Serverless Express by

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Serverless Express

Run REST APIs and other web applications using your existing Node.js application framework (Express, Koa, Hapi, Sails, etc.), on top of AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway or Azure Function.

npm install @vendia/serverless-express

Quick Start/Example

Want to get up and running quickly? Check out our basic starter example that includes:

Lambda function
Express application
Serverless Application Model (SAM)/CloudFormation template
Helper scripts to configure, deploy, and manage your application

If you want to migrate an existing application to AWS Lambda, it's advised to get the minimal example up and running first, and then copy your application source in.

AWS

Minimal Lambda handler wrapper

The only AWS Lambda specific code you need to write is a simple handler like below. All other code you can write as you normally do.

// lambda.js
const serverlessExpress = require('@vendia/serverless-express')
const app = require('./app')
exports.handler = serverlessExpress({ app })

Async setup Lambda handler

If your application needs to perform some common bootstrap tasks such as connecting to a database before the request is forward to the API, you can use the following pattern (also available in this example):

// lambda.js
require('source-map-support/register')
const serverlessExpress = require('@vendia/serverless-express')
const app = require('./app')

let serverlessExpressInstance

function asyncTask () {
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(() => resolve('connected to database'), 1000)
  })
}

async function setup (event, context) {
  const asyncValue = await asyncTask()
  console.log(asyncValue)
  serverlessExpressInstance = serverlessExpress({ app })
  return serverlessExpressInstance(event, context)
}

function handler (event, context) {
  if (serverlessExpressInstance) return serverlessExpressInstance(event, context)

  return setup(event, context)
}

exports.handler = handler

Azure

Async Azure Function v3/v4 handler wrapper

The only Azure Function specific code you need to write is a simple index.js and a function.json like below.

// index.js
const serverlessExpress = require('@vendia/serverless-express')
const app = require('./app')
const cachedServerlessExpress = serverlessExpress({ app })

module.exports = async function (context, req) {
  return cachedServerlessExpress(context, req)
}

The out-binding parameter "name": "$return" is important for Serverless Express to work.

// function.json
{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "authLevel": "anonymous",
      "type": "httpTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "name": "req",
      "route": "{*segments}"
    },
    {
      "type": "http",
      "direction": "out",
      "name": "$return"
    }
  ]
}

4.x

Improved API - Simpler for end-user to use and configure.
Promise resolution mode by default. Can specify resolutionMode to use "CONTEXT" or "CALLBACK"
Additional event sources - API Gateway V1 (REST API), API Gateway V2 (HTTP API), ALB, Lambda@Edge
Custom event source - If you have another event source you'd like to use that we don't natively support, check out the DynamoDB Example
Implementation uses mock Request/Response objects instead of running a server listening on a local socket. Thanks to @dougmoscrop from https://github.com/dougmoscrop/serverless-http
Automatic isBase64Encoded without specifying binaryMimeTypes. Use binarySettings to customize. Thanks to @dougmoscrop from https://github.com/dougmoscrop/serverless-http
respondWithErrors makes it easier to debug during development
Node.js 12+
Improved support for custom domain names

See UPGRADE.md to upgrade from aws-serverless-express and @vendia/serverless-express 3.x

API

binarySettings

Determine if the response should be base64 encoded before being returned to the event source, for example, when returning images or compressed files. This is necessary due to API Gateway and other event sources not being capable of handling binary responses directly. The event source is then responsible for turning this back into a binary format before being returned to the client.

By default, this is determined based on the content-encoding and content-type headers returned by your application. If you need additional control over this, you can specify binarySettings.

{
  binarySettings: {
    isBinary: ({ headers }) => true,
    contentTypes: ['image/*'],
    contentEncodings: []
  }
}

Any value you provide here should also be specified on API Gateway API. In SAM, this looks like:

ExpressApi:
  Type: AWS::Serverless::Api
  Properties:
    StageName: prod
    BinaryMediaTypes: ['image/*']

resolutionMode (default: `'PROMISE'`)

Lambda supports three methods to end the execution and return a result: context, callback, and promise. By default, serverless-express uses promise resolution, but you can specify 'CONTEXT' or 'CALLBACK' if you need to change this. If you specify 'CALLBACK', then context.callbackWaitsForEmptyEventLoop = false is also set for you.

serverlessExpress({
  app,
  resolutionMode: 'CALLBACK'
})

respondWithErrors (default: `process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development'`)

Set this to true to have serverless-express include the error stack trace in the event of an unhandled exception. This is especially useful during development. By default, this is enabled when NODE_ENV === 'development' so that the stack trace isn't returned in production.

