NATS - Ruby Client

A Ruby client for the NATS messaging system.

Supported Platforms

This gem and the client are known to work on the following Ruby platforms:

MRI 2.2, 2.3.0, 2.4.0, 2.5.0
JRuby 9.1.2.0, 9.1.15.0

If you're looking for a non-EventMachine alternative, check out the nats-pure gem.

Getting Started

gem install nats

nats-sub foo &
nats-pub foo 'Hello World!'

Basic Usage

require "nats/client"

NATS.start do

  # Simple Subscriber
  NATS.subscribe('foo') { |msg| puts "Msg received : '#{msg}'" }

  # Simple Publisher
  NATS.publish('foo.bar.baz', 'Hello World!')

  # Unsubscribing
  sid = NATS.subscribe('bar') { |msg| puts "Msg received : '#{msg}'" }
  NATS.unsubscribe(sid)

  # Requests
  NATS.request('help') { |response| puts "Got a response: '#{response}'" }

  # Replies
  NATS.subscribe('help') { |msg, reply| NATS.publish(reply, "I'll help!") }

  # Stop using NATS.stop, exits EM loop if NATS.start started the loop
  NATS.stop

end

Wildcard Subscriptions

# "*" matches any token, at any level of the subject.
NATS.subscribe('foo.*.baz') { |msg, reply, sub| puts "Msg received on [#{sub}] : '#{msg}'" }
NATS.subscribe('foo.bar.*') { |msg, reply, sub| puts "Msg received on [#{sub}] : '#{msg}'" }
NATS.subscribe('*.bar.*')   { |msg, reply, sub| puts "Msg received on [#{sub}] : '#{msg}'" }

# ">" matches any length of the tail of a subject and can only be the last token
# E.g. 'foo.>' will match 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz', 'foo.foo.bar.bax.22'
NATS.subscribe('foo.>') { |msg, reply, sub| puts "Msg received on [#{sub}] : '#{msg}'" }

Queues Groups

# All subscriptions with the same queue name will form a queue group
# Each message will be delivered to only one subscriber per queue group, queuing semantics
# You can have as many queue groups as you wish
# Normal subscribers will continue to work as expected.
NATS.subscribe(subject, :queue => 'job.workers') { |msg| puts "Received '#{msg}'" }

Clustered Usage

NATS.start(:servers => ['nats://127.0.0.1:4222', 'nats://127.0.0.1:4223']) do |nc|
  puts "NATS is connected to #{nc.connected_server}"

  nc.on_reconnect do
    puts "Reconnected to server at #{nc.connected_server}"
  end

  nc.on_disconnect do |reason|
    puts "Disconnected: #{reason}"
  end

  nc.on_close do
    puts "Connection to NATS closed"
  end
end

opts = {
  :dont_randomize_servers => true,
  :reconnect_time_wait => 0.5,
  :max_reconnect_attempts => 10,
  :servers => ['nats://127.0.0.1:4222', 'nats://127.0.0.1:4223', 'nats://127.0.0.1:4224']
}

NATS.connect(opts) do |c|
  puts "NATS is connected!"
end

Auto discovery

Starting from release 0.8.0 of the gem, the client also auto discovers new nodes announced by the server as they attach to the cluster. Reconnection logic parameters such as time to back-off on failure and max attempts apply the same to both discovered nodes and those defined explicitly on connect:

opts = {
  :dont_randomize_servers => true,
  :reconnect_time_wait => 0.5,
  :max_reconnect_attempts => 10,
  :servers => ['nats://127.0.0.1:4222', 'nats://127.0.0.1:4223'],
  :user => 'secret',
  :pass => 'deadbeef'
}

NATS.connect(opts) do |c|
  # Confirm number of available servers in cluster.
  puts "Connected to NATS! Servers in pool: #{c.server_pool.count}"
end

Advanced Usage

# Publish with closure, callback fires when server has processed the message
NATS.publish('foo', 'You done?') { puts 'msg processed!' }

