more complete example of how to use LibSampling is provided in example_sampling.py :
import numpy as np
from sampling.Sampler import *
from sampling.SamplingMethods import *
print("run Sampler.py")
# Simple synthetic data
points = np.random.random((10000, 2)) # Generated data, the input data should be a numpy array with the shape (n, 2)
categories = np.random.randint(0, 10, 10000) # Generated label, multi-class sampling method would consider the label information as an reason to select or not select an item. It would be a np.zeros(n) as default.
# Datasets used in our study
all_data = np.load(os.path.join('data', 'abalone.npz'))
points, categories = all_data['positions'], all_data['labels']
print(points.shape, categories.shape)
sampler = Sampler()
sampler.set_data(points, categories) # For single-class sampling methods like random sampling, categories is not needed to be provided
sampling_method = RandomSampling # You can choose your desired sampling method.
rs_args = {
'sampling_rate': 0.3 # You can set the sampling ratio and other specific params for different sampling methods here.
}
sampler.set_sampling_method(sampling_method, **rs_args) # Set Random Sampling for the sampler with necessary params
sampled_point, sampled_category = sampler.get_samples() # Get the sampling result
print("Random sampling result:")
print(sampled_point, sampled_category)
sampling_method = OutlierBiasedRandomSampling
outlier_score = np.sum(np.abs(points - 0.5), axis=1)
obrs_args = {
'sampling_rate': 0.5, # You can set the specific params for different sampling methods here, e.g., sampling rate
'outlier_score': outlier_score # The default outlier_score will be determined by the class purity if you do not pass your own outlier_score to outlier biased sampling methods
}
sampler.set_sampling_method(sampling_method, **obrs_args) # Set Outlier Biased Random Sampling for the sampler with necessary params
sampled_point, sampled_category = sampler.get_samples() # Get the sampling result
print("Outlier biased random sampling result:")
print(sampled_point, sampled_category)
sampling_method = RecursiveSubdivisionBasedSampling
rsbs_args = { # This sampling method do not need sampling rate as input
'canvas_width': 1600,
'canvas_height': 900,
'grid_width': 20,
'threshold': 0.02,
'occupied_space_ratio': 0.02,
'backtracking_depth': 4
}
sampler.set_sampling_method(sampling_method, **rsbs_args)
sampled_point, sampled_category = sampler.get_samples() # Get the sampling result
print("Recursive subdivision based sampling result:")
print(sampled_point, sampled_category)The folder data contains the datasets in the npz format used in our study.
Direct link: https://github.com/thu-vis/libsampling/tree/master/data
You can obtain them by unzipping the npz file:
# Datasets used in our study
all_data = np.load(os.path.join('data', 'abalone.npz'))
points, categories = all_data['positions'], all_data['labels']As most of them are high-dimensional datasets, we transform them into 2D data using t-SNE and normalize them to [0, 1] × [0, 1]. The basic information of these datasets is as follows:
| name | size | class |
|---|---|---|
| Swiss Roll 2D [12] | 8000 | 4 |
| Condition Based Maintenance [13] | 10000 | 9 |
| Crowdsourced Mapping [14] | 10845 | 6 |
| Swiss Roll 3D [12] | 10000 | 4 |
| MNIST [15] | 70000 | 10 |
| Clothes [9] | 26589 | 10 |
| Epileptic Seizure [16] | 11500 | 4 |
| Abalone [17] | 4177 | 3 |
The projection results of the full datasets are shown in the following figure, where colors encode classes.
The folder trial data contains the trial data of our evaluation.
You can obtain our analysis results by directly run process.py.
Please cite our work as:
@article{Yuan2021Evaluation,
author={J. Yuan and S. Xiang and J. Xia and L. Yu and S. Liu},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
title={Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Scatterplots},
year={2021},
volume={27},
number={1},
pages={1--1}
}
J. Yuan, S. Xiang, J. Xia, L. Yu, and S. Liu. Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Scatterplots. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 27(2):1720–1730, 2021.
The lib sampling/RSBS.dll for Recursive subdivision based sampling is derived from the source code at the homepage of [11]. (Link: https://github.com/Ideas-Laboratory/RecursiveSubdivision-basedSampling)
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