Advanced API

eventSource

serverless-express natively supports API Gateway, ALB, and Lambda@Edge. If you want to use Express with other AWS Services integrated with Lambda you can provide your own custom request/response mappings via eventSource. See the custom-mapper-dynamodb example.

function requestMapper ({ event }) {
  // Your logic here...

  return {
    method,
    path,
    headers
  }
}

function responseMapper ({
  statusCode,
  body,
  headers,
  isBase64Encoded
}) {
  // Your logic here...

  return {
    statusCode,
    body,
    headers,
    isBase64Encoded
  }
}

serverlessExpress({
  app,
  eventSource: {
    getRequest: requestMapper,
    getResponse: responseMapper
  }
})

eventSourceRoutes

A single function can be configured to handle additional kinds of AWS events:

SNS
DynamoDB Streams
SQS
EventBridge Events (formerlly CloudWatch Events)

Assuming the following function configuration in serverless.yml:

functions:
  lambda-handler:
    handler: src/lambda.handler
    events:
      - http:
          path: /
          method: get
      - sns:
          topicName: my-topic
      - stream:
          type: dynamodb
          arn: arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:012345678990:table/my-table/stream/2021-07-15T15:05:51.683
      - sqs:
          arn: arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:012345678990:myQueue
      - eventBridge:
          pattern:
            source:
              - aws.cloudformation

And the following configuration:

serverlessExpress({
  app,
  eventSourceRoutes: {
    'AWS_SNS': '/sns',
    'AWS_DYNAMODB': '/dynamodb',
    'AWS_SQS': '/sqs'
    'AWS_EVENTBRIDGE': '/eventbridge',
    'AWS_KINESIS_DATA_STREAM': '/kinesis',
  }
})

Alternatively, to handle only SNS events (the keys in the map are optional)

serverlessExpress({
  app,
  eventSourceRoutes: {
    'AWS_SNS': '/sns',
  }
})

Events will POST to the routes configured.

Also, to ensure the events propagated from an internal event and not externally, it is highly recommended to ensure the Host header matches:

SNS: sns.amazonaws.com
DynamoDB: dynamodb.amazonaws.com
SQS: sqs.amazonaws.com
EventBridge: events.amazonaws.com
KinesisDataStream: kinesis.amazonaws.com

logSettings

Specify log settings that are passed to the default logger. Currently, you can only set the log level.

{
  logSettings: {
    level: 'debug' // default: 'error'
  }
}

log

Provide a custom log object with info, debug and error methods. For example, you could override the default with a Winston log instance.

{
  log: {
    info (message, additional) {
      console.info(message, additional)
    },
    debug (message, additional) {
      console.debug(message, additional)
    },
    error (message, additional) {
      console.error(message, additional)
    }
  }
}

Accessing the event and context objects

This package exposes a function to easily get the event and context objects Lambda receives from the event source.

const { getCurrentInvoke } = require('@vendia/serverless-express')
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  const { event, context } = getCurrentInvoke()

  res.json(event)
})

Why run Express in a Serverless environment

Only pay for what you use
No infrastructure to manage
Auto-scaling with zero configuration
Usage Plans
Caching
Authorization
Staging
SDK Generation
API Monitoring
Request Validation
Documentation

Loadtesting

npx loadtest --rps 100 -k -n 1500 -c 50 https://xxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/prod/users

AWS Serverless Express is now under the stewardship of Vendia

On 11/30, the AWS Serverless Express library moved from AWS to Vendia and will be rebranded to @vendia/serverless-express. Similarly, the aws-serverless-express NPM package will be deprecated in favor of @vendia/serverless-express.

Brett Andrews, the original creator of the Serverless Express library, will continue maintaining the repository and give it the attention and care it deserves. At the same time, we will be looking for additional contributors to participate in the development and stewardship of the Serverless Express library. AWS and the SAM team will remain involved in an administrative role alongside Vendia, Brett, and the new maintainers that will join the project.

We believe this is the best course of action to ensure that customers using this library get the best possible support in the future. To learn more about this move or become a maintainer of the new Serverless Express library, reach out to us through a GitHub issue on this repository.

Best, The AWS Serverless team, Brett & the Vendia team