# Timeouts for subscriptions
sid = NATS.subscribe('foo') { received += 1 }
NATS.timeout(sid, TIMEOUT_IN_SECS) { timeout_recvd = true }

# Timeout unless a certain number of messages have been received
NATS.timeout(sid, TIMEOUT_IN_SECS, :expected => 2) { timeout_recvd = true }

# Auto-unsubscribe after MAX_WANTED messages received
NATS.unsubscribe(sid, MAX_WANTED)

# Multiple connections
NATS.subscribe('test') do |msg|
  puts "received msg"
  NATS.stop
end

# Form second connection to send message on
NATS.connect { NATS.publish('test', 'Hello World!') }

See examples and benchmarks for more information..

TLS

Advanced customizations options for setting up a secure connection can be done by including them on connect:

options = {
  :servers => [
   'nats://secret:deadbeef@127.0.0.1:4443',
   'nats://secret:deadbeef@127.0.0.1:4444'
  ],
  :max_reconnect_attempts => 10,
  :reconnect_time_wait => 2,
  :tls => {
    :private_key_file => './spec/configs/certs/key.pem',
    :cert_chain_file  => './spec/configs/certs/server.pem'
    # Can enable verify_peer functionality optionally by passing
    # the location of a ca_file.
    # :verify_peer => true,
    # :ca_file => './spec/configs/certs/ca.pem'
  }
}

# Set default callbacks
NATS.on_error do |e|
  puts "Error: #{e}"
end

NATS.on_disconnect do |reason|
  puts "Disconnected: #{reason}"
end

NATS.on_reconnect do |nats|
  puts "Reconnected to NATS server at #{nats.connected_server}"
end

NATS.on_close do
  puts "Connection to NATS closed"
  EM.stop
end

NATS.start(options) do |nats|
  puts "Connected to NATS at #{nats.connected_server}"

  nats.subscribe("hello") do |msg|
    puts "Received: #{msg}"
  end

  nats.flush do
    nats.publish("hello", "world")
  end
end

Fibers

Requests without a callback can be made to work synchronously and return the result when running in a Fiber. For these type of requests, it is possible to set a timeout of how long to wait for a single or multiple responses.

NATS.start {

  NATS.subscribe('help') do |msg, reply|
    puts "[Received]: <<- #{msg}"
    NATS.publish(reply, "I'll help! - #{msg}")
  end

  NATS.subscribe('slow') do |msg, reply|
    puts "[Received]: <<- #{msg}"
    EM.add_timer(1) { NATS.publish(reply, "I'll help! - #{msg}") }
  end

  10.times do |n|
    NATS.subscribe('hi') do |msg, reply|
      NATS.publish(reply, "Hello World! - id:#{n}")
    end
  end

  Fiber.new do
    # Requests work synchronously within the same Fiber
    # returning the message when done.
    response = NATS.request('help', 'foo')
    puts "[Response]: ->> '#{response}'"

    # Specifying a custom timeout to give up waiting for
    # a response.
    response = NATS.request('slow', 'bar', timeout: 2)
    if response.nil?
      puts "No response after 2 seconds..."
    else
      puts "[Response]: ->> '#{response}'"
    end

    # Can gather multiple responses with the same request
    # which will then return a collection with the responses
    # that were received before the timeout.
    responses = NATS.request('hi', 'quux', max: 10, timeout: 1)
    responses.each_with_index do |response, i|
      puts "[Response# #{i}]: ->> '#{response}'"
    end
    
    # If no replies then an empty collection is returned.
    responses = NATS.request('nowhere', '', max: 10, timeout: 2)
    if responses.any?
      puts "Got #{responses.count} responses"
    else
      puts "No response after 2 seconds..."
    end

    NATS.stop
  end.resume

  # Multiple fibers can make requests concurrently
  # under the same Eventmachine loop.
  Fiber.new do
    10.times do |n|
      response = NATS.request('help', "help.#{n}")
      puts "[Response]: ->> '#{response}'"
    end
  end.resume
}

License

Unless otherwise noted, the NATS source files are distributed under the Apache Version 2.0 license found in the LICENSE file.

wallyqs/ruby-nats