/awesome-wasm-langs

😎 A curated list of languages that compile directly to or have their VMs in WebAssembly

Awesome WebAssembly Languages Awesome

WebAssembly, or wasm for short, is a low-level bytecode format that runs in the browser just like JavaScript. It is designed to be faster to parse than JavaScript, as well as faster to execute which makes it a suitable compilation target for new and existing languages.

This repo contains a list of languages that currently compile to or have their VMs in WebAssembly(wasm) :octocat:

Contents

.Net top⇈

.NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library named Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages.

  • Blazor - an experimental web UI framework using C#/Razor and HTML, running client-side via WebAssembly.

AssemblyScript top⇈

AssemblyScript is a new compiler targeting WebAssembly while utilizing TypeScript's syntax and node's vibrant ecosystem. Instead of requiring complex toolchains to set up, you can simply npm install it - or run it in a browser.

Astro top⇈

Astro is a fun safe language for rapid prototyping and high performance applications.

  • Astro - main repository.

Brainfuck top⇈

Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Urban Müller, and notable for its extreme minimalism. The language consists of only eight simple commands and an instruction pointer. While it is fully Turing-complete, it is not intended for practical use, but to challenge and amuse programmers.

C top⇈

C is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations. C was originally developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at Bell Labs,[6] and used to re-implement the Unix operating system.

  • Emscripten - an LLVM-to-JavaScript/Webassembly compiler. It takes LLVM bitcode - which can be generated from C/C++, using llvm-gcc (DragonEgg) or clang, or any other language that can be converted into LLVM - and compiles that into JavaScript or wasm.
  • Cheerp - an open-source, commercial C/C++ compiler for Web applications. It can compile virtually any C/C++ code (up to C++14) to WebAssembly, JavaScript, asm.js or a combination thereof.

C# top⇈

C# is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. Its development team is led by Anders Hejlsberg.

C++ top⇈

C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights. The developement of the language was sterated in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup as a "C with Classes".

  • See C.

D top⇈

D is a general-purpose programming language with static typing, systems-level access, and C-like syntax.

  • LDC - LLVM-based D compiler, which can generate WASM since version 1.11.0.

Elixir top⇈

Elixir is a dynamic, functional language designed for building scalable and maintainable applications. Elixir builds on top of Erlang and shares the same abstractions for building distributed, fault-tolerant applications.

Faust top⇈

Faust (Functional Audio Stream) is a functional programming language specifically designed for real-time signal processing and synthesis. A distinctive characteristic of Faust is to be fully compiled.

  • Faust - main repository.

Forest top⇈

Forest is a functional programming language that compiles to WebAssembly. The main repo contains the compiler and core syntaxes, currently implemented in Haskell.

Forth top⇈

Forth is an interactive, extensible, imperative, untyped, stack-based programming language.

Go top⇈

Go is a statically typed compiled language in the tradition of C, with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrent programming features added.

  • Go - main repository.
  • TinyGo - a subset of Go targeted to embedded devices and WebAssembly.

Grain top⇈

Grain is a strongly-typed functional programming language built for the modern web.

Haskell top⇈

Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry.[1] The latest standard of Haskell is Haskell 2010. As of May 2016, a group is working on the next version, Haskell 2020.

  • Asterius - a Haskell to WebAssembly compiler
  • DHC - a Haskell compiler that accepts only a tiny subset of the language and produces WebAssembly binaries.
  • HaskellWasm - a Haskell compiler infrastructure for generating WebAssembly.
  • haskell-wasm - Haskell WebAssembly Toolkit. It includes Language helpers and a fully spec-compatible WASM interpreter.

Java top⇈

Java is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.

  • TeaVM - an ahead-of-time translating compiler (transpiler) of Java bytecode, that's capable of emitting JavaScript and WebAssembly.
  • JWebAssembly - A Java bytecode to WebAssembly compiler. It can generate the WebAssembly binary or text format. It is written in Java itself and can be integrated with other Java build tools.
  • Bytecoder - A Rich Domain Model for Java Bytecode and Framework to interpret and transpile it to other languages such as JavaScript, OpenCL or WebAssembly.

JavaScript top⇈

JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. It is a language that is also characterized as dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based and multi-paradigm.

  • Duktape - an embeddable Javascript engine, with a focus on portability and compact footprint that's capable of being run in the browser via WebAssembly.

Idris top⇈

Idris is a general purpose pure functional programming language with dependent types. Dependent types allow types to be predicated on values, meaning that some aspects of a program’s behaviour can be specified precisely in the type. It is compiled, with eager evaluation. Its features are influenced by Haskell and ML.

Julia top⇈

Julia was designed from the beginning for high performance. Julia programs compile to efficient native code for multiple platforms via LLVM.

  • Charlotte.jl - a Julia to web assembly/Javascript compiler

Kotlin top⇈

Kotlin is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure. Its primary development is from a team of JetBrains programmers based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. While the syntax is not compatible with Java, Kotlin is designed to interoperate with Java code and is reliant on Java code from the existing Java Class Library, such as the collections framework.

Kou top⇈

A minimal language compiled into wasm bytecode.

  • Kou - main repository.

