Mac OSX Manual Environment Set Up

Introduction

This Readme is a step-by-step guide for how to set up your local environment on a Mac. Please note that these instructions will not work for non-Mac users. If you're on a Windows 10 machine, see the Windows Subsystem for Linux setup instructions. If you're on an older Windows machine, refer to the Setting up Linux Virtual Box instructions.

The following instructions are for macOS Catalina. If you are not on Catalina but can upgrade, we recommend doing so after following the instructions below. Additional instructions are included in the steps below for non-Catalina users.

You can check your OS version by clicking the apple menu in the top left and clicking 'About This Mac'.

When to Move to a Local Environment

For online students, you should switch to a local environment after your Ruby CLI project, or sooner if recommended by an instructor.

For in-person students, you should move to a local environment at the end of Prework, before you start on campus.

Step 0

First, if you've downloaded the Learn IDE, you will need to uninstall it. For detailed instructions on how to properly uninstall the IDE, please read this Help Center article.

Step By Step Instructions for Manual Installation

ALERT - For New M1 Mac Laptops ONLY

If you are using a Mac laptop with the new M1 chip (released in late 2020), there is an additional step required for some tools to install correctly. This step involves creating a copy of your laptop's Terminal application and enabling it to work with tools that aren't yet compatible with the M1 chip. Check out this link and follow the steps provided before continuing.

Install Xcode Command Line Tools

Open up your terminal. You can do this by going to Applications > Utilities > Terminal, or by using the quick launch (cmd + space) and just start typing “Terminal”.

The first tools we're going to install are the Xcode command-line tools. Xcode is a suite of development tools from Apple, including tools for building Mac and iPhone applications. For this course, we only need the Xcode command-line tools, as many other tools rely on them. Run the following to install them:

xcode-select --install

You will be prompted to install Xcode Command-Line Tools. Agree and allow the install to continue. You may need to provide your computer's password.

Important: If the Xcode Command-Line Tools aren't installed, you may encounter errors later on when working with gems like sqlite3. To double check that everything is installed, rerun the xcode-select --install command. If everything is installed, you should see this error:
xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates
If you receive this error, you are good to continue!

If you have recently updated your OS to Catalina 10.15.2 or are on BigSur, you may encounter some errors related to XCode while intsalling Ruby and/or running Node. While working through this set up, follow any debugging instructions provided, but if those do not work, check out the instructions here to make sure the Xcode Command-Line Tools are configured correctly on the new system

Install Homebrew

Homebrew is a package manager for the Mac. It allows us to install a number of things we will need. To install Homebrew, run the following:

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

Note: this is all one line in the terminal (even if it is broken up into two lines here in your browser).

You can verify that Homebrew is successfully installed by running brew help. If your terminal outputs a list of brew commands, you're all set.

Install Zsh

Zsh is the new standard shell for the macOS. To see if you're already using Zsh, run the following:

echo $SHELL

If the terminal outputs /bin/zsh, Zsh is already installed. If something else was output (like /bin/bash), run the following commands:

brew install zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh

This will install Zsh and set it as the default shell.

Close your terminal and reopen. If you rerun echo $SHELL, the terminal should output /bin/zsh.

Install the GMP and GnuPG Packages

Before continuing further, we need to install some libraries that other tools rely on, GMP and GnuPG:

brew install gmp
brew install gnupg

Note: If you get this error: Warning: gnupg-1.4.19 already installed, GnuPG is installed, but it may not be linked properly. To fix, run:
brew link gnupg

Install RVM

RVM is a tool that lets you run different versions of Ruby on your computer. If one project you're working on works with Ruby version 2.3.3 and another needs 2.6.1, you can easily switch between the two versions when you switch between projects.

The following command downloads encryption keys we need to install RVM:

gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB

Note: If that command does not work, or you receive an error stating keyserver receive failed: No route to host, try running the following commands:
command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | gpg --import -
command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/pkuczynski.asc | gpg --import -

Once the encryption keys are downloaded, use the following command to download RVM:

curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash

When RVM is installed, run rvm reload or close and reopen your terminal to make sure RVM is fully loaded. Next, we will install the Ruby version we'll be using and set it as the default:

rvm install 2.6.1
rvm use 2.6.1 --default

To check that everything worked, run rvm list. You should see =* ruby-2.6.1 listed, indicating that 2.6.1 is installed and set as the default version for Ruby. You can also run ruby -v, which should show that Ruby 2.6.1 is the current version of Ruby being used.

Before continuing, close and reopen your terminal and run rvm list one more time to make sure everything is working.

Note: If you see an error or warning when running rvm list, we recommend following the troubleshooting steps at the end of this lesson before continuing.

