vulkano-rs/vulkano

Segmentation Fault using primusrun on Linux

royward opened this issue · 3 comments

royward commented
  • Version of vulkano: master branch, but bug also exists in 0.34.X
  • OS: Debian Bullseye (version 11)
  • GPU (the selected PhysicalDevice): NVIDIA GeForce GT 730M (type: DiscreteGpu)
    Machine also has: Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2) (type: IntegratedGpu)
  • GPU Driver: NVIDIA version 470.256.02
  • Vulkan Version: 1.2.162.0
  • primus version: 1.6.1

To reproduce the error:

Checkout the master branch from github , build it with 'cargo build' and:

primusrun ./target/debug/triangle

Output:
MESA-INTEL: warning: Haswell Vulkan support is incomplete
Using device: NVIDIA GeForce GT 730M (type: DiscreteGpu)
Segmentation fault

Stack trace:
#0 0x00007fffefc0f004 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX_nvidia.so.0
#1 0x00007fffee783b31 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#2 0x00007fffee7823ea in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#3 0x00007fffee7826c8 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#4 0x00007fffee78411e in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#5 0x00007fffee7789b5 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#6 0x00007fffee783fff in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#7 0x00007ffff72a189c in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvulkan.so.1
#8 0x000055555600716a in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new_inner_unchecked (device=0x5555571c7880, surface=0x55555690d330, create_info=0x7fffffff80a0,
old_swapchain=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:1117
#9 0x0000555555709f5f in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new_unchecked (device=..., surface=..., create_info=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:432
#10 0x000055555570a421 in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new (device=..., surface=..., create_info=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:421
#11 0x000055555578654b in triangle::main () at examples/triangle/main.rs:209

print create_info_vk
$1 = ash::vk::definitions::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR {s_type: ash::vk::enums::StructureType (1000001000), p_next: 0x0, flags: ash::vk::bitflags::SwapchainCreateFlagsKHR (0), surface: ash::vk::definitions::SurfaceKHR (93825018532320), min_image_count: 2, image_format: ash::vk::enums::Format (44), image_color_space: ash::vk::enums::ColorSpaceKHR (0), image_extent: ash::vk::definitions::Extent2D {width: 800, height: 600}, image_array_layers: 1, image_usage: ash::vk::bitflags::ImageUsageFlags (16), image_sharing_mode: ash::vk::enums::SharingMode (0), queue_family_index_count: 0, p_queue_family_indices: 0x0, pre_transform: ash::vk::bitflags::SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR (1), composite_alpha: ash::vk::bitflags::CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR (1), present_mode: ash::vk::enums::PresentModeKHR (2), clipped: 1, old_swapchain: ash::vk::definitions::SwapchainKHR (0), _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<&()>}

SurfaceKHR (93825018532320) is SurfaceKHR (0x555556e691e0)

For comparison, it does work correctly on the internal Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2). With break mod.rs:1117:

print create_info_vk
$1 = ash::vk::definitions::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR {s_type: ash::vk::enums::StructureType (1000001000), p_next: 0x0, flags: ash::vk::bitflags::SwapchainCreateFlagsKHR (0), surface: ash::vk::definitions::SurfaceKHR (93825014261712), min_image_count: 3, image_format: ash::vk::enums::Format (50), image_color_space: ash::vk::enums::ColorSpaceKHR (0), image_extent: ash::vk::definitions::Extent2D {width: 800, height: 600}, image_array_layers: 1, image_usage: ash::vk::bitflags::ImageUsageFlags (16), image_sharing_mode: ash::vk::enums::SharingMode (0), queue_family_index_count: 0, p_queue_family_indices: 0x0, pre_transform: ash::vk::bitflags::SurfaceTransformFlagsKHR (1), composite_alpha: ash::vk::bitflags::CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR (1), present_mode: ash::vk::enums::PresentModeKHR (2), clipped: 1, old_swapchain: ash::vk::definitions::SwapchainKHR (0), _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<&()>}

It also works correctly in a C++ implementation with primusrun (so it's not just an Nvidia driver issue):

print createInfo
{sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR, pNext = 0x0, flags = 0, surface = 0x20000000002, minImageCount = 4,
imageFormat = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB, imageColorSpace = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR, imageExtent = {width = 1200, height = 800}, imageArrayLayers = 1,
imageUsage = 16, imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE, queueFamilyIndexCount = 0, pQueueFamilyIndices = 0x0,
preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR, compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR, presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR,
clipped = 1, oldSwapchain = 0x0}

I can provide any more information that is requested.

I think it's odd that surface is a pointer into main memory in the vulkano version, and a special value in the C++ version - that was the only major difference that I could find (the different minImageCount doesn't matter).

Rua commented

Do you get any validation errors if you enable the validation layer?

royward commented

Also see next comment. I think these are spurious.

I turned on "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"

I get (short version):

vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2: pProperties->pNext chain includes a structure with unknown VkStructureType, with the following two VkStructureTypes:

VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROVOKING_VERTEX_PROPERTIES_EXT (1000254002)
VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRM_PROPERTIES_EXT (1000353000)

Full messages:

primusrun ./target/debug/triangle

List of Vulkan debugging layers available to use:
VK_LAYER_NV_optimus
VK_LAYER_PRIMUS_PrimusVK
VK_LAYER_MESA_device_select
VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation
VK_LAYER_MESA_overlay
MESA-INTEL: warning: Haswell Vulkan support is incomplete
VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext(ERROR / SPEC): msgNum: -579609649 - Validation Error: [ VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext ] Object 0: VK_NULL_HANDLE, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE; | MessageID = 0xdd73dbcf | vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2: pProperties->pNext chain includes a structure with unknown VkStructureType (1000254002); Allowed structures are [VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructurePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceConservativeRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDeviceGeneratedCommandsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceDiscardRectanglePropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMapPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateEnumsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceLineRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMeshShaderPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewPerViewAttributesPropertiesNVX, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePCIBusInfoPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDevicePerformanceQueryPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceRobustness2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSampleLocationsPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCoreProperties2AMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCorePropertiesAMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSMBuiltinsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceShadingRateImagePropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties]. This error is based on the Valid Usage documentation for version 162 of the Vulkan header. It is possible that you are using a struct from a private extension or an extension that was added to a later version of the Vulkan header, in which case the use of pProperties->pNext is undefined and may not work correctly with validation enabled The Vulkan spec states: Each pNext member of any structure (including this one) in the pNext chain must be either NULL or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructurePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceConservativeRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDeviceGeneratedCommandsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceDiscardRectanglePropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMapPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateEnumsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceLineRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMeshShaderPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewPerViewAttributesPropertiesNVX, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePCIBusInfoPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDevicePerformanceQueryPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceRobustness2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSampleLocationsPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCoreProperties2AMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCorePropertiesAMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSMBuiltinsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceShadingRateImagePropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties, or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties (https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext)
Objects: 1
[0] 0, type: 3, name: NULL
VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext(ERROR / SPEC): msgNum: -579609649 - Validation Error: [ VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext ] Object 0: VK_NULL_HANDLE, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE; | MessageID = 0xdd73dbcf | vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2: pProperties->pNext chain includes a structure with unknown VkStructureType (1000353000); Allowed structures are [VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructurePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceConservativeRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDeviceGeneratedCommandsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceDiscardRectanglePropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMapPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateEnumsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceLineRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMeshShaderPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewPerViewAttributesPropertiesNVX, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePCIBusInfoPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDevicePerformanceQueryPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceRobustness2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSampleLocationsPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCoreProperties2AMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCorePropertiesAMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSMBuiltinsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceShadingRateImagePropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties]. This error is based on the Valid Usage documentation for version 162 of the Vulkan header. It is possible that you are using a struct from a private extension or an extension that was added to a later version of the Vulkan header, in which case the use of pProperties->pNext is undefined and may not work correctly with validation enabled The Vulkan spec states: Each pNext member of any structure (including this one) in the pNext chain must be either NULL or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructurePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceConservativeRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceCustomBorderColorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDeviceGeneratedCommandsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceDiscardRectanglePropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceExternalMemoryHostPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMapPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateEnumsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceLineRasterizationPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMeshShaderPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewPerViewAttributesPropertiesNVX, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePCIBusInfoPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDevicePerformanceQueryPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR, VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceRobustness2PropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSampleLocationsPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCoreProperties2AMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderCorePropertiesAMD, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSMBuiltinsPropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceShadingRateImagePropertiesNV, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties, or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties (https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext)
Objects: 1
[0] 0, type: 3, name: NULL
Using device: NVIDIA GeForce GT 730M (type: DiscreteGpu)
Segmentation fault

Stack trace:

#0 0x00007fffefc0f004 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX_nvidia.so.0
#1 0x00007fffee783b31 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#2 0x00007fffee7823ea in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#3 0x00007fffee7826c8 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#4 0x00007fffee78411e in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#5 0x00007fffee7789b5 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#6 0x00007fffee783fff in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-glcore.so.470.256.02
#7 0x00007ffff72a189c in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvulkan.so.1
#8 0x00007fffeb759a1b in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libVkLayer_khronos_validation.so
#9 0x00007fffeb6f1db1 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libVkLayer_khronos_validation.so
#10 0x0000555555d31eda in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new_inner_unchecked (device=0x5555574fc240, surface=0x555557426c40, create_info=0x7fffffff7a20,
old_swapchain=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:1117
#11 0x00005555557321bf in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new_unchecked (device=..., surface=..., create_info=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:432
#12 0x0000555555732681 in vulkano::swapchain::Swapchain::new (device=..., surface=..., create_info=...) at vulkano/src/swapchain/mod.rs:421
#13 0x0000555555775c81 in triangle::main () at examples/triangle/main.rs:291

royward commented

I think those message may be spurious the the crash: If I turn on the layers:

"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation","VK_LAYER_PRIMUS_PrimusVK"

primusrun ./target/debug/triangle

gives the same messages, but then runs correctly.

With those same layers, if I then run without the 'primusrun', it fails to find a rendering GPU:

./target/debug/triangle
Can't open bumblebee display.
List of Vulkan debugging layers available to use:
VK_LAYER_NV_optimus
VK_LAYER_PRIMUS_PrimusVK
VK_LAYER_MESA_device_select
VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation
VK_LAYER_MESA_overlay
MESA-INTEL: warning: Haswell Vulkan support is incomplete
PrimusVK: Searching for display GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70: 32902;1046
PrimusVK: Got integrated gpu!
PrimusVK: Device: Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)
PrimusVK: Type: 1
PrimusVK: Searching for render GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70.
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90ca0.
PrimusVK: No device for the rendering GPU found. Is the correct driver installed?
PrimusVK: VK_ICD_FILENAMES not set
PrimusVK: Searching for display GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70: 32902;1046
PrimusVK: Got integrated gpu!
PrimusVK: Device: Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)
PrimusVK: Type: 1
PrimusVK: Searching for render GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70.
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90ca0.
PrimusVK: No device for the rendering GPU found. Is the correct driver installed?
PrimusVK: VK_ICD_FILENAMES not set
PrimusVK: Searching for display GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70: 32902;1046
PrimusVK: Got integrated gpu!
PrimusVK: Device: Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)
PrimusVK: Type: 1
PrimusVK: Searching for render GPU:
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90c70.
PrimusVK: 0x561178d90ca0.
PrimusVK: No device for the rendering GPU found. Is the correct driver installed?
PrimusVK: VK_ICD_FILENAMES not set
thread 'main' panicked at examples/triangle/main.rs:180:10:
called Result::unwrap() on an Err value: InitializationFailed