Lua top⇈

Lua is a lightweight, multi-paradigm programming language designed primarily for embedded systems and clients.[2] Lua is cross-platform, since the interpreter is written in ANSI C, and has a relatively simple C API. Lua was originally designed in 1993 as a language for extending software applications to meet the increasing demand for customization at the time.

  • WasmLua - a Lua VM running in the browser.
  • Luwa - a wasm-to-Lua JIT compiler.

Lys top⇈

Lys is a typed functional language that compiles directly to WebAssembly.

  • Lys - main repository.

Nim top⇈

A fringe language with some beautiful design patterns.

  • nwasm - a webassembly backend for nim.
  • Nim wasm helpers - a helper to set up a VM configured to build WebAssembly code using Nim.

Ocaml top⇈

OCaml, originally named Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the programming language Caml, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez and others in 1996. A member of the ML language family, OCaml extends the core Caml language with object-oriented programming constructs.

  • Ocaml - a fork of main repo contianing work on OCaml to wasm compilation.
  • OcamlRun - a build script for compiling OCaml bytecode interpreter to wasm using emscripten [Unmaintained].

Perl top⇈

Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development, and more.

PHP top⇈

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development, in which case PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content or dynamic images used on websites or elsewhere.

  • PIB - a PHP runtime in the broswer.

Plorth top⇈

Plorth is stack based, concatenative, strongly typed functional scripting language which is easy to embed to applications written in C++. It's inspired by Forth and Factor programming languages.

Poetry top⇈

Poetry is a poetically dynamic and simple programming language that compiles to WebAssembly. It has a minimalisting syntax akin to CoffeeScript and gives you full control over wasm imports and exports.

Python top⇈

Python is an open source interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability, notably using significant whitespace. It provides constructs that enable clear programming on both small and large scales.

  • Pyodide - a port of Python to WebAssembly that includes the core packages of the scientific Python stack (Numpy, Pandas, matplotlib). Objects transparently convert and share between Python and Javascript.

Prolog top⇈

Prolog is a general-purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules. A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations.

  • SWI-Prolog port to WebAssembly - a port of SWI-Prolog to WebAssembly. SWI-Prolog is a free implementation of the programming language Prolog commonly used for teaching and semantic web applications.

Ruby top⇈

Ruby is an open source interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Created by Matz. Ruby has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability, notably using as few sigils (special chars:.{}%[]&=>;) as possible.

  • Wruby Web ruby - a port of minimal ruby (mruby).
    • run.rb run.rb - allows you to run Ruby code in the browser

Rust top⇈

Rust is a systems programming language sponsored by Mozilla Research, which describes it as a "safe, concurrent, practical language,"supporting functional and imperative-procedural paradigms. Rust is syntactically similar to C++, but its designers intend it to provide better memory safety while maintaining performance.

  • Rust wasm32-unknown-unknown target - Rust compiler backend for WebAssembly (without the need for Emscripten).
  • Wargo - a simple npm package that makes compiling Rust to WebAssembly easy on macOS or Linux.
  • RustWasmLoader - A simple Webpack loader that shells out to cargo to build a Rust project targeting WebAssembly.
  • CargoWeb - This cargo subcommand aims to make it easy and convenient to build, develop and deploy client-side Web applications written in Rust.
  • Wasm-Bindgen - A library and a CLI for Rust that facilitate high-level interactions between wasm modules and JavaScript.

Scheme top⇈

Scheme is a programming language that supports multiple paradigms, including functional programming and imperative programming, and is one of the two main dialects of Lisp. Unlike Common Lisp, the other main dialect, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy specifying a small standard core with powerful tools for language extension..

  • Schism - Schism is an experimental self-hosting compiler from a subset of R6RS Scheme to WebAssembly. Development so far has focused on features necessary for self-hosting. The compiler itself is written in, and compiles, a very small subset of Scheme.

Speedy.js top⇈

Speedy.js is a compiler for a well considered, performance pitfalls free subset of JavaScript targeting WebAssembly. Because WebAssembly is statically-typed, the project uses TypeScript as type-checker and to resolve the types of the program symbols.

TurboScript top⇈

TurboScript is an experimental programming language for parallel programming for web which compiles to JavaScript (asm.js) and WebAssembly (targeting post-MVP). The syntax is similar to TypeScript and the compiler is open source and written in TypeScript. TurboScript has zero dependencies.

Wah top⇈

Wah is a slightly higher level language that is a superset of WebAssembly. It aims to make WebAssembly's text format slightly more friendly to humans, without introducing new syntax or datatypes.

  • Wah - main repository.

WAlt top⇈

WAlt is an alternative syntax for WebAssembly text format. It's an experiment for using JavaScript syntax to write to as 'close to the metal' as possible. It's JavaScript with rules. .walt files compile directly to WebAssembly binary format.

  • Walt - main repository.

Wam top⇈

WebAssembly Macro language: Wam syntax is a near superset of wast syntax that is more convenient for human developers to write directly.

  • Wam - main repository.

Wracket top⇈

A lisp-like language that compiles to WebAssembly, written in racket

Xlang top⇈

A programming language similar to Go and TypeScript.

  • Xlang - main repository

Zig top⇈

Zig is an open-source programming language designed for robustness, optimality, and clarity.

  • Zig - main repository

Please read the contribution guidelines if you want to contribute.

License

CC0

To the extent possible under law, Steve Akinyemi has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.