Remember, if you're on a newer version of the macOS or on an M1 machine, you may need to do some additional set up for Xcode before RVM/Ruby will install correctly. Check out this resource for instructions

Install Some Ruby Gems

Ruby gems are pre-written, stand-alone, chunks of code that have been made easily accessible to you. We'll use a lot of them soon, but for now, we should get a few important ones.

First, let's update our system gems by running gem update --system
Next, install the Learn gem. Do this by running gem install learn-co. This gem gives us access to learn and learn submit commands for labs.
Install the Bundler gem with gem install bundler. This gem takes care of installing other gems you will need for projects.
Install Nokogiri with gem install nokogiri - Nokogiri is a gem to help parse HTML - useful when we want to scrape websites. If you encounter any errors while installing it, check out the Nokogiri support docs for Mac OSX.
Install Pry with gem install pry. You may have already used Pry during the Prework while using the in-browser IDE. Installing Pry here will make it available for projects in your local environment.
Install Ruby on Rails with gem install rails - Rails is used for building out full web applications. We will learn much more about Rails soon.

Before continuing, check to make sure the learn-co gem was properly installed. Run learn in the terminal. If you're in your home directory (cd ~), running learn should produce the following message:

You don't appear to be in a Learn lesson's directory. Please cd to an appropriate directory and try again.

If you receive an error message, try reinstalling with gem install learn-co again, close and reopen the terminal and try the learn command a second time.

Install Git

Git generally comes pre-installed with most operating systems, but you can check by running git version in the terminal. If this gives you an error or does not come back with a version number, you'll need to install Git. you can get it using Homebrew:

brew install git

Set Up the Learn gem

Now we need to set up the Learn gem. Type the following into your terminal:

learn whoami

This will prompt you to set up the Learn gem using a token provided on learn.co.

If you have connected your Github account to your Learn account, navigate to learn.co/your_github_username. The OAuth token is at the bottom of the page.
If you have not connected your Github account: Go to your profile > Learn Settings > Public Profile. A URL should be listed under Username. Navigate to this URL and scroll to the bottom of the page. The OAuth token is at the bottom of the page.

Note: At the end of this lesson is additional troubleshooting information. If you receive an error when running learn whoami, please try the steps listed there.

Get a Text Editor

Get a Text Editor. We suggest Visual Studio Code; follow the link to download the macOS version.

After downloading and unzipping, make sure to move the Visual Studio Code app from your Downloads folder to your Applications folder. Open Finder and navigate to Downloads (or wherever you save downloads). If you see Visual Studio Code there, drag it over to Applications.

Once Visual Studio Code is in your Applications folder, launch the program and type command(⌘) + shift(⇧) + p, and your Command Palette will open. In your Command Palette, type >shell command. Select "Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH"

Next, let's install Visual Studio Code as your default text editor in the .learn-config file. First, open the config file for Learn in a text editor (let's give Visual Studio Code a try!). If you successfully installed Visual Studio Code and its shell commands, type code ~/.learn-config in your terminal. Your .learn-config file should open in VSCode!

If your .learn-config is blank, or is missing, use the following template. Make your changes and save it in your root (~) directory.

---
:learn_directory: "/Users/<your-computer-username>/Flatiron/code"
:editor: 'code'

Change default editor from subl (or atom) to code.

Note: Atom is also a popular editor option. If you would prefer to use Atom over VS Code, you can. Just make sure that the ~/.learn-config file has the correct editor. For VS Code, the file should include :editor: code, but for Atom users, this line should read: :editor: atom. If you have a different editor you prefer, you can set it as the default learn editor in this file.

In .learn-config, you can also set the default location where Learn will save all your labs. By default, the Learn directory is set to /Users/<your-computer-username>/Development/code. However, some students have reported issues using Ruby Gems when working in this folder. To avoid this potential problem, let's make a new folder and set it as the default location. instead of Development/code, lets make a Flatiron/code folder:

cd  ~
mkdir Flatiron
mkdir Flatiron/code

Then, in .learn-config, change the Learn directory to /Users/<your-computer-username>/Flatiron/code. If you want to store labs somewhere else, change this path to point to the desired location. Make sure the folders you point to exist!

This location setting is only triggered when using the learn open command to open a lesson. Save and close the ~/.learn-config file.

Optional VS Code Terminal Setup

If you would like to use the terminal built into VS Code, you may need to update the settings. If you intend to use your regular terminal, you do not need to complete this step.

To update VS Code's terminal settings, while in VS Code, press command(⌘) + shift(⇧) + p and search for settings.json.

In this file, you should see opening and closing curly braces {} without anything inside them. Add the following in between the braces:

"terminal.integrated.env.osx": {
    "PATH": ""
}

If there are already items inside the curly braces, instead of erasing them, you can add a comma after the last item and paste in the above setting on a new line. The file should look like this:

{
  "terminal.integrated.env.osx": {
    "PATH": ""
  }
}

Or something similar to this:

{
  "some.other.settings.present": true,
  "do.not.forget.the.end.comma": true,
  "terminal.integrated.env.osx": {
    "PATH": ""
  }
}

Install SQLite

You’ll be using a couple of different databases as you move through the web development track. The default database that Rails uses is SQLite.

