Clojure wrapper for Neo4j, a graph database.
Purpose of this library is to provide intiutive access to commonly used Neo4j operations. It uses official Neo4j Java bindings. It does not use Blueprints interface.
I've decided to create my own Neo4j wrapper, because I was not happy with the current state (01/2011) of existing ones. While I initially forked from late hgavin/clojure-neo4j, I quickly realized that drastic changes will be needed. This chapter summarizes my motivation behind changes and decisions I made.
I believe that adapters are a sub-optimal solution (see Chris Housers talk on the Expression Problem). Problem with adapters is that they are no longer original types so you will not be able to use existing functions which accept original type. That is why borneo works mainly with Neo4j classes (Node, Relationship), and does not automatically convert nodes to property maps.
It is tedious to provide a connection for every operation on database. That is why I chose to have a dedicated Var for storing current connection. That of course brings several problems to the scene. Sometimes you want to have a connection which is shared between threads and sometimes you want to have parallel connections to multiple databases. (Embedded Neo4j does not allow for parallel connections to single database). Both cases are supported in borneo. You can use with-db! for a connection accessible from every thread, and by using with-local-db!, you can have a thread local connection. One drawback is that you cannot have both at one moment, so be careful.
Because I like simple things (see Stuart Halloways talk on simplicity), I tried to provide simple functions. That is why properties handling function are divided into two separate ones, one for reading and one for mutating. I also provide some "compound" functions, like props, create-child! or delete-node!, but they are here only for convenience and their simple counterparts are also provided.
While mentioned in previous section, I'd like to stress that separation of mutable and immutable world is very important in Clojure. That is why all mutable functions in borneo are clearly separated from their read-only parts and cannot be used in Clojure transactions.
I have added support for custom Returnable and Stop evaluators through protocols. I think it will allow for greater flexibility (see last example at the bottom of this page).
Another thing I wanted very much in a Neo4j wrapper was to use keywords instead of custom static types/enums, to feel more like you are in Clojure and not in Java... It turned out to be fairly easy to implement.
All mutable operations are automatically wrapped in transactions (read only operations don't need transactions in recent Neo4j). By the way Neo4j handles transactions, it should be pretty cheap to have nested transactions so you can use with-tx to group mutable operations into one big transactions if you need it. Needs some field testing to prove this design decision though.
If you get properties for a node with props function, you fetch all properties at once. This may be very resource intensive, when you have large binary data stored in nodes properties. One big wish I had is to have some king of lazy PersistentMap, where value would be fetched on demand. I've thougt of using delay/lazy-seq on values to achieve that, but user would have to manually deref the value, which is not very intuitive and does not look good. This data structure could also allow for even less intrusive interface so you could work with data stored in Neo4j more like working with traditional Clojure map, without serious performance impact. I didn't have time to seriously think about this approach yet. More hammock time needed.
Add the following dependency to your project.clj file:
[borneo "0.5.0"]
Detailed API docs are at http://wagjo.github.com/borneo/
Quick overview of available functions (most important ones are emphasized):
- Database management
- *neo-db* holds current database instance
- *exec-eng* holds instance of execution engine
- start! establishes a connection to the database
- stop! closes a connection stored in *neo-db*
- with-db! establishes a connection to the database
- with-local-db! establishes a thread local connection to the database
- with-tx establishes a transaction
- get-path gets path to where database is stored
- read-only? returns true if database is read only
- index returns Index Manager
- purge! deletes all nodes and relationships
- Property Containers (both Nodes and Relationships)
- prop? returns true if node or relationship contains given property
- prop returns specific property value for a given node or relationship
- props returns map of properties for a given node or relationship
- set-prop! sets or removes property in a given node or relationship
- set-props! sets (or removes) properties for a given node or relationships
- get-id returns id of a given node or relationship
- delete! deletes relationship or "free" node
- Relationships
- rel-nodes returns the two nodes attached to the given relationship
- start-node returns start node for given relationsip
- end-node returns end node for given relationsip
- other-node returns other node for given relationsip
- rel-type returns type of given relationship
- create-rel! creates relationship between two nodes
- all-rel-types returns lazy seq of all relationship types in database
- Labels
- dynamic-label creates a label with the supplied name
- label? returns true if the given node has a label with the supplied name
- add-label! adds the given label to the node
- remove-label! removes the supplied label from the node
- labels lists all labels attached to this node
- Nodes
- rel? returns true if node has given relationship(s)
- rels returns relationships attached to given node
- single-rel returns single relationship for given node
- create-labeled-node! creates new labeled node, not linked with any other nodes
- create-node! creates new node, not linked with any other nodes. Labels may be provided as an optional arguments.
- create-child! creates a child node of a given parent
- delete-node! deletes node and all its relationships
- find-nodes finds nodes with the supplied label and predicate.
- Graph traversal protocols
- ReturnableEvaluator protocol for return evaluation. Used for graph traversing.
- StopEvaluator protocol for stop evaluation. Used for graph traversing.
- Graph traversal
- all-nodes returns lazy-seq of all nodes in database
- all-nodes-with-label returns lazy-seq of all nodes with the given label
- node-by-id returns node with a given id
- rel-by-id returns relationship with a given id
- walk walks though the graph by following through given single relations
- traverse traverses the graph
- Cypher queries
- cypher returns lazy-seq of results from a Cypher query
Following examples show basic borneo functions. Code presented here is not meant to be an idiomatic clojure code, e.g. you should wrap most of your operations in separate functions, and use let instead of def to store a reference to a node.