To set up SQLite, run:

brew install sqlite

Install Postgres

We also frequently see that students want to deploy their apps to the free hosting service Heroku. To do this, though, you will need a different relational database management system, PostgreSQL.

To install Postgres, run the following commands:

brew install postgres
brew services start postgresql
gem install pg

Install Node

Later on in the program, we'll want to run JavaScript just like we run Ruby. On the command line, the program that runs JavaScript files (the 'JavaScript Runtime') is called Node.

To manage different versions of Node installed on our computer, we can use JavaScript's equivalent of RVM - NVM. Let's get your Node Version Manager installed. Run the following in your terminal:

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.35.3/install.sh | bash

Make sure you do not use sudo.

Next, run the following commands:

echo "$(echo '[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"' | cat  - ~/.zshrc)" > ~/.zshrc
echo "$(echo 'export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"' | cat - ~/.zshrc)" >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

This sets NVM up to be accessible in your terminal whenever you open it. The last command refreshes your shell so you won’t have to quit the terminal and open it again.

Finally, run the three following commands to install the latest version of Node:

nvm install node
nvm use node
nvm alias default node

After installing, you can verify everything is working by running nvm list. If NVM has installed correctly, this will output the existing versions of Node and indicate which version is currently set to default.

Dotfiles

Configuration files are often prefixed with the '.' character, hiding them from normal file explorer views - hence 'dotfiles'. Since the default configuration of many of the tools we use is somewhat plain, it's helpful to add some configuration on top.

These dotfiles set up a variety of convenient features to some of the most common tools you'll use - Zsh and Git.

You'll first want to back up your dotfiles before overwriting them. Run the following commands to do so:

mv ~/.gitignore{,.bak}
mv ~/.zprofile{,.bak}
mv ~/.gitconfig{,.bak}

Note: If when you’re trying to back up a file, you get the error No such file or directory, don’t worry. This just means you didn’t have that file to start with, so there is nothing to back up.

Global List of Files for Git to Ignore - `~/.gitignore`

When code is sent from your local machine to GitHub, it is possible to accidentally send files that aren't normally meant to be sent. To avoid this, many Git repositories contain a .gitignore file, defining what files should be ignored when code is being pushed to GitHub. We can also set a global .gitignore file to use for all repositories.

GitHub maintains a list of files they recommend. These filenames and a few others can be added to your own global .gitignore file by running:

curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flatiron-school/dotfiles/master/ubuntu-gitignore" -o "$HOME/.gitignore"

Helpful Zsh Shortcuts - `.zprofile`

Your Zsh profile loads up every time you open a terminal window. Learn has a default .zprofile that is designed to load up a bunch of shortcuts for you as well as make sure that RVM loads up every time you open the terminal. To use this profile, run the following:

curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flatiron-school/dotfiles/master/.zprofile" -o "$HOME/.zprofile"
source ~/.zprofile

We recommend you take a look at this file and see if there are any shortcuts of your own that you’d like to add!

Set up the Default Git Configuration File

In the next step, we'll configure Git, but before we do, we will set up a default configuration file called .gitconfig. To get the default .gitconfig file, run:

curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flatiron-school/dotfiles/master/gitconfig" -o "$HOME/.gitconfig"

Note: After changing up the dotfiles, it is recommended you run:
rvm get stable --auto-dotfiles
This will attempt to clear any potential PATH related issues.

Configure Git

With Git installed, we now want to configure it using your own account. First, you need to let Git know who you are. You can do this by running:

git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your name"

Replace "you@example.com" with the email tied to your GitHub account and "Your name" with your full name. Git will use this email and name as the author for all the changes you make.

IMPORTANT: While we're configuring GitHub, we should add a new SSH key. Setting this key up will keep you from having to provide your username and password whenever you use the terminal to interact with GitHub.

First, check if you already have an SSH key by running cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. If the terminal prints out a long string of characters starting with ssh-rsa, you've already got a key and can skip the next bullet
If the last command does not print anything, run ssh-keygen to create a new SSH key. You should be prompted to select a location and passphrase for your new key. Leave everything blank and press enter for the default location and no passphrase. If you’re asked if you want to overwrite, then you already have an SSH key, and you do not want to overwrite it.

Run cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub once more and copy the key that is printed out. Follow the instructions provided by GitHub and add this key to your GitHub account

Install Chrome

Install Google Chrome and make Chrome your default browser.

Install Slack

Install Slack for Mac and enable desktop notifications for Slack. One week before your start date, you will receive an invitation to join the Flatiron School workspace, flatiron-school.slack.com. You’ll also receive a welcome email with information about channels you should join.

Verify Installations

To verify that you've got everything installed, run the following command in your terminal:

curl -so- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/learn-co-curriculum/flatiron-manual-setup-validator/master/manual-setup-check.sh | bash 2> /dev/null

This script will verify that everything you need is installed. If all checks pass, you have completed the setup process and are ready to move on!

Troubleshooting

Below are some options to try for specific issues.

RVM Is Producing Errors or Warnings

Close your terminal, reopen it, and try the rvm list command.
If you see a warning regarding the PATH, try running the following first:
```
rvm use 2.6.1
rvm --default use 2.6.1
```
Close and reopen the terminal again, and rerun rvm list.

If RVM is not found when you run rvm list, try reinstalling RVM:

curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby --auto-dotfiles

You may get an error regarding keys with further commands to try, including the following:

gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB

or if it fails:

command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | gpg --import -
command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/pkuczynski.asc | gpg --import -

Try each of these, followed by the previous curl command to install RVM.

If RVM is found but continues to produce errors, try uninstalling with:
```
rvm implode
```
This will remove RVM entirely. Follow the instructions in Step 3 to reinstall RVM.

`learn whoami` Command Not Found / `learn` Produces `oj.bundle` Error

Close your terminal window, reopen it, and try the learn whoami command again.
Run the command rvm list. If RVM is not found, follow the steps in the previous troubleshooting section on installing RVM. If you see a warning regarding PATH, try running the following first:
```
rvm use 2.6.1
rvm --default use 2.6.1
```
Then reinstall the Learn gem and test it again with:
```
gem install learn-co
learn whoami
```
If the learn command continues to fail, but RVM is working fine, try reinstalling RVM by first using the following command:
```
rvm implode
```
Then rerunning the RVM install script:
```
curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby --auto-dotfiles
```
Once RVM is installed, try reinstalling and testing the learn-co gem.
If you are still unable to run learn whoami, try the following:
```
bundle clean --force
gem install learn-co
gem install bundler
```
This will clear out any gems that have already been installed. At the moment, you will only need the learn-co and bundler gems, so this reinstalls them.

`learn` Commands Produce `psych` Gem Errors

This error is typically due to issues in the ~/.learn-config file.

Run code ~/.learn-config. This file should only have three lines in it, similar to the example below:
```
---
:learn_directory: "/Users/< username >/Flatiron/code"
:editor: code
```
Check for any typos or extra content. Make sure the :learn_directory path is valid and has your computer's username after /Users/. You can confirm this name by running echo $HOME.
Save the .learn-config file and try running learn whoami.

thumphrey-mdsol/environment-mac-os-catalina-setup

Mac OSX Manual Environment Set Up

Introduction

When to Move to a Local Environment

Step 0

Step By Step Instructions for Manual Installation

ALERT - For New M1 Mac Laptops ONLY

Install Xcode Command Line Tools

Install Homebrew

Install Zsh

Install the GMP and GnuPG Packages

Install RVM

Install Some Ruby Gems

Install Git

Set Up the Learn gem

Get a Text Editor

Optional VS Code Terminal Setup

Install SQLite

Install Postgres

Install Node

Dotfiles

Global List of Files for Git to Ignore - `~/.gitignore`

Helpful Zsh Shortcuts - `.zprofile`

Set up the Default Git Configuration File

Configure Git

Install Chrome

Install Slack

Verify Installations

Troubleshooting

RVM Is Producing Errors or Warnings

`learn whoami` Command Not Found / `learn` Produces `oj.bundle` Error

`learn` Commands Produce `psych` Gem Errors

Resources

thumphrey-mdsol/environment-mac-os-catalina-setup

Mac OSX Manual Environment Set Up

Introduction

When to Move to a Local Environment

Step 0

Step By Step Instructions for Manual Installation

ALERT - For New M1 Mac Laptops ONLY

Install Xcode Command Line Tools

Install Homebrew

Install Zsh

Install the GMP and GnuPG Packages

Install RVM

Install Some Ruby Gems

Install Git

Set Up the Learn gem

Get a Text Editor

Optional VS Code Terminal Setup

Install SQLite

Install Postgres

Install Node

Dotfiles

Global List of Files for Git to Ignore - ~/.gitignore

Helpful Zsh Shortcuts - .zprofile

Set up the Default Git Configuration File

Configure Git

Install Chrome

Install Slack

Verify Installations

Troubleshooting

RVM Is Producing Errors or Warnings

learn whoami Command Not Found / learn Produces oj.bundle Error

learn Commands Produce psych Gem Errors

Resources

Global List of Files for Git to Ignore - `~/.gitignore`

Helpful Zsh Shortcuts - `.zprofile`

`learn whoami` Command Not Found / `learn` Produces `oj.bundle` Error

`learn` Commands Produce `psych` Gem Errors