NOTE: Following examples are out of date (for version 0.4). Pull request for up to date example is welcomed.
Require a borneo ns and wrap all borneo related stuff in a with-db! macro:
(ns foo.example
(:require [borneo.core :as neo]))
(neo/with-db! "matrix-db"
;; use borneo here
)
Populate database with graph inspired by Neo4j Matrix social graph (for simplicity I do not check if graph already exists):
;; basic layout
(def humans (neo/create-child! :humans nil))
(def programs (neo/create-child! :programs nil))
;; add programs
(def smith (neo/create-child! programs :program
{:name "Agent Smith"
:language "C++"
:age 40}))
(def architect (neo/create-child! programs :program
{:name "Architect"
:language "Clojure"
:age 600}))
;; add humans
(def the-one (neo/create-child! humans :human
{:name "Thomas Anderson"
:age 29}))
(def trinity (neo/create-child! humans :human
{:name "Trinity"
:age 27}))
(def morpheus (neo/create-child! humans :human
{:name "Morpheus"
:rank "Captain"
:age 35}))
(def cypher (neo/create-child! humans :human
{:name "Cypher"}))
;; add relationships
(neo/create-rel! the-one :knows trinity)
(neo/create-rel! the-one :knows morpheus)
(neo/create-rel! morpheus :knows trinity)
(neo/create-rel! morpheus :knows cypher)
(neo/set-props! (neo/create-rel! cypher :knows smith)
{:disclosure "secret"
:age 6})
(neo/create-rel! smith :knows architect)
(neo/create-rel! trinity :loves the-one)
Assuming I do not have any previous references to nodes.
Get me all human nodes:
(let [humans (neo/walk (neo/root) :humans)]
(neo/traverse humans :human))
;; evals to:
;; (#<NodeProxy Node[5]> #<NodeProxy Node[6]>
;; #<NodeProxy Node[7]> #<NodeProxy Node[8]>)
I want to see their properties:
(let [human-nodes (neo/traverse (neo/walk (neo/root) :humans) :human)]
(map neo/props human-nodes))
;; evals to:
;; ({:name "Thomas Anderson", :age 29}
;; {:name "Trinity", :age 27}
;; {:name "Morpheus", :rank "Captain", :age 35}
;; {:name "Cypher"})
Want to find Mr. Andersons node, assuming I don't have one:
(def the-one (first (neo/traverse (neo/walk (neo/root) :humans)
{:name "Thomas Anderson"}
:human)))
;; Or if I want to traverse from root
(def the-one (first (neo/traverse (neo/root)
{:name "Thomas Anderson"}
{:humans :out
:human :out})))
Andersons properties (this fetches all properties and may be resource intensive if node has e.g. large binary properties):
(neo/props the-one)
;; evals to:
;; {:name "Thomas Anderson", :age 29}
Andersons age:
(neo/prop the-one :age)
;; evals to:
;; 29
Andersons relationships:
(neo/rels the-one)
;; evals to:
;; (#<RelationshipProxy Relationship[4]>
;; #<RelationshipProxy Relationship[8]>
;; #<RelationshipProxy Relationship[9]>
;; #<RelationshipProxy Relationship[14]>)
But I want to see their types:
(map neo/rel-type (neo/rels the-one))
;; evals to:
;; (:human :knows :knows :loves)
Get :knows or :loves type relationships:
(neo/rels the-one [:knows :loves])
Get love relationships only:
(neo/rels the-one :loves)
Get incoming relationships only:
(neo/rels the-one nil :in)
Who does Anderson know?:
(map #(neo/prop % :name)
(neo/traverse the-one :1 nil :knows))
;; ("Trinity" "Morpheus")
Go one level deeper:
(map #(neo/prop % :name)
(neo/traverse the-one :2 nil :knows))
;; ("Trinity" "Morpheus" "Cypher")
Go all the way down:
(map #(neo/prop % :name)
(neo/traverse the-one nil nil :knows))
;; ("Trinity" "Morpheus" "Cypher" "Agent Smith" "Architect")
Return every human who does not have his age set. Create a custom returnable evaluator function first:
(defn age-not-present? [pos]
(and
(not (:start? pos)) ; eliminate start node
(not (neo/prop (:node pos) :age))))
Now find every human without his age set:
(map neo/props (neo/traverse (neo/walk (neo/root) :humans)
age-not-present? :human))
;; ({:name "Cypher"})
Return anybody between specified age range. Create custom return evaluator:
(deftype AgeRangeEvaluator [from to]
neo/ReturnableEvaluator
(returnable-node? [this pos] (let [age (neo/prop (:node pos) :age)]
(when age
(and
(>= age from)
(<= age to))))))
Traverse:
(map neo/props (neo/traverse (neo/root)
(AgeRangeEvaluator. 30 40)
{:humans :out
:human :out
:programs :out
:program :out}))
;; evals to:
;; ({:name "Agent Smith", :language "C++", :age 40}
;; {:name "Morpheus", :rank "Captain", :age 35})
You can contact Jozef Wagner through:
Disclaimer: Forked from hgavin/clojure-neo4j (no longer available)
Disclaimer: Small amount of comments and docs are based on official Neo4j javadocs.
Copyright (C) 2011, 2014, Jozef Wagner and contributors. All rights reserved.
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By using this software in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this license